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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Study of critical defects in ablative heat shield systems for the space shuttle

Experimental results are presented for a program conducted to determine the effects of fabrication-induced defects on the performance of an ablative heat shield material. Exposures representing a variety of space shuttle orbiter mission environments-humidity acoustics, hot vacuum and cold vacuum-culuminating in entry heating and transonic acoustics, were simulated on large panels containing intentional defects. Nondestructive methods for detecting the defects, were investigated. The baseline materials were two honeycomb-reinforced low density, silicone ablators, MG-36 and SS-41. Principal manufacturing-induced defects displaying a critical potential included: off-curing of the ablator, extreme low density, undercut (or crushed) honeycomb reinforcements, and poor wet-coating of honeycomb.

Miller, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Experimental and analytical determination of vibration characteristics of corrugated, flexibly supported, heat-shield panels

Experimental and analytical natural frequencies, nodal patterns, and typical modal displacements for a corrugated, flexibly supported, heat-shield panel are discussed. Good correlation was found between the experimental data and NASTRAN analytical results for the corrugated panel over a relatively wide frequency spectrum covered in the investigation. Of the two experimental techniques used for mode shape and displacement measurements (a noncontacting displacement sensor system and a holographic technique using a helium-neon, continuous-wave laser), the holographic technique was found, in the present investigation, to be faster and better suited for determining a large number of complex nodal patterns of the corrugated panel.

Carden, H. D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Experimental investigation of a shielded complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) structure

A shielded integrated complimentary MOS transistor structure is described which is used to prevent field inversion in the region not occupied by the gates and which permits the use of a thinner field oxide, reduces the chip area, and has provision for simplified multilayer connections. The structure is used in the design of a static shift register and results in a 20% reduction in area.

Lin, H. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Three-terminal shielded resistors for fast electrometers

The design of electrometer feedback resistors for use at frequencies up to the kilohertz range is discussed. It is shown experimentally that the addition of capacitive coupling between the electrometer output and the center of the feedback resistor, combined with suitable shielding, gives substantially better performance at high frequencies than is obtainable with more conventional designs.

Kendall, B. R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

High purity silica reflecting heat shield development

A reflecting heat shield composed of fused silica in which the scattering results from the refractive index mismatch between silica particles and the voids introduced during the fabrication process is developed. Major considerations and conclusions of the development are: the best material to use is Type A, which is capable of ultra-high-purity and which does not show the 0.243 micrometer absorption band; the reflection efficiency of fused silica is decreased at higher temperatures due to the bathochromic shift of the ultraviolet cut-off; for a given silica material, over the wavelength region and particle sizes tested, the monodisperse particle size configurations produce higher reflectances than continuous particle size configurations; and the smaller monodisperse particle size configurations give higher reflectance than the larger ones. A reflecting silica configuration that is an efficient reflector of shock layer radiation at high ablation temperatures is achieved by tailoring the matrix for optimum scattering and using an ultra-high-purity material.

Congdon, W.↗
NASA NTRS1974

High purity silica reflective heat shield development

Progress is reported on the development of a high purity reflective heat shield material. Silicon dioxide was selected as the material because it is highly reflective in the correct wavelength band, has good ablation characteristics, is thermal shock resistant, and is readily fabricated to full size at reasonable cost. Conclusions indicate that: reflectance is affected by purity and morphology; the pure material is readily available; required purity and morphology can be maintained with reasonable care; high reflectances are determined (0.99 from 0.4 to 1.2 microns); major processing steps are defined; and the material appears to be cost effective. It is indicated that the materials are developed to the point of readiness for full scale fabrication and characterization.

Blome, J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Radiation and shielding study for the International Ultraviolet Explorer

Technical advisory services to ensure integrity of parts and material exposed to energetic particle radiation for the IUE scientific instruments, spacecraft, and subsystems are provided. A significant potential for interference, degradation, or failure for unprotected or sensitive items was found. Vulnerable items were identified, and appropriate tests, changes, and shields were defined.

Baze, M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Fused silica reflecting heat shields for outer planet entry probes

The development of slip-cast fused silica is discussed as a heat shield designed to meet the needs of outer-planet entry probes. The distinguishing feature of silica is its ability to reflect the radiation imposed by planetary-entry environments. This reflectivity is particularly sensitive to degradation by the presence of trace amounts of contaminants introduced by the starting materials or by processing. The microstructure of a silica configuration also significantly influences the reflectivity and other thermomechanical properties. The processing techniques attendant on controlling microstructure while maintaining purity are discussed. The selection of a starting material of essential purity precludes the use of purified natural quartz and requires the use of synthetic fused silica. The silica is characterized in a limited combined heating test environment. The surface mass loss is controlled by liquid runoff from a relatively low-temperature melt layer; the reflectance is basically maintained and the material achieves a surprisingly high heat of ablation.

Congdon, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Evaluation of dispersion strengthened nickel-base alloy heat shields for space shuttle application

The results obtained in a program to evaluate dispersion-strengthened nickel-base alloys for use in a metallic radiative thermal protection system operating at surface temperatures to 1477 K for the space shuttle were presented. Vehicle environments having critical effects on the thermal protection system are defined; TD Ni-20Cr characteristics of material used in the current study are compared with previous results; cyclic load, temperature, and pressure effects on sheet material residual strength are investigated; the effects of braze reinforcement in improving the efficiency of spotwelded joints are evaluated; parametric studies of metallic radiative thermal protection systems are reported; and the design, instrumentation, and testing of full scale subsize heat shield panels in two configurations are described. Initial tests of full scale subsize panels included simulated meteoroid impact tests, simulated entry flight aerodynamic heating, programmed differential pressure loads and temperatures simulating mission conditions, and acoustic tests simulating sound levels experienced during boost flight.

Johnson, R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Improved space radiation shielding methods

The computing software that was used to perform the charged particle radiation transport analysis and shielding design for the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 spacecraft is described. Electron fluences, energy spectra and dose rates obtained with this software are presented and compared with independent computer calculations.

Davis, H. S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Investigation of LANDSAT imagery on correlations between ore deposits and major shield structures in Finland

The author has identified the following significant results. On the central Baltic Shield, the concept of drainage patterns can be extended to smaller scales in which case many cultural features become involved to the spatial patterns influenced by bedrock structure. Features resulting from agriculture activity and timbering often exaggerate the influence of the bedrock on the image texture.

Tuominen, H. V.↗
NASA NTRS1975

An orbiting molecular shield vacuum facility - A materials laboratory in space

Certain classes of materials processing experiments require a combination of near zero gravity and ultrahigh vacuum. This combination of environmental requirements can be obtained within a molecular shield vacuum facility deployed from the Space Shuttle Orbiter. To avoid degradation by Orbiter effluents, it is necessary to deploy the facility from the Orbiter's immediate vicinity to a distance of about 100 meters. This may be achieved with an extendable/retractable boom, so that power and other resources are supplied by the Orbiter. Alternatively, the facility may be deployed as a free-flyer satellite and retrieved on a subsequent Orbiter mission. Preliminary results of boom design and dynamics analyses are presented.

Youngblood, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Lightning-activated electrical ground for cable shields

Device protects cables used to connect circuits that are physically separated from lightning-induced high-voltage. Circuit returns to normal high impedance open configuration after lightning-induced shield voltage is dissipated.

Castle, K. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Silica heat shield sizing

The sensitivity of silica heat shield requirements to gap width, tile edge radius, and heat transfer distribution within tile gaps was investigated. A two-dimensional thermal model was modified and used to determine the effect of two dimensional heat transfer distributions at high temperature reusable surface insulation edges on shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) requirements. The sensitivity of TPS requirements to coating thickness, emissivity, substructure thickness, and changes in gap heating for several locations on shuttle was also studied. An inverse solution technique was applied to temperature data obtained in the Ames 20 MW turbulent duct in order to examine the effect of tile edge radius on TPS requirements. The derived heating values were then used to predict TPS requirements. Results show that increasing tile radius reduces TPS requirements.

Ebbesmeyer, L. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

High purity silica reflective heat shield development

Measurements were made of reflectance in the vacuum ultraviolet down to 0.15 micron. Scattering coefficients (S) and absorption coefficients (K) were also measured. These coefficients express the optical properties and are used directly in a thermodynamic analysis for sizing a heat shield. The effect of the thin silica melt layer formed during entry was also studied from the standpoint of trapped radiant energy.

Blome, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Evaluation of coated columbium alloy heat shields for space shuttle thermal protection system application

A three-phase program to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a metallic heat shield suitable for use on Space Shuttle Orbiter class vehicles at operating surface temperatures of up to 1590 K (2400 F) is summarized. An orderly progression of configuration studies, material screening tests, and subscale structural tests was performed. Scale-up feasibility was demonstrated in the final phase when a sizable nine-panel array was fabricated and successfully tested. The full-scale tests included cyclic testing at reduced air pressure to 1590 K (2400 F) and up to 158 dB overall sound pressure level. The selected structural configuration and design techniques succesfully eliminated thermal induced failures. The thermal/structural performance of the system was repeatedly demonstrated. Practical and effective field repair methods for coated columbium alloys were demonstrated. Major uncertainties of accessibility, refurbishability, and durability were eliminated.

Black, W. E.↗