Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “SCATTERING AMPLITUDES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

On unitarity of the hypergeometric amplitude

The hypergeometric amplitude is a one-parameter deformation of the Veneziano amplitude for four-point tachyon scattering in bosonic string theory that is consistent with S-matrix bootstrap constraints. In this article we construct a similar hypergeometric generalization of the Veneziano amplitude for type-I superstring theory. We then rule out a large region of the (r, m 2 , D) parameter space as non-unitary, and establish another large subset of the (r, m 2 , D) parameter space where all of the residue’s partial wave coefficients are positive. We also analyze positivity in various limits and special cases. As a corollary to our analysis, we are able to directly demonstrate positivity of a wider set of Veneziano amplitude partial wave coefficients than what has been presented elsewhere.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Drift-cyclotron loss-cone instability in 3-D simulations of a sloshing-ion simple mirror

The kinetic stability of collisionless, sloshing beam-ion (45° pitch angle) plasma is studied in a three-dimensional (3-D) simple magnetic mirror, mimicking the Wisconsin high-temperature superconductor axisymmetric mirror experiment. The collisional Fokker–Planck code CQL3D-m provides a slowing-down beam-ion distribution to initialize the kinetic-ion/fluid-electron code Hybrid-VPIC, which then simulates free plasma decay without external heating or fuelling. Over 1 – 10 μs, drift-cyclotron loss-cone (DCLC) modes grow and saturate in amplitude. The DCLC scatters ions to a marginally stable distribution with gas-dynamic rather than classical-mirror confinement. Sloshing ions can trap cool (low-energy) ions in an electrostatic potential well to stabilize DCLC, but DCLC itself does not scatter sloshing beam-ions into the said well. Instead, cool ions must come from external sources such as charge-exchange collisions with a low-density neutral population. Manually adding cool ∼1keV ions improves beam-ion confinement several-fold in Hybrid-VPIC simulations, which qualitatively corroborates prior measurements from real mirror devices with sloshing ions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Faddeev-Chiral Unitary Approach to the $K^- d$ scattering length

Our earlier Faddeev three-body study in the $K^-$-deuteron scattering length, $A_{K^-d}$, is revisited here in the light of the recent developments in two fronts: {\it (i)} the improved chiral unitary approach to the theoretical description of the coupled $\Kbar N$ related channels at low energies, and {\it (ii)} the new and improved measurement from SIDDHARTA Collaboration of the strong interaction energy shift and width in the lowest $K^-$-hydrogen atomic level. Those two, in combination, have allowed us to produced a reliable two-body input to the three-body calculation. All available low-energy $K^-p$ observables are well reproduced and predictions for the $\Kbar N$ scattering lengths and amplitudes, $(\pi \Sigma)^\circ$ invariant-mass spectra, as well as for $A_{K^-d}$ are put forward and compared with results from other sources. The findings of the present work are expected to be useful in interpreting the forthcoming data from CLAS, HADES, LEPS and SIDDHARTA Collaborations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Practical Three-Dimensional Curvilinear Aperture Monopulse Synthetic Aperture Radar

When collected over a curved path, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) contains information about the three-dimensional content of a scene that can aid interpretation of this difficult imaging modality. In a point scatterer simulation with amplitudes and heights derived from a real SAR image pair, we supplement confocal processing with a monopulse-based algorithm to compute heights of certain bright points, which we find automatically. In SAR, bright points often reflect man-made infrastructure central to scene interpretation.

Story, Mark [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000289148911)↗
DOE OSTI2013

Nucleon Structure with Generalized Parton Distributions

Generalized Parton Distributions provide a 3-dimensional description of hadronic structures in terms of partonic longitudinal momentum and transverse position. They appear as universal functions parameterizing the factorized amplitudes for exclusive scattering in the Bjorken limit. After a decade of exploratory measurements, we are now in a transition towards a new phase of precision mapping. We will review the existing data from Jefferson Laboratory, and their impact on extraction strategies. A full program combining beam and target polarizations will be carried out for these extractions, requiring as well various meson productions in the final state for flavor separation.

Girod-Gard, Francois-Xavier↗
DOE OSTI2017

Long-Time Variation of Magnetic Structure in (Pr x La 1-x )Co 2 Si 2 : Coexistence of Slow and Fast Processes in Magnetic Phase Transition

In this paper, long-time variations of the magnetic structure in PrCo 2 Si 2 and (Pr 0.98 La 0.02 )Co 2 Si 2 were studied by magnetization and time-resolved neutron scattering measurements. The amplitudes of magnetic Bragg peaks showed marked time variations after cooling or heating across the magnetic transition temperature T 1 between two different antiferromagnetic phases. However, the amplitude of the time variation decreased rapidly with increasing distance from T 1 . Finally, we analyzed the results on the basis of a phase transition model that includes the coexistence of fast and slow processes.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1988

A description of electron heating with an electrostatic potential jump in a parallel, collisionless, fire hose shock

The electron heating required if protons scatter elastically in a parallel, collisionless shock is calculated. Near-elastic proton scattering off large amplitude background magnetic field fluctuations might be expected if the waves responsible for the shock dissipation are generated by the fire hose instability. The effects of an electrostatic potential jump in the shock layer are included by assuming that the energy lost by protons in traversing the potential jump is converted into electron thermal pressure. It is found that the electron temperature increase is a strong function of the potential jump. Comparison is made to the parallel shock plasma simulation of Quest (1987).

Ellison, Donald C.↗
DOE OSTI2017

The Nucleon Axial Form Factor and Staggered Lattice QCD

The study of neutrino oscillation physics is a major research goal of the worldwide particle physics program over the upcoming decade. Many new experiments are being built to study the properties of neutrinos and to answer questions about the phenomenon of neutrino oscillation. These experiments need precise theoretical cross sections in order to access fundamental neutrino properties. Neutrino oscillation experiments often use large atomic nuclei as scattering targets, which are challenging for theorists to model. Nuclear models rely on free-nucleon amplitudes as inputs. These amplitudes are constrained by scattering experiments with large nuclear targets that rely on the very same nuclear models. The work in this dissertation is the rst step of a new initiative to isolate and compute elementary amplitudes with theoretical calculations to support the neutrino oscillation experimental program. Here, the eort focuses on computing the axial form factor, which is the largest contributor of systematic error in the primary signal measurement process for neutrino oscillation studies, quasielastic scattering. Two approaches are taken. First, neutrino scattering data on a deuterium target are reanalyzed with a model-independent parametrization of the axial form factor to quantify the present uncertainty in the free-nucleon amplitudes. The uncertainties on the free-nucleon cross section are found to be underestimated by about an order of magnitude compared to the ubiquitous dipole model parametrization. The second approach uses lattice QCD to perform a rst-principles computation of the nucleon axial form factor. The Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action is employed for both valence and sea quarks. The results presented in this dissertation are computed at physical pion mass for one lattice spacing. This work presents a computation of the axial form factor at zero momentum transfer, and forms the basis for a computation of the axial form factor momentum dependence with an extrapolation to the continuum limit and a full systematic error budget.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1990

Time-dependent treatment of scattering - Integral equation approaches using the time-dependent amplitude density

The time-dependent form of the Lippmann-Schwinger integral equation is used as the basis of several new wave packet propagation schemes. These can be formulated in terms of either the time-dependent wave function or a time-dependent amplitude density. The latter is nonzero only in the region of configuratiaon space for which the potential is nonzero, thereby in principle obviating the necessity of large grids or the use of complex absorbing potentials when resonances cause long collision times (leading, consequently, to long propagation times). Transition amplitudes are obtained in terms of Fourier transforms of the amplitude density from the time to the energy domain. The approach is illustrated by an application to a standard potential scattering model problem where, as in previous studies, the action of the kinetic energy operator is evaluated by fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques.

Hoffman, David K.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Modeling of Optoacoustic Signals in a System with Elastic Scattering and Light Absorption

We propose a method for simulating optoacoustic signals initiated by a laser pulse in an absorbing medium with elastic radiation scattering and carry out corresponding calculations. It is shown that the use of the method of spherical harmonics allows obtaining an analytical expression for the optoacoustic signal. The deviation of the absorption profile from the Bouguer type near the sample surface leads to a strong influence of the medium parameters on the position of the signal maximum. The growth of the albedo of onefold scattering leads to a decrease in the effective signal growth constant and its amplitude.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1991

Scattering of sound waves by a compressible vortex

Scattering of plane sound waves by a compressible vortex is investigated by direct computation of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Nonreflecting boundary conditions are utilized, and their accuracy is established by comparing results on different sized domains. Scattered waves are directly measured from the computations. The resulting amplitude and directivity pattern of the scattered waves is discussed, and compared to various theoretical predictions. For compact vortices (zero circulation), the scattered waves directly computed are in good agreement with predictions based on an acoustic analogy. Strong scattering at about + or - 30 degrees from the direction of incident wave propagation is observed. Back scattering is an order of magnitude smaller than forward scattering. For vortices with finite circulation refraction of the sound by the mean flow field outside the vortex core is found to be important in determining the amplitude and directivity of the scattered wave field.

Colonius, Tim↗
DOE OSTI2014

Alternating current response of carbon nanotubes with randomly distributed impurities

The increasing need for nanodevices has necessitated a better understanding of the electronic transport behavior of nanomaterials. We therefore theoretically examine the AC transport properties of metallic carbon nanotubes with randomly distributed impurities. We find that the long-range impurity scattering increases the emittance, but does not affect the DC conductance. The estimated dwell time of electrons increases with the potential amplitudes. That is, multiple scattering by the impurities increases the kinetic inductance in proportion to the dwell time, which eventually increases the emittance. We believe that our findings can contribute significantly to nanodevice development.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1987

Effect of an electron scattering cloud on X-ray oscillations produced by beaming

The effect of a scattering cloud on the amplitude of oscillations produced by a rotating beam of X-rays is investigated using analytical and Monte Carlo methods. The scattering cloud was modeled as a uniform density sphere, and the source was represented as an anistropic distribution of radiation emerging from a point at the center of the scattering cloud. The intensity distribution produced by the source beam is examined as a function of optical depth. The relation between electron scattering optical depth and the forward-backward ratio is studied. It is observed that the scattering in a central corona of various optical depths reduces the amplitude of the oscillation. The data suggest that the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the X-ray intensities of some luminous low-mass X-ray binaries are caused by oscillations in the luminosity of the X-ray star.

Brainerd, J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

On positive geometry and scattering forms for matter particles

We initiate the study of positive geometry and scattering forms for tree-level amplitudes with matter particles in the (anti-)fundamental representation of the color/flavor group. As a toy example, we study the bi-color scalar theory, which supplements the bi-adjoint theory with scalars in the (anti-)fundamental representations of both groups. Using a recursive construction we obtain a class of unbounded polytopes called open associahedra (or associahedra with certain facets at infinity) whose canonical form computes amplitudes in bi-color theory, for arbitrary number of legs and flavor assignments. In addition, we discuss the duality between color factors and wedge products, or "color is kinematics", for amplitudes with matter particles as well.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Microscopic calculations with noniterative finite amplitude methods and the application to neutron radiative captures and inelastic scatterings

We derive the fully self-consistent quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) equations with noniterative finite amplitude methods and calculate the transition strengths of giant resonances. Then, we apply the QRPA results to both neutron radiative capture calculations based on the statistical Hauser-Feshbach theory and inelastic scattering calculations based on distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA). We compare the calculated results with available experimental data and demonstrate how our approach can reproduce giant resonances and various nuclear reactions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Light scattering by a nematic liquid crystal droplet: Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation

Light scattering by an optically anisotropic liquid crystal (LC) droplet of a nematic in an isotropic polymer matrix is considered in the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation. General relations are obtained for elements of the amplitude matrix of light scattering by a droplet of arbitrary shape and for the structure of the director field. Analytic expressions for the amplitude matrices are derived for spherical LC droplets with a uniformly oriented structure of local optical axes for strictly forward and strictly backward scattering. The efficiency factors of extinction and backward scattering for a spherical nonabsorbing LC droplet depending on the LC optical anisotropy, refractive index of the polymer, illumination conditions, and orientation of the optical axis of the droplet are analyzed. Verification of the obtained solutions has been performed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗