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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Manipulating Ferroelectrics through Changes in Surface and Interface Properties

Ferroelectric materials are used in many applications of modern technologies including information storage, transducers, sensors, tunable capacitors, and other novel device concepts. In many of these applications, the ferroelectric properties, such as switching voltages, piezoelectric constants, or stability of nanodomains, are crucial. For any application, even for material characterization, the material itself needs to be interfaced with electrodes. On the basis of the structural, chemical, and electronic properties of the interfaces, the measured material properties can be determined by the interface. This is also true for surfaces. However, the importance of interfaces and surfaces and their effect on experiments are often neglected, which results in many dramatically different experimental results for nominally identical samples. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of the interface and surface properties on internal bias fields and the domain switching process. Here, the nanoscale ferroelectric switching process and the stability of nanodomains for Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin films are investigated by using scanning probe microscopy. Interface and surface properties are modulated through the selection/redesign of electrode materials as well as tuning the surface-near oxygen vacancies, which both can result in changes of the electric fields acting across the sample, and consequently this controls the measured ferroelectric and domain retention properties. By understanding the role of surfaces and interfaces, ferroelectric properties can be tuned to eliminate the problem of asymmetric domain stability by combining the effects of different electrode materials. Lastly, this study forms an important step toward integrating ferroelectric materials in electronic devices.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2016

TH-AB-209-04: 3D Light Sheet Luminescence Imaging with Cherenkov Radiation

Purpose: To recover a three-dimensional density distribution of luminescent molecular probes located several centimeters deep within a highly scattering tissue. Methods: We developed a novel sheet beam Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) methodology. The sample was irradiated by a horizontally oriented, vertically scanned 6 MV X-ray sheet beam (200mm × 5mm, 0.2mm vertical step) from a radiotherapy linear accelerator. The resulting Cherenkov light emission – and thus luminescent probe excitation – occurred exclusively along the irradiation plane due to a short diffusion path of secondary particles and Cherenkov photons. Cherenkov-excited luminescence was detected orthogonally to the sheet beam by gated, intensified charge coupled device camera. Analogously to light sheet microscopy, a series of luminescence images was taken for varied axial positions (depths) of the Cherenkov light sheet in sample. Knowledge of the excitation plane position allowed a 3D image stack deconvolution and depth-variant attenuation correction. The 3D image post-processing yielded a true spatial density distribution of luminescent molecules in highly scattering tissue. Results: We recovered a three-dimensional shape and position of 400 µL lesion-mimicking phantom tubes containing 25 µM solution of PtG4 molecular probe from 3 centimeter deep tissue-like media. The high sensitivity of CELSI also allowed resolving 100 micron capillaries of test solution. Functional information of partial oxygen pressure at the site of PtG4 molecular probe was recovered from luminescence lifetime CELSI. Finally, in-vivo sheet beam CELSI localized milimeter-sized PtG4-labelled tumor phantoms in multiple biological objects (hairless mice) from single scan. Conclusion: Presented sheet beam CELSI technique greatly extended the useful depth range of luminescence molecular imaging. More importantly, the light sheet microscopy approach was successfully adapted to CELSI, providing means to recover a completely attenuation-corrected 3D image of luminescent probe distribution. Gated CELSI acquisition yielded functional information of a spatially resolved oxygen concentration map of deep lying targets. This work was supported by NIH research grant R01CA109558 and R21EB017559, as well as by Pilot Grant Funds from the Norris Cotton Cancer Center.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Reliable Power Rating of Perovskite PV Modules: Preprint

As the perovskite technology is ramping up into commercialization, reliable and accurate power rating of large-size perovskite modules becomes a prominent aspect for its future deployment in the PV market. It is known that the performance calibration of perovskite PV devices is very challenging due to its complex dynamic response during a conventional current-voltage (IV) measurement. PV researchers have previously proposed several steady-state performance calibration methods to reliably extract PV efficiencies, but mostly focus on small area research-type cells. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of reliable performance calibration on large-size perovskite modules. Extending the NREL Cell and Module Performance (CMP) group’s steady-state performance calibration protocol (i.e., Asymptotic PMAX Scan) for perovskite cells to modules, we justify the necessity of reporting steady-state efficiencies for perovskite cells and discuss the challenges of applying this protocol to modules. We also present our protocol for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), which is a technique often used for performance calibration of perovskite cells and modules, and show a comparison between MPPT and Asymptotic PMAX. Using MPPT we demonstrate the interplay between metastability and degradation in perovskite modules, and emphasize the necessity to develop preconditioning protocols for stabilizing these devices. Our aim is to promote development of consensus protocols for performance calibration of perovskite modules, and to advance their credible power ratings, which will be beneficial to the growth of perovskite technology in the PV market.

41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effects of polymer grain boundary passivation on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite field-effect transistors

Despite successful applications of solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) such as archetypical methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) in high-performance optoelectronic devices including solar cells and light emitting diodes, their application in field-effect transistors (FETs) remains relatively limited due to the unresolved issues caused by ion migration in OIHPs, such as screening of gate electric fields, lowered device on-off ratios and field-effect mobility, and large hysteresis in the FET transfer characteristics. Here, we report improved performances of the MAPI-based FET via a polymer-additive-based grain boundary (GB) passivation approach that suppresses the ion migration. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was incorporated into the MAPI FET as a GB-passivation additive as confirmed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. Unlike the typical n-type behavior and large transfer hysteresis in the starting, pristine MAPI FETs, the GB passivation by PCL led to a drastically reduced hysteresis in FET transfer characteristics, while hinting at an ambipolar transport and slight improvement in mobility, indicating a reduced ion migration in the PCL-incorporated MAPI FET. The effect of PCL GB passivation in suppressing ion migration was directly confirmed by the measured, increased activation energy for ion migration in the PCL-incorporated MAPI. Here, the results not only represent the first report of the polymer-additive-based mitigation of the ion migration in the MAPI FET but also suggest potential utilities of the approach for enabling high-performance OIHP FETs and electronic devices in general.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Structural, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Hexa-ferrite-Polyaniline Nano-composites

Ferrite-polyaniline (PANI) composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of polyaniline with the general formula (1 − x) ferrite + (x) PANI where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, electrical resistivity, and dielectric measurements. X-ray diffraction reveals single phase formation of CaBaCo{sub 2}Al{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 11.5}O{sub 22} Y-type ferrite, whereas polyaniline exhibits an amorphous nature. At room temperature, the resistivity of nano-composites increases with the increase of ferrite filler contents from 3.17 × 10{sup 4} to 3.19 × 10{sup 7} Ω cm. Real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity of the PANI-ferrite composites follow the Maxwell-Wagner model. Based on the Jonscher Law, the AC conductivity of PANI-ferrite composites experiences an increase with the increase in frequency. The exponent calculated from AC conductivity reveals that the hopping is the likely conduction mechanism. The activation energy obtained from temperature-dependent measurements is consistent with room temperature resistivity. Due to the light weight, low cost and flexibility of design, the ferrite-polymer composites are considered useful for microwave devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Structural, morphological and optical investigations on BaMgAl{sub 10}O{sub 17}:Eu{sup 2+} elaborated by a microwave induced solution combustion synthesis

Graphical abstract: Graphical abstract (with Research highlights). This is a paragraph for graphical abstract. Research highlights: {yields} Synthesis of BAM:Eu{sup 2+} by MISCS using different fuel to oxidizer molar ratios. {yields} Both blue and red phosphors were obtained. {yields} Majority of blue phosphors was obtained for fuel-rich synthesis. {yields} A specific morphology was observed for each contribution. -- Abstract: Blue-emitting Eu{sup 2+}-doped barium magnesium aluminate (BaMgAl{sub 10}O{sub 17}:Eu{sup 2+}) for advanced displays and lighting devices was prepared by a microwave induced solution combustion synthesis using urea as combustion fuel and nitrates as oxidizer. Purity control of as-synthesized blue phosphor particles was undertaken by modifying the fuel to oxidizer molar ratio. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence were used to investigate powders crystallinity, particles size, morphology and luminescent properties, respectively. Fuel-rich urea reactions preferentially lead to pure phases compared to the powders synthesized with a stoichiometric fuel to oxidizer ratio. In both cases, we produce a nearly pure well-crystallized and nanostructured BaMgAl{sub 10}O{sub 17}:Eu{sup 2+}. Photoluminescence measurements exhibit the characteristic blue emission of Eu{sup 2+} under UV light excitation however a weak red emission associated to Eu{sup 3+} is also detected.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Strain effects on the work function of an organic semiconductor

Establishing fundamental relationships between strain and work function (WF) in organic semiconductors is important not only for understanding electrical properties of organic thin films, which are subject to both intrinsic and extrinsic strains, but also for developing flexible electronic devices. Here we investigate tensile and compressive strain effects on the WF of rubrene single crystals. Mechanical strain induced by thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and rubrene is quantified by X-ray diffraction. The corresponding WF change is measured by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The WF of rubrene increases (decreases) significantly with in-plane tensile (compressive) strain, which agrees qualitatively with density functional theory calculations. An elastic-to-plastic transition, characterized by a steep rise of the WF, occurs at ~0.05% tensile strain along the rubrene π-stacking direction. Lastly, the results provide the first concrete link between mechanical strain and WF of an organic semiconductor and have important implications for understanding the connection between structural and electronic disorder in soft organic electronic materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Investigation of multiferroic behavior on flakes-like BiFeO{sub 3}

In present work, multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3} was synthesized by hydrothermal route. The rhombohedral structure was confirmed X-ray diffraction pattern and data fitted with Reitveld refinement using Full-Prof software suite. SEM micrograph shows flake like morphology. Frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss were studied and detected enhancement in dielectric constant. The magnetic measurement indicates antiferromagnetic nature of BFO. P-E curve shows ferroelectic hysteresis loop with remanent polarization (2Pr) 0.3518 µC/cm{sup 2}. The dielectric anomaly observed near T{sub N} can be assigned to magnetoelectric coupling which is useful in device application.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Measuring nanoscale thermal gradients in suspended MoS2 with STEM-EELS

Transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) may see service in the heart of next-generation nanoelectronic devices, where highly localized power dissipation can produce nontrivial temperature gradients over nanometer-scale distances. Here, we demonstrate that MoS2 is a promising target for plasmon energy expansion thermometry (PEET), a high-spatial resolution temperature mapping technique employed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We first use a calibrated, commercial MEMS-style TEM sample heater chip to measure the temperature dependence of the MoS2 bulk plasmon. We corroborate the chip's temperature calibration with Raman thermometry and determine the bulk thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of MoS2 in the temperature range of 300–1100 K. Applying this TEC value to PEET measurements on a suspended MoS2 flake, we map 70–90 K/μm temperature gradients with a submicrometer spatial resolution.

Shen, Lang (ORCID:0000000297554821)↗
DOE OSTI2014

Observation of dynamic water microadsorption on Au surface

Experimental and theoretical research on water wettability, adsorption, and condensation on solid surfaces has been ongoing for many decades because of the availability of new materials, new detection and measurement techniques, novel applications, and different scales of dimensions. Au is a metal of special interest because it is chemically inert, has a high surface energy, is highly conductive, and has a relatively high melting point. It has wide applications in semiconductor integrated circuitry, microelectromechanical systems, microfluidics, biochips, jewelry, coinage, and even dental restoration. Therefore, its surface condition, wettability, wear resistance, lubrication, and friction attract a lot of attention from both scientists and engineers. In this paper, the authors experimentally investigated Au{sub 2}O{sub 3} growth, wettability, roughness, and adsorption utilizing atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, reflectance spectrometry, and contact angle measurement. Samples were made using a GaAs substrate. Utilizing a super-hydrophilic Au surface and the proper surface conditions of the surrounding GaAs, dynamic microadsorption of water on the Au surface was observed in a clean room environment. The Au surface area can be as small as 12 μm{sup 2}. The adsorbed water was collected by the GaAs groove structure and then redistributed around the structure. A model was developed to qualitatively describe the dynamic microadsorption process. The effective adsorption rate was estimated by modeling and experimental data. Devices for moisture collection and a liquid channel can be made by properly arranging the wettabilities or contact angles of different materials. These novel devices will be very useful in microfluid applications or biochips.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

SU-C-17A-03: Evaluation of Deformable Image Registration Methods Between MRI and CT for Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy

Purpose: We evaluated the performance of two commercially available and one open source B-Spline deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms between T2-weighted MRI and treatment planning CT using the DICE indices. Methods: CT simulation (CT-SIM) and MR simulation (MR-SIM) for four prostate cancer patients were conducted on the same day using the same setup and immobilization devices. CT images (120 kVp, 500 mAs, voxel size = 1.1x1.1x3.0 mm3) were acquired using an open-bore CT scanner. T2-weighted Turbo Spine Echo (T2W-TSE) images (TE/TR/α = 80/4560 ms/90°, voxel size = 0.7×0.7×2.5 mm3) were scanned on a 1.0T high field open MR-SIM. Prostates, seminal vesicles, rectum and bladders were delineated on both T2W-TSE and CT images by the attending physician. T2W-TSE images were registered to CT images using three DIR algorithms, SmartAdapt (Varian), Velocity AI (Velocity) and Elastix (Klein et al 2010) and contours were propagated. DIR results were evaluated quantitatively or qualitatively by image comparison and calculating organ DICE indices. Results: Significant differences in the contours of prostate and seminal vesicles were observed between MR and CT. On average, volume changes of the propagated contours were 5%, 2%, 160% and 8% for the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum respectively. Corresponding mean DICE indices were 0.7, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.7. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.9 among three algorithms for the Dice indices. Conclusion: Three DIR algorithms for CT/MR registration yielded similar results for organ propagation. Due to the different soft tissue contrasts between MRI and CT, organ delineation of prostate and SVs varied significantly, thus efforts to develop other DIR evaluation metrics are warranted. Conflict of interest: Submitting institution has research agreements with Varian Medical System and Philips Healthcare.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Infrared vibrational nano-crystallography and nano-imaging

Molecular solids and polymers can form low-symmetry crystal structures that exhibit anisotropic electron and ion mobility in engineered devices or biological systems. The distribution of molecular orientation and disorder then controls the macroscopic material response, yet it is difficult to image with conventional techniques on the nanoscale. We demonstrated a new form of optical nanocrystallography that combines scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with both optical antenna and tip-selective infrared vibrational spectroscopy. From the symmetry-selective probing of molecular bond orientation with nanometer spatial resolution, we determined crystalline phases and orientation in aggregates and films of the organic electronic material perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Mapping disorder within and between individual nanoscale domains, the correlative hybrid imaging of nanoscale heterogeneity provides insight into defect formation and propagation during growth in functional molecular solids.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Temperature, Time, Concentration, Annealing, and Substrates on ZnO Nanorod Arrays Growth by Hydrothermal Process on Hot Plate

Well aligned 1D ZnO nanostructures are important for optoelectronic and nanoscale electronic devices. In this report, 1D ZnO nanorods were synthesized by very simple, low cost, low temperature hydrothermal process. An effect of concentration, growth time, growth temperature, seed layer annealing, and seed layer thickness was investigated. The synthesized ZnO nanorods were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies. Growth parameters were found to influence strongly on the morphology, orientation, diameter, length, and density of the ZnO nanorod arrays. The growth temperature 80–90°C, seed layer annealing at 300–400°C, growth time 3 h, 0.025 M precursor concentration, and 0.2–0.3 M seed layer solution concentrations are more favorable conditions for better orientation and excellent crystallinity of the ZnO nanorods.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

AFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/(Pb{sub 0.80}Sr{sub 0.20})TiO{sub 3} (A = Mn, Ni and Co): a New Room-Temperature Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Bi-layered Composite Films

The room temperature and magnetic field-dependent dielectric, impedance and magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect of polycrystalline AFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/(Pb{sub 0.80}Sr{sub 0.20})TiO{sub 3} (A = Mn, Ni and Co) bi-layered composite films have been investigated. The structural and microstructural analyses using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal the presence of homogenous growth of both tetragonal and spinel phases without any extra phase and diffusion in the AFO/PST20 bi-layered composite films. Our results show that all composite films exhibit ferroelectric as well as considerable magnetic, indicating magnetoelectric coupling effect. Our results show that the dielectric and impedance properties of AFO/PST20 bi-layered composite films can be manipulated by the magnetic field at room temperature, also indicating the existence of magnetoelectric coupling. The impedance (Z{sup ′} and Z{sup ″}) Nyquist plots show distinct electrical responses with the magnetic field. The maximum magnetoelectric coefficient (α) is found to be α{sub ME}∼ 239 and ∼ 195 mV/cm/Oe for the MFO/PST20 and CFO/PST20 bi-layered composite films, respectively. The above results show that the AFO/PST20 bi-layered composite films are room-temperature multiferroic material that can be potentially used in magnetoelectric devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Magnetic MoS 2 Interface Monolayer on a CdS Nanowire by Cation Exchange

MoS 2 atomic layers have recently attracted much interest because of their two-dimensional structure as well as tunable optical, electrical, and mechanical properties for next-generation electronic and electro-optical devices. We have achieved facile fabrication of MoS 2 thin films on CdS nanowires by cation exchange in solution at room temperature and importantly observed their extraordinary magnetic properties. We establish the atomic structure of the MoS 2 /CdS heterostructure by taking atomic images of the MoS 2 /CdS interface as well as performing first-principles density functional geometry optimizations and scanning transmission electron microscopy annular dark field image simulations. Furthermore, our first-principles density functional calculations for the MoS 2 /CdS heterostructure reveal that the magnetism in the MoS 2 /CdS heterostructure stems from the ferromagnetic MoS 2 monolayer next to the MoS 2 /CdS interface. The ferromagnetism is attributed to the partial occupation of the Mo d x 2 –y 2 /d xy conduction band in the interfacial MoS 2 monolayer caused by the mixed covalent–ionic bonding among the MoS 2 and CdS monolayers near the MoS 2 /CdS interface. Finally, these findings of the ferromagnetic MoS 2 monolayer with large spin polarization at the MoS 2 /semiconductor interface suggest a new route for fabrication of the transition metal dichalcogenide-based magnetic semiconductor multilayers for applications in spintronic devices.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Neutron radiation hardness of aluminum gallium nitride UV LEDs at various wavelengths

Radiation hard diagnostics are critical to the success of nuclear fusion at National Ignition Facility, Z, ITER, and prolonged space explorations. We have first demonstrated the exceptional proton radiation hardness of initial GaN devices and qualified their space flight and deployment for missions such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and International Space Station. We have further conducted neutron radiation hardness experiments at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center by opening a new high fluence beam station. During 2014–2016, we irradiated multiple Aluminum Gallium Nitride (AlGaN) LEDs with a maximum fluence of 2.4 × 1013 neutrons/cm2 in 3 years and generated 54 161 current–voltage (I–V) scan traces. Our data processing program analyzes each and all I–V traces. In addition, we retrieved local temperature records to analyze and remove temperature effects in the outdoor environment. The I–V curve families of AlGaN UV LEDs with emitting wavelengths of 265, 275, and 310 nm were compared. The I–V curves of 265 nm AlGaN UV LEDs have the smallest deviations from the average value, while the I–V curves for 310 nm AlGaN LEDs showed the largest deviations from the average value. We have reached another important recommendation for the optimal use of multiple AlGaN optoelectronic devices or imaging arrays for inertially confined fusion diagnostics: Shorter wavelength devices at 265 nm exhibit more consistent radiation hardness performance than the 310 nm devices. Higher aluminum content LEDs or AlxGa1–xN devices with higher mole fraction x for generating shorter wavelengths have better radiation hardness for fusion diagnostics.

Sun, K. -X. (ORCID:0000000224659235)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Reliable Power Rating of Perovskite PV Modules

As the perovskite technology is ramping up into commercialization, reliable and accurate power rating of large-size perovskite modules becomes a prominent aspect for its future deployment in the PV market. It is known that the performance calibration of perovskite PV devices is very challenging due to its complex dynamic response during a conventional current-voltage (IV) measurement. PV researchers have previously proposed several steady-state performance calibration methods to reliably extract PV efficiencies, but mostly focus on small area research-type cells. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of reliable performance calibration on large-size perovskite modules. Extending the NREL Cell and Module Performance (CMP) group's steady-state performance calibration protocol (i.e., Asymptotic P MAX Scan) for perovskite cells to modules, we justify the necessity of reporting steady-state efficiencies for perovskite cells and discuss the challenges of applying this protocol to modules. We also present our protocol for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), which is a technique often used for performance calibration of perovskite cells and modules, and show a comparison between MPPT and Asymptotic P MAX . Using MPPT we demonstrate the interplay between metastability and degradation in perovskite modules, and emphasize the necessity to develop preconditioning protocols for stabilizing these devices. Our aim is to promote development of consensus protocols for performance calibration of perovskite modules, and to advance their credible power ratings, which will be beneficial to the growth of perovskite technology in the PV market.

perovskite↗
DOE OSTI2021

Self-Assembled BaTiO 3 –Au x Ag 1– x Low-Loss Hybrid Plasmonic Metamaterials with an Ordered “Nano-Domino-like” Microstructure

Metallic plasmonic hybrid nanostructures have attracted enormous research interest due to the combined physical properties coming from different material components and the broad range of applications in nanophotonic and electronic devices. However, the high loss and narrow range of property tunability of the metallic hybrid materials have limited their practical applications. In this study, a metallic alloy-based self-assembled plasmonic hybrid nanostructure, i.e., a BaTiO 3 –Au x Ag 1– x (BTO) vertically aligned nanocomposite, has been integrated by a templated growth method for low-loss plasmonic systems. Comprehensive microstructural characterizations including high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and three-dimensional (3D) electron tomography demonstrate the formation of an ordered “nano-domino-like” morphology with Au 0.4 Ag 0.6 nanopillars as cylindrical cores and BTO as square shells. By comparing with the BTO–Au hybrid thin film, the BTO–Au 0.4 Ag 0.6 alloyed film exhibits much broader plasmon resonance, hyperbolic dispersion, low-loss, and thermally robust features in the UV–vis–NIR wavelength region. This study provides a feasible platform for a complex alloyed plasmonic hybrid material design with low-loss and highly tunable optical properties toward all-optical integrated devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗