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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Models, In situ, and Remote sensing of Aerosols (MIRA)

There is a natural partitioning of scientific interest amongst three specialties of aerosol research: modeling, in situ measurements, and remote sensing. The community sees enhanced measurement capabilities when these groups interact, and this strengthens the overall scientific impact on climate and air quality. The Models, In situ, and Remote sensing of Aerosols (MIRA) working group connects members of the different aerosol communities through collaborative projects. What is MIRA? MIRA is a forum that fosters international collaborations amongst the aerosol specialties. MIRA is also a collection of interdisciplinary projects with clear goals that are pursued by small working groups. Finally, MIRA projects are generally characterized by requests for additional scientific data (both observational and modeled). Why? The purpose of MIRA is to contextualize both observations and model results through the encouragement of holistic projects and collaborations. How does MIRA differ from other projects? MIRA focuses on interdisciplinarity to improve measurements and their utility, so MIRA complements the activities of other groups. For example, ensemble model runs of AeroCom could be used in a MIRA project with greater robustness than a similar effort that uses single-model analyses. We present a description of MIRA and brief descriptions of some of the current MIRA topics, which include Satellite-Assisted Particulate Matter (SAPM), Mapping of Aerosol lidar ratios for CALIPSO (MAC), Tables of Aerosol Optics (TAO), and the Harmonization of aerosol Assimilation Models and Retrievals (HAMR). Finally, we discuss the immediate science goals and organization of MIRA. See https://science.larc.nasa.gov/mira-wg/ for more information.

Travis Toth↗
NASA NTRS2009

Detection, Identification, Location, and Remote Sensing using SAW RFID Sensor Tags

In this presentation, we will consider the problem of simultaneous detection, identification, location estimation, and remote sensing for multiple objects. In particular, we will describe the design and testing of a wireless system capable of simultaneously detecting the presence of multiple objects, identifying each object, and acquiring both a low-resolution estimate of location and a high-resolution estimate of temperature for each object based on wireless interrogation of passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) radiofrequency identification (RFID) sensor tags affixed to each object. The system is being studied for application on the lunar surface as well as for terrestrial remote sensing applications such as pre-launch monitoring and testing of spacecraft on the launch pad and monitoring of test facilities. The system utilizes a digitally beam-formed planar receiving antenna array to extend range and provide direction-of-arrival information coupled with an approximate maximum-likelihood signal processing algorithm to provide near-optimal estimation of both range and temperature. The system is capable of forming a large number of beams within the field of view and resolving the information from several tags within each beam. The combination of both spatial and waveform discrimination provides the capability to track and monitor telemetry from a large number of objects appearing simultaneously within the field of view of the receiving array. In the presentation, we will summarize the system design and illustrate several aspects of the operational characteristics and signal structure. We will examine the theoretical performance characteristics of the system and compare the theoretical results with results obtained from experiments in both controlled laboratory environments and in the field.

Barton, Richard J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The application of remote sensing to resource management and environmental quality programs in Kansas

Specific assistance to state agencies and public bodies on over 15 remote sensing projects concerned with (1) urban and regional analysis, (2) rural development, and (3) habitat management and environmental analysis is discussed. Specific problems of officials are considered and a basis for communication by demonstration is provided. In addition to data products in support of specific agency projects; consultation and training in use of satellite and aircraft imagery is provided to personnel from several state, regional, and county agencies. Effective communication and confidence is established through these efforts and users now routinely seek information and advice about the application of remote sensing technology to solution of their agency problems.

Barr, B. G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Remote Sensing Spinoff

Delta Data Systems Inc., founded by ex-NASA engineers, used ELAS, a COSMIC-provided computer program for processing remotely sensed data as a starting point for its development of ATLAS. ATLAS is used to process satellite and aircraft data, to digitize soil topographic maps, and to generate land use maps. Among its applications are medical digital processing, food processing, and specialized services for the remote sensing community.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2014

Remote Sensing of Above Cloud Aerosols

The direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols suspended in the atmosphere above clouds (ACA) are a highly uncertain component of both regional and global climate. Much of this uncertainty is observational in nature most orbital remote sensing algorithms were not designed to simultaneously retrieve aerosol and cloud optical properties in the same vertical column. Thus the climate modeling community has limited data to inform model development efforts, which encapsulate the current understanding of climate. Furthermore, field measurements have identified regions with consistent ACA, and regional simulations show that the radiative forcing may be significant. For this reason, there has been a recent push to develop the ability to determine ACA distribution, optical properties and cloud interactions, while also providing a means to validate models. Several algorithms have been created that utilize existing instruments for these purposes. However, the observational data sources, algorithm characteristics, geophysical assumptions and retrieved products from these methods are highly variable. This chapter is a review of these techniques, their uncertainties, and the associated validation efforts. We will also discuss the future of ACA remote sensing, both with regards to new instruments and the potential for new algorithms.

Aerosols↗
NASA NTRS1982

Advanced multispectral remote sensing technology and applications; Proceedings of the Conference, Arlington, VA, May 6, 7, 1982

Sensor system concepts are discussed, taking into account a multispectral linear array instrument design, an improved earth resources sensing instrument, design tradeoffs for a multispectral linear array instrument, imaging spectrometer technologies for advanced earth remote sensing, and the design concept for an optimized earth radiation budget sensor. Topics related to supporting optics and signal processing methodologies are explored, giving attention to two mirror objective design for multispectral remote sensing, the measurement of optical modulation functions in sparsely sampled mosaic focal plane arrays, multispectral linear array focal plane signal processing, signal processing for the NASA multispectral linear array, the concept for a multiple resolution pushbroom sensor, and the evolution of the octal radiometer. Techniques and applications for multispectral data are considered along with aspects of focal plane technology.

Ando, K. J.↗
NASA NTRS2006

"One-Stop Shopping" for Ocean Remote-Sensing and Model Data

OurOcean Portal 2.0 (http:// ourocean.jpl.nasa.gov) is a software system designed to enable users to easily gain access to ocean observation data, both remote-sensing and in-situ, configure and run an Ocean Model with observation data assimilated on a remote computer, and visualize both the observation data and the model outputs. At present, the observation data and models focus on the California coastal regions and Prince William Sound in Alaska. This system can be used to perform both real-time and retrospective analyses of remote-sensing data and model outputs. OurOcean Portal 2.0 incorporates state-of-the-art information technologies (IT) such as MySQL database, Java Web Server (Apache/Tomcat), Live Access Server (LAS), interactive graphics with Java Applet at the Client site and MatLab/GMT at the server site, and distributed computing. OurOcean currently serves over 20 real-time or historical ocean data products. The data are served in pre-generated plots or their native data format. For some of the datasets, users can choose different plotting parameters and produce customized graphics. OurOcean also serves 3D Ocean Model outputs generated by ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System) using LAS. The Live Access Server (LAS) software, developed by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is a configurable Web-server program designed to provide flexible access to geo-referenced scientific data. The model output can be views as plots in horizontal slices, depth profiles or time sequences, or can be downloaded as raw data in different data formats, such as NetCDF, ASCII, Binary, etc. The interactive visualization is provided by graphic software, Ferret, also developed by PMEL. In addition, OurOcean allows users with minimal computing resources to configure and run an Ocean Model with data assimilation on a remote computer. Users may select the forcing input, the data to be assimilated, the simulation period, and the output variables and submit the model to run on a backend parallel computer. When the run is complete, the output will be added to the LAS server for

Li, P. Peggy↗
NASA NTRS1984

The future of satellite remote sensing: A worldwide assessment and prediction

A frame-work in which to assess and predict the future prospects for satellite remote sensing markets is provided. The scope of the analysis is the satellite-related market for data, equipment, and services. It encompasses both domestic and international markets and contains an examination of the various market characteristics by market segment (e.g., Federal Government, State and Local Governments, Academic Organizations, Industrial Companies, and Individuals) and primary applications areas (e.g., Geology, Forestry, Land Resource Management, Agriculture and Cartography). The forecasts are derived from an analysis of both U.S. and foreign market data. The evolution and current status of U.S. and Foreign markets to arrive at market growth rates is evaluated. Circumstances and events which are likely to affect the future market development are examined. A market growth scenario is presented that is consistent with past data sales trends and takes into account the dynamic nature of the future satellite remote sensing market. Several areas of current and future business opportunities available in this market are discussed. Specific worldwide forecasts are presented in three market sectors for the period 1980 to 1990.

Spann, G. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Remote sensing of high-latitude ionization profiles by ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation

Ionospheric specification and modeling are now largely based on data provided by active remote sensing with radiowave techniques (ionosondes, incoherent-scatter radars, and satellite beacons). More recently, passive remote sensing techniques have been developed that can be used to monitor quantitatively the spatial distribution of high-latitude E-region ionization. These passive methods depend on the measurement, or inference, of the energy distribution of precipitating kilovolt electrons, the principal source of the nighttime E-region at high latitudes. To validate these techniques, coordinated measurements of the auroral ionosphere have been made with the Chatanika incoherent-scatter radar and a variety of ground-based and spaceborne sensors

Vondrak, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Enhancement of Capabilities in Hyperspectral and Radar Remote Sensing for Environmental Assessment and Monitoring

The University of Utah, Department of Geography has developed a research and instructional program in satellite remote sensing and image processing. The University requested funds for the purchase of software licenses, mass storage for massive hyperspectral imager data sets, upgrades for the central data server to handle the additional storage capacity, a spectroradiometer for field data collection. These purchases have been made. This equipment will support research in one of the newest and most rapidly expanding areas of remote sensing.

Hepner, George F.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Establishing Calibration Standards for Remote Sensing Retrievals of Greenhouse Gases

While in situ greenhouse gas measurements have a concrete calibration standard, establishing a similar standard for remote sensing retrievals remains challenging. As the constellation of greenhouse gas observing satellites grows, such a standard is essential to ensure data are of the quality necessary to support scientific and policy applications. A primary goal of NASA's Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT) - America aircraft campaign is to evaluate column CO2 retrievals from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) through coordinated underflights. The campaign also includes airborne lidar instruments that measure the amount of CO2 and CH4 below the aircraft. This presentation introduces a system that establishes calibration standards for OCO-2 and lidar retrievals based on in situ data from the ACT-America campaign. The system assimilates the in situ data into NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) to produce high-resolution, two-dimensional transects of CO2 along the flight path which we refer to as curtains. Excluding the ability to sample the entire atmosphere at once, any such analysis must make assumptions about the connection of measurements at different places and times to a given retrieval. We chose to use the GEOS general circulation model forced by meteorology from its data assimilation system because their scientific merits are extensively documented. Furthermore, in areas rich in data, the assimilated curtains approach a field constrained by data alone. Where data are lacking, e.g., the stratosphere, age of air and other transport diagnostics can be used to quantify the uncertainty introduced by the model. Given these uncertainties, we can determine the uncertainties of the curtains and thus our ability to evaluate remote sensing instruments. Here, we demonstrate this for several flights over North America and discuss possible applications to upcoming missions, e.g., GeoCarb.

Weir, B.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Tectonics and Volcanism of East Africa as Seen Using Remote Sensing Imagery

The East African Rift is the largest area of active continental geology. The tectonics of this area has been studied with remote sensing data, including AVHRR, Landsat MSS and TM, SPOT, and electronic still camera from Shuttle. Lineation trends have been compared to centers of volcanic and earthquake activity as well as the trends shown on existing geologic maps. Remote sensing data can be used effectively to reveal and analyze significant tectonic features in this area.

Hutt, Duncan John↗
NASA NTRS2004

Planetary Remote Sensing Science Enabled by MIDAS (Multiple Instrument Distributed Aperture Sensor)

The science capabilities and features of an innovative and revolutionary approach to remote sensing imaging systems, aimed at increasing the return on future space science missions many fold, are described. Our concept, called Multiple Instrument Distributed Aperture Sensor (MIDAS), provides a large-aperture, wide-field, diffraction-limited telescope at a fraction of the cost, mass and volume of conventional telescopes, by integrating optical interferometry technologies into a mature multiple aperture array concept that addresses one of the highest needs for advancing future planetary science remote sensing.

Pitman, Joe↗
NASA NTRS1974

The economic value of remote sensing of earth resources from space: An ERTS overview and the value of continuity of service. Volume 9: Oceans

The impact of remote sensing upon marine activities and oceanography is presented. The present capabilities of the current Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1), as demonstrated by the principal investigators are discussed. Cost savings benefits are quantified in the area of nautical and hygrographic mapping and charting. Benefits are found in aiding coastal zone management and in the fields of weather (marine) prediction, fishery harvesting and management, and potential uses for ocean vegetation. Difficulties in quantification are explained, the primary factor being that remotely sensed information will be of greater benefit as input to forecasting models which have not yet been constructed.

Lietzke, K. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The investigation of advanced remote sensing, radiative transfer and inversion techniques for the measurement of atmospheric constituents

The research program is documented for developing space and ground-based remote sensing techniques performed during the period from December 15, 1977 to March 15, 1985. The program involved the application of sophisticated radiative transfer codes and inversion methods to various advanced remote sensing concepts for determining atmospheric constituents, particularly aerosols. It covers detailed discussions of the solar aureole technique for monitoring columnar aerosol size distribution, and the multispectral limb scattered radiance and limb attenuated radiance (solar occultation) techniques, as well as the upwelling scattered solar radiance method for determining the aerosol and gaseous characteristics. In addition, analytical models of aerosol size distribution and simulation studies of the limb solar aureole radiance technique and the variability of ozone at high altitudes during satellite sunrise/sunset events are also described in detail.

Deepak, Adarsh↗
NASA NTRS1977

An information system design for watershed-wide modeling of water loss to the atmosphere using remote sensing techniques

Results are presented of a study intended to develop a general location-specific remote-sensing procedure for watershed-wide estimation of water loss to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration. The general approach involves a stepwise sequence of required information definition (input data), appropriate sample design, mathematical modeling, and evaluation of results. More specifically, the remote sensing-aided system developed to evaluate evapotranspiration employs a basic two-stage two-phase sample of three information resolution levels. Based on the discussed design, documentation, and feasibility analysis to yield timely, relatively accurate, and cost-effective evapotranspiration estimates on a watershed or subwatershed basis, work is now proceeding to implement this remote sensing-aided system.

Khorram, S.↗