Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Regularization”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Interaction of a finite train of short pulses with an atomic ladder system

When a train of optical pulses interacts with a medium, the time between pulses and the pulse-to-pulse phase jump have a profound effect on the outcome of the interaction. For a near-infinite train of regularly separated pulses having a constant pulse-to-pulse phase jump, as in the output of a frequency comb laser interacting with a ladder system, excitation of that system has been previously calculated and compared with experiment. In that case, the number of pulses in the train is very large, and the energy per pulse is very small. In the present work, the other extreme is experimentally examined: A small number of regularly spaced optical pulses are made to interact with a three-level ladder system in atomic rubidium. The pulses have been amplified, possibly placing the interactions into a nonperturbative regime. The experimental results are compared to a simple intuitive model and found to be in good general agreement. However, some aspects of the experimental results seem to be at odds with the simple model.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Casimir force between integrable and chaotic pistons

We have computed numerically the Casimir force between two identical pistons inside a very long cylinder, considering different shapes for the pistons. The pistons can be considered quantum billiards, whose spectrum determines the vacuum force. The smooth part of the spectrum fixes the force at short distances and depends only on geometric quantities like the area or perimeter of the piston. However, correcting terms to the force, coming from the oscillating part of the spectrum which is related to the classical dynamics of the billiard, could be qualitatively different for classically integrable or chaotic systems. We have performed a detailed numerical analysis of the corresponding Casimir force for pistons with regular and chaotic classical dynamics. For a family of stadium billiards, we have found that the correcting part of the Casimir force presents a sudden change in the transition from regular to chaotic geometries. This suggests that there could be signatures of quantum chaos in the Casimir effect.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Coupled-cluster method: A lattice-path-based subsystem approximation scheme for quantum lattice models

An approximation hierarchy, called the lattice-path-based subsystem (LPSUBm) approximation scheme, is described for the coupled-cluster method (CCM). It is applicable to systems defined on a regular spatial lattice. We then apply it to two well-studied prototypical (spin-(1/2) Heisenberg antiferromagnetic) spin-lattice models, namely, the XXZ and the XY models on the square lattice in two dimensions. Results are obtained in each case for the ground-state energy, the ground-state sublattice magnetization, and the quantum critical point. They are all in good agreement with those from such alternative methods as spin-wave theory, series expansions, quantum Monte Carlo methods, and the CCM using the alternative lattice-animal-based subsystem (LSUBm) and the distance-based subsystem (DSUBm) schemes. Each of the three CCM schemes (LSUBm, DSUBm, and LPSUBm) for use with systems defined on a regular spatial lattice is shown to have its own advantages in particular applications.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Two-particle quantum walks: Entanglement and graph isomorphism testing

We study discrete-time quantum walks on the line and on general undirected graphs with two interacting or noninteracting particles. We introduce two simple interaction schemes and show that they both lead to a diverse range of probability distributions that depend on the correlations and relative phases between the initial coin states of the two particles. We investigate the characteristics of these quantum walks and the time evolution of the entanglement between the two particles from both separable and entangled initial states. We also test the capability of two-particle discrete-time quantum walks to distinguish nonisomorphic graphs. For strongly regular graphs, we show that noninteracting discrete-time quantum walks can distinguish some but not all nonisomorphic graphs with the same family parameters. By incorporating an interaction between the two particles, all nonisomorphic strongly regular graphs tested are successfully distinguished.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Bound-state properties of four-body muonic quasiatoms

Total energies and various bound-state properties are determined for the ground states in all six four-body muonic a{sup +}b{sup +}{mu}{sup -}e{sup -} quasiatoms. These quasiatoms contain two nuclei of the hydrogen isotopes p{sup +},d{sup +},t{sup +}, one negatively charged muon {mu}{sup -}, and one electron e{sup -}. In general, each of the four-body muonic a{sup +}b{sup +}{mu}{sup -}e{sup -} quasiatoms, where (a,b)=(p,d,t), can be considered as the regular one-electron (hydrogen) atom with the complex nucleus a{sup +}b{sup +}{mu}{sup -} that has a finite number of bound states. Furthermore, all properties of such quasinuclei a{sup +}b{sup +}{mu}{sup -} are determined from highly accurate computations performed for the three-body muonic ions a{sup +}b{sup +}{mu}{sup -} with the use of pure Coulomb interaction potentials between particles. It is shown that the bound-state spectra of such quasiatoms are similar to the spectrum of the regular hydrogen atom, but there are a few important differences. Such differences can be used in future experiments to improve the overall accuracy of current evaluations of various properties of hydrogenlike systems, including the lowest-order relativistic and quantum electrodynamics corrections to the total energies.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectroscopy of Ba andBa+deposits in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Progress on a method of barium tagging for the nEXO double beta decay experiment is reported. Absorption and emission spectra for deposits of barium atoms and ions in solid xenon matrices are presented. Excitation spectra for prominent emission lines, temperature dependence, and bleaching of the fluorescence reveal the existence of different matrix sites. A regular series of sharp lines observed in Ba + deposits is identified with some type of barium hydride molecule. Lower limits for the fluorescence quantum efficiency of the principal Ba emission transition are reported. Under current conditions, an image of fewer than or equal to 10 4 Ba atoms can be obtained. Prospects for imaging single Ba atoms in solid xenon are discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Schwinger-variational-principle theory of collisions in the presence of multiple potentials

A theoretical method for treating collisions in the presence of multiple potentials is developed by employing the Schwinger variational principle. The current treatment agrees with the local (regularized) frame transformation theory and extends its capabilities. Specifically, the Schwinger variational approach gives results without the divergences that need to be regularized in other methods. Furthermore, it provides a framework to identify the origin of these singularities and possibly improve the local frame transformation. Here, we have used the method to obtain the scattering parameters for different confining potentials symmetric in x,y. The method is also used to treat photodetachment processes in the presence of various confining potentials, thereby highlighting effects of the infinitely many closed channels. Two general features predicted are the vanishing of the total photoabsorption probability at every channel threshold and the occurrence of resonances below the channel thresholds for negative scattering lengths. In addition, the case of negative-ion photodetachment in the presence of uniform magnetic fields is also considered where unique features emerge at large scattering lengths.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Free energy and specific heat near a quantum critical point of a metal

We analyze the free energy and the specific heat for fermions interacting with a gapless boson at a quantum-critical point (QCP) in a metal. We use the Luttinger-Ward-Eliashberg formula for the free energy in the normal state, which includes contributions from bosons, fermions, and their interaction, all expressed via fully dressed fermionic and bosonic propagators. The sum of the last two contributions is the free energy F γ of an effective low-energy model of fermions with boson-mediated dynamical 4-fermion interaction V(Ω m ) ∝ 1/|Ω m | γ (the γ model). This purely electronic model has been used to analyze the interplay between non-Fermi liquid behavior and pairing near a QCP, which are both independent of the upper energy cutoff Λ. However, the specific heat C γ (T), obtained from F γ , does depend on Λ. We argue that this dependence is spurious and cancels out, once we include the contribution from bosons. We further argue that the full C(T) is the sum of the contribution from free fermions and the one from a critical boson, with the fully dressed propagator, other terms cancel out. We compare the full C(T) with the C γ (T), obtained using recently proposed regularization of F γ . We argue that for γ < 1, the full C(T) and the regularized C γ (T) differ by a γ-dependent prefactor, while for γ > 1, the full C(T) and C γ (T) differ by the positive contribution from free massless fermions (a positive constant for the electron-phonon case γ = 2). For these γ, C γ (T) is negative, but the full C(T) is positive. We argue that only the full C(T) matters as the positive and the negative contributions originate from the term in C(T) which contains the fully dressed bosonic propagator. Here, we then argue that the normal state remains stable until the pairing instability develops.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Optically induced umklapp shift currents in striped cuprates

Motivated by recent experiments that observed low-frequency second-order optical responses in doped striped superconductors, here we investigate the nonlinear electrodynamics of systems exhibiting a charge density wave (CDW) order parameter. Due to the Bragg scattering off the CDW order, an incoming spatially homogeneous electric field in addition to zero momentum current generates umklapp currents that are modulated in space at momenta of the reciprocal CDW lattice. In particular, here we predict and microscopically evaluate the umklapp shift current, a finite momentum analog of the regular shift current which represents the second-order optical process that downconverts homogeneous AC electric field into low-frequency, zero momentum current. Specifically, we evaluate real-time response functions within mean-field theory via the Keldysh technique and use the Peierls substitution to compute observables at finite momenta in lattice models. We find that systems with certain lattice symmetries (such as inversion symmetry), where the regular shift current is disallowed, may give rise to the umklapp one. We apply our framework to investigate lattice symmetries in layered materials with helical-like stripes and show that both types of shift currents provide insight into the nature of intertwined phases of matter. Finally, we discuss the relation of our findings to recent experiments in striped superconductors. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Materials Science↗
DOE OSTI2011

Self-organized superconducting textures in thin films.

The interplay between the superconducting order parameter and elastic fields, which are intimately connected to the very existence of the superconductivity itself, can result in a novel superconducting state: a regular self-organized texture of superconducting islands. We study the formation of these islands in a system of a thin superconducting film coupled elastically to a more rigid substrate and derive the phase diagram below the superconducting critical temperature depending on the elastic coupling constant of both subsystems. The fact that this pattern is a result of the Ginzburg-Landau description of superconductivity indicates that the formation of regular structures may be a common feature of the superconductor transition in the presence of long-range coupling.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effective field theory for dilute Fermi systems at fourth order

We discuss high-order calculations in perturbative effective field theory for fermions at low energy scales. The Fermi-momentum or k F a s as expansion for the ground-state energy of the dilute Fermi gas is calculated to fourth order, both in cutoff regularization and in dimensional regularization. For the case of spin one-half fermions we find from a Bayesian analysis that the expansion is well converged at this order for |k F a s |≲ 0.5. Furthermore, we show that Padé-Borel resummations can improve the convergence for |k F a s |≲ 1. Here, our results provide important constraints for nonperturbative calculations of ultracold atoms and dilute neutron matter.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Properties of giant dipole resonances within an extended pairing model with a focus on spectral statistics

In this paper, we report on a study of the spectral features associated with dipole resonances in medium mass nuclei (E ≤ 12 MeV), as revealed in the framework of the spd-interacting boson model. The effect of pairing correlations on the theory follows from solutions obtained through an application of the Bethe Ansatz Equation. In general, calculated spectra around the critical point of the vibrational to γ-soft transitions appears to approach that of a Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, while near the rotational and vibrational limits of the theory the spectra show more regular behavior. Specifically, the results reveal that the statistical features of the spectra are sensitive to the vector boson pairing strength, c p , in the transition region; that is, when c p is zero, or when the system approaches one of its dynamical symmetries limits the spectrum display regular features, while for stronger c p values, or when near to the critical phase transition region, the spectral feature show more chaotic behavior. Overall, our results indicate that the statistical features are governed by the interplay between dipole resonant energies, pairing correlations, and interactions between and among the single and vector bosons modes of the theory. As part of this work we also found out that chaoticity occurs when results were fit to a Berry-Robnik distribution. Throughout our analyses, we used experimentally known information about both positive and negative parity states. Our findings suggest that dipole resonances appear to be best-described by Poisson statistics for A ≈ 32-138 nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Calculations of the $np→dγ$ reaction in chiral effective field theory

Here, we present a calculation of the radiative capture cross section of the $np→dγ$ reaction in the low-energy range, where the M⁢1 reaction channel dominates. Employing the LENPIC nucleon-nucleon interaction up to the fifth order (N4LO) that is regularized by the semilocal coordinate space regulators, we obtain the initial and final state wave functions, and evaluate the phase shifts of the scattering state and deuteron properties. We derive the transition operator from the chiral effective field theory up to the next-to-next-to leading order (N2LO), where we also regularize the transition operator using regulators consistent with those of the interactions. We compute the capture cross sections, and the results show a converging pattern with the chiral-order expansion of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, where the regulator dependence of the results is weak when higher-order nucleon-nucleon interactions are employed. We quantify the uncertainties of the cross-section results due to the chiral-order truncation. The chirally complete and consistent cross-section results are calculated up to N2LO and they compare well with the experiments and other theoretical predictions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Magnetic moments of A = 3 nuclei obtained from chiral effective field theory operators

Chiral effective field theory (χEFT) provides a framework for obtaining internucleon interactions in a systematically improvable fashion from first principles, while also providing for the derivation of consistent electroweak current operators. In this study, we apply consistently derived interactions and currents towards calculating the magnetic dipole moments of the A = 3 systems 3 H and 3 He. We focus here on LENPIC interactions obtained using semilocal coordinate-space (SCS) regularization. Starting from the momentum-space representation of the LENPIC χEFT vector current, we derive the SCS-regularized magnetic dipole operator up through next-to-next-to-leading order (N 2 LO). We then carry out no-core shell-model calculations for 3 H and 3 He systems using the SCS LENPIC interaction at N 2 LO in χEFT and evaluate the magnetic dipole moments obtained using the consistently derived one-nucleon and two-nucleon electromagnetic currents. As anticipated by prior results with χEFT currents, the current corrections through N 2 LO provide improved, but not yet complete, agreement with experiment for the 3 H and 3 He magnetic dipole moments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

High-spin spectroscopy in {sup 125}Xe

Levels excited up to 39.8 MeV and 119/2 units of angular momentum have been populated in {sup 125}Xe by the {sup 82}Se({sup 48}Ca,5n){sup 125}Xe reaction. High-fold {gamma}-ray coincidence events were measured using the Gammasphere Ge detector array. Nine regular rotational bands extending from levels identified previously up to almost 60 ({h_bar}/2{pi}) have been identified, and three of these have been connected to low-lying levels having well-established spins and parities. Configurations have been assigned to six of the bands based on alignment properties, band crossings, and comparison with theoretical cranked shell model calculations (CSM). Transition quadrupole moments have been measured for these bands in the spin range 31-55 ({h_bar}/2{pi}) and were found to be in agreement with the CSM calculations. The corresponding quadrupole deformation {epsilon}{sub 2} ranges from 0.28 to 0.34 at a {gamma} deformation of 0 deg. and from 0.29 to 0.36 at a {gamma} value of 5 deg.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Nuclear three-body problem in the complex energy plane: Complex-scaling Slater method

The physics of open quantum systems is an interdisciplinary area of research. The nuclear “openness” manifests itself through the presence of the many-body continuum representing various decay, scattering, and reaction channels. As the radioactive nuclear beam experimentation extends the known nuclear landscape toward the particle drip lines, the coupling to the continuum space becomes exceedingly more important. Of particular interest are weakly bound and unbound nuclear states appearing around particle thresholds. Theories of such nuclei must take into account their open quantum nature. To describe open quantum systems, we introduce a complex-scaling (CS) approach in the Slater basis. We benchmark it with the complex-energy Gamow shell model (GSM) by studying energies and wave functions of the bound and unbound states of the two-neutron halo nucleus 6 He viewed as an $α + n + n$ cluster system. Both CS and GSM approaches are applied to a translationally invariant Hamiltonian with the two-body interaction approximated by the finite-range central Minnesota force. In the CS approach, we use the Slater basis, which exhibits the correct asymptotic behavior at large distances. To extract particle densities from the back-rotated CS solutions, we apply the Tikhonov regularization procedure, which minimizes the ultraviolet numerical noise. In this paper, we show that the CS-Slater method is both accurate and efficient. Its equivalence to the GSM approach has been demonstrated numerically for both energies and wave functions of 6 He. One important technical aspect of our calculation was to fully retrieve the correct asymptotic behavior of a resonance state from the complex-scaled (square-integrable) wave function. While standard applications of the inverse complex transformation to the complex-rotated solution provide unstable results, the stabilization method fully reproduces the GSM benchmark. We also propose a method to determine the smoothing parameter of the Tikhonov regularization. The combined suite of CS-Slater and GSM techniques has many attractive features when applied to nuclear problems involving weakly bound and unbound states. While both methods can describe energies, total widths, and wave functions of nuclear states, the CS-Slater method—if it can be applied—can provide additional information about partial energy widths associated with individual thresholds.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Local chiral potentials with Δ -intermediate states and the structure of light nuclei

In this paper, we present fully local versions of the minimally nonlocal nucleon-nucleon potentials constructed in a previous paper [Piarulli et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, 024003 (2015)], and use them in hypersperical harmonics and quantum Monte Carlo calculations of ground and excited states of $^3$H, $^3$He, $^4$He, $^6$He, and $^6$Li nuclei. The long-range part of these local potentials includes one- and two-pion exchange contributions without and with $\Delta$-isobars in the intermediate states up to order $Q^3$ ($Q$ denotes generically the low momentum scale) in the chiral expansion, while the short-range part consists of contact interactions up to order $Q^4$. The low-energy constants multiplying these contact interactions are fitted to the 2013 Granada database in two different ranges of laboratory energies, either 0–125 MeV or 0–200 MeV, and to the deuteron binding energy and $nn$ singlet scattering length. Fits to these data are performed for three models characterized by long- and short-range cutoffs, $R_{\rm L}$ and $R_{\rm S}$, respectively, ranging from $(R_{\rm L},R_{\rm S})=(1.2,0.8)$ fm down to $(0.8,0.6)$ fm. Finally, the long-range (short-range) cutoff regularizes the one- and two-pion exchange (contact) part of the potential.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗