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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Adaptive identification and control of structural dynamics systems using recursive lattice filters

A new approach for adaptive identification and control of structural dynamic systems by using least squares lattice filters thar are widely used in the signal processing area is presented. Testing procedures for interfacing the lattice filter identification methods and modal control method for stable closed loop adaptive control are presented. The methods are illustrated for a free-free beam and for a complex flexible grid, with the basic control objective being vibration suppression. The approach is validated by using both simulations and experimental facilities available at the Langley Research Center.

Sundararajan, N.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A preliminary evaluation of a failure detection filter for detecting and identifying control element failures in a transport aircraft

The application of the failure detection filter to the detection and identification of aircraft control element failures was evaluated in a linear digital simulation of the longitudinal dynamics of a B-737 Aircraft. Simulation results show that with a simple correlator and threshold detector used to process the filter residuals, the failure detection performance is seriously degraded by the effects of turbulence.

Bundick, W. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Temperature profile retrieval by two-dimensional filtering

A two-dimensional spatial filter, optimum in the minimum-mean-square error sense, has been used to retrieve atmospheric temperature profiles from TIROS-N and NOAA-6 Microwave Sounding Unit measurements. This approach considers correlations both in the vertical and horizontal (along the orbital track) directions. It is found that lower retrieval errors result from the 2-D technique, compared with the 1-D technique, especially in the troposphere. The additional horizontal information used in the 2-D formulation substantially improves temperature retrievals over a severe cold front where vertical correlations are lessened. The improved results of the 2-D filter in the upper troposphere point to the presence of profile components in the null space of the weighting functions that are horizontally correlated with the observed data.

Nathan, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Integrated-Circuit Active Digital Filter

Pipeline architecture with parallel multipliers and adders speeds calculation of weighted sums. Picture-element values and partial sums flow through delay-adder modules. After each cycle or time unit of calculation, each value in filter moves one position right. Digital integrated-circuit chips with pipeline architecture rapidly move 35 X 35 two-dimensional convolutions. Need for such circuits in image enhancement, data filtering, correlation, pattern extraction, and synthetic-aperture-radar image processing: all require repeated calculations of weighted sums of values from images or two-dimensional arrays of data.

Nathan, R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Adaptive control of large space structures using recursive lattice filters

The use of recursive lattice filters for identification and adaptive control of large space structures was studied. Lattice filters are used widely in the areas of speech and signal processing. Herein, they are used to identify the structural dynamics model of the flexible structures. This identified model is then used for adaptive control. Before the identified model and control laws are integrated, the identified model is passed through a series of validation procedures and only when the model passes these validation procedures control is engaged. This type of validation scheme prevents instability when the overall loop is closed. The results obtained from simulation were compared to those obtained from experiments. In this regard, the flexible beam and grid apparatus at the Aerospace Control Research Lab (ACRL) of NASA Langley Research Center were used as the principal candidates for carrying out the above tasks. Another important area of research, namely that of robust controller synthesis, was investigated using frequency domain multivariable controller synthesis methods.

Goglia, G. L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Digital filtering and acceleration pulse interpretation

It was concluded that the post processing digital filter is quite effective for removing unwanted high frequency and noise without distorting the signal. In addition, digital filtering is effective for smoothing low-level low resolution digital data where the digital stairstep phenomena are pronounced. Integrating the acceleration data to obtain velocity traces is quite useful. The velocity change provides a check on the validity of the acceleration trace. (Zero offsets in acceleration must be removed before integrating.) Average accelerations can be obtained from the velocity trace by dividing the change in velocity for an acceleration pulse by the pulse duration. One can obtain the peak of an equivalent triangular pulse by doubling the average acceleration.

Pasanella, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Adaptive control of large space structures using recursive lattice filters

The use of recursive lattice filters for identification and adaptive control of large space structures is studied. Lattice filters were used to identify the structural dynamics model of the flexible structures. This identification model is then used for adaptive control. Before the identified model and control laws are integrated, the identified model is passed through a series of validation procedures and only when the model passes these validation procedures is control engaged. This type of validation scheme prevents instability when the overall loop is closed. Another important area of research, namely that of robust controller synthesis, was investigated using frequency domain multivariable controller synthesis methods. The method uses the Linear Quadratic Guassian/Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) approach to ensure stability against unmodeled higher frequency modes and achieves the desired performance.

Sundararajan, N.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Microstrip termination effects on dielectric resonator filters

Dielectric resonator filters coupled to microstrip lines appear to answer the requirements of high performance and small size and weight that must be satisfied for use in satellite-based radiometers. The open-circuit and short-circuit types of coupling dielectric resonators to microstrip lines were compared with respect to radiation losses at various frequencies. The filters were fabricated from 1.6 mm Duroid board. The termination impedances for the microstrip lines were measured using a calibrated HP 8510 network analyzer. The values for radiation resistance obtained experimentally for both types of coupling agreed well with the values calculated from the Lewin theory (1960). It was found that the use of short-circuit coupling results in significantly reduced radiation resistance compared to the use of open-circuit lines. Improvement increases with increased frequency.

Trew, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Adaptive filtering of biodynamic stick feedthrough in manipulation tasks on board moving platforms

A novel approach to suppress the effects of biodynamic interference is presented. An adaptive noise canceling technique is employed for substracting the platform motion correlated components from the control stick output. The effects of biodynamic interference and its suppression by adaptive noise cancellation has been evaluated in a series of tracking tasks performed in a moving base simulator. Simulator motions were in pitch, roll and combined pitch and roll. Human operator performance was assessed from the mean square values of the tracking error and the control activity. The tracking error and the total stick output signal were found to increase significantly with motion and to diminish substantially with adaptive noise cancellation, thus providing a considerable improvement in tracking performance under conditions in which platform motion were present. The adaptive filter was found to cause a significant increase in the cross-over frequency and decrease in the phase margin. Moreover, the adaptive filter was found to significantly improve the human operator visual motor response. This improvement is manifested as an increased human operator gain, a smaller time delay and lower pilot workload.

Velger, M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Dual-Energy X-Radiography With Gadolinium Filter

Image resolution increased, and cost reduced. Proposed dual-energy x-ray imaging system, continuous bremsstrahlung spectrum from x-ray tube filtered by foil of nonradioactive gadolinium or another rare-earth metal to form two-peaked energy spectrum. After passing through patient or object under examination, filtered radiation detected by array of energy-discriminating, photon-counting detectors. Detector outputs processed to form x-ray image for each peak and possibly enhanced image based on data taken at both peaks.

Rutt, Brian↗
NASA NTRS1987

Equations For Fading-Memory Filters

Report discusses simplified recursive solutions for equations of class of fading-memory filters. Under appropriate assumptions regarding noise and exponential decay of effects of previous states, filter equations reduced to analytic formulas in closed form.

Statman, J. I.↗
NASA NTRS1986

An estimator-predictor approach to PLL loop filter design

An approach to the design of digital phase locked loops (DPLLs), using estimation theory concepts in the selection of a loop filter, is presented. The key concept is that the DPLL closed-loop transfer function is decomposed into an estimator and a predictor. The estimator provides recursive estimates of phase, frequency, and higher order derivatives, while the predictor compensates for the transport lag inherent in the loop. This decomposition results in a straightforward loop filter design procedure, enabling use of techniques from optimal and sub-optimal estimation theory. A design example for a particular choice of estimator is presented, followed by analysis of the associated bandwidth, gain margin, and steady state errors caused by unmodeled dynamics. This approach is under consideration for the design of the Deep Space Network (DSN) Advanced Receiver Carrier DPLL.

Statman, J. I.↗
NASA NTRS1986

X-band preamplifier filter

A low-loss bandstop filter designed and developed for the Deep Space Network's 34-meter high-efficiency antennas is described. The filter is used for protection of the X-band traveling wave masers from the 20-kW transmitter signal. A combination of empirical and theoretical techniques was employed as well as computer simulation to verify the design before fabrication.

Manshadi, F.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Design of robust failure detection filters

An essential aspect of the design of control systems for large, flexible spacecraft is fault tolerance. Because it is anticipated that a large number of sensors and actuators will be required to realize good control over these assemblies, the detection and isolation of component failures cannot be based on direct comparisons among replicated components. Instead, the notion of 'analytic redundancy' must be employed for the FDI function. Unfortunately this makes the FDI function sensitive to modeling errors which are certain to exist in the large space structure problem due to model truncation and parameter uncertainty. This paper addresses the robustness to model error of one method of FDI residual generation - the failure detection filter. Initial designs were found to be extremely sensitive to modeling error. The sources of this sensitivity are analyzed and modifications to the design are suggested. The improved filter is shown to have much better visibility of the failure signatures relative to the background due to modeling error.

San Martin, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Air mass 1.5 global and direct solar simulation and secondary reference cell calibration using a filtered large area pulsed solar simulator

Spectral mismatch between a solar simulator and a desired spectrum can result in nearly 20 percent measurement error in the output of photovoltaic devices. This occurs when a crystalline silicon cell monitors the intensity of an unfiltered large area pulsed solar simulator (LAPSS) simulating the ASTM air mass 1.5 direct spectrum and the test device is amorphous silicon. The LAPSS spectral irradiance is modified with readily available glass UV filters to closely match either the ASTM air mass 1.5 direct or global spectrum. Measurement error is reduced to about 1 percent when using either filter if the reference cell and test device are the same general type.

Mueller, Robert L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Designing A Microwave Band-Stop Filter

Lumped-circuit design techniques applied to iris-coupled cavities. Waveguide/cavity filter imitates lumped series and parallel combinations of inductance and capacitance over narrow stopband centered at 7.190 GHz. Filter made of standard WR125 waveguide stock.

Manshadi, F.↗