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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Data-driven estimation of energy consumption for electric bus under real-world driving conditions

Reliable and accurate estimation of an electric bus’s instantaneous energy consumption is critical in evaluating energy impacts of planning and control of electric bus operations. In this study, we developed machine learning-based long short-term memory (LSTM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to estimate 1 Hz energy consumption of electric buses based on continuous monitoring data of electric buses in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 2019 and 2020. We propose a data-partitioning algorithm to separate energy charging and discharging modes before applying data-driven estimation models. Here, a K-fold cross-validation-based model selection process was conducted to identify the optimal model structure and input variables in terms of prediction accuracy. The estimation results show the predicted mean absolute percentage error rates of LSTM and ANN models were 3% and 5%, respectively. We compared the proposed models with existing models in the literature based on the same testing data to demonstrate the predictability of our models.

Artificial neural network↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Pattern-Recognition-Based Ensemble Data Imputation Framework for Sensors from Building Energy Systems

Building operation data are important for monitoring, analysis, modeling, and control of building energy systems. However, missing data is one of the major data quality issues, making data imputation techniques become increasingly important. There are two key research gaps for missing sensor data imputation in buildings: the lack of customized and automated imputation methodology, and the difficulty of the validation of data imputation methods. In this paper, a framework is developed to address these two gaps. First, a validation data generation module is developed based on pattern recognition to create a validation dataset to quantify the performance of data imputation methods. Second, a pool of data imputation methods is tested under the validation dataset to find an optimal single imputation method for each sensor, which is termed as an ensemble method. The method can reflect the specific mechanism and randomness of missing data from each sensor. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by 18 sensors from a real campus building. The overall accuracy of data imputation for those sensors improves by 18.2% on average compared with the best single data imputation method.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 44

The experimental data are evaluated for known nuclides of mass number A=44 (Si,P,S,Cl,Ar,K,Ca,Sc,Ti,V, Cr,Mn). Detailed evaluated level properties and related information are presented, including adopted values of level and {gamma}-ray energies, decay data (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A=44 published by 1999Ca45 and 1990En08 (also 1998En04 update). No excited states are known in {sup 44}Si, {sup 44}P, {sup 44}Cr, {sup 44}Mn. Only one excited state is known in 44V and its Isobaric Analog State (IAS) has been observed but with the level energy not known. Information for {sup 44}S, {sup 44}Cl and {sup 44}Ar is limited and their radioactive decay schemes seem incomplete in view of large Q values and known excitations much below than allowed by Q values. The {sup 44}Ca, {sup 44}Sc and {sup 44}Ti nuclides remain as the most extensively studied from many different reactions and decays.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 42

The experimental data are evaluated for known nuclides of mass number A = 42 (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr). Detailed evaluated level properties and related information are presented, including adopted values of level and γ–ray energies, decay data (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A = 42 published by B. Singh, J.A. Cameron – Nucl.Data Sheets 92, 1 (2001) and P.M. Endt – Nucl. Phys. A521, 1 (1990); Errata and Addenda Nucl. Phys. A529, 763 (1991); Errata Nucl. Phys. A564, 609 (1993) (also P.M. Endt – Nucl. Phys. A633, 1 (1998) update). No excited states are known in {sup 42}Al, {sup 42}P, {sup 42}V and {sup 42}Cr, and structure information for {sup 42}Si and {sup 42}S is quite limited. There are no decay schemes available for the decay of {sup 42}Al, {sup 42}Si, {sup 42}P, {sup 42}V and {sup 42}Cr, while the decay schemes of {sup 42}Cl and {sup 42}Ti are incomplete in view of scarcity of data, and large gap between their Q–values and the highest energy levels populated in corresponding daughter nuclei. Structures of {sup 42}Ca, {sup 42}K, {sup 42}Sc and {sup 42}Ar nuclides remain the most extensively studied via many different nuclear reactions and decays.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Case Study: Field Evaluation of a Low-Cost Circuit-Level Electrical Submetering System

Circuit-level metering technologies provide the ability to monitor individual circuits within an electrical panel in a building, providing detailed power and energy consumption data at a much more granular level than was previously achievable in a cost-effective manner. While the fundamental hardware components of circuit-level—split-core current transformers (CTs) and power monitoring meters—have existed for some time, the new offerings in the market have tightly integrated these components, lower costs, and have streamlined data organization, transport, and access via software solutions accessible through web and application programming interfaces (API). NREL evaluated Meazon’s single-circuit metering system. The evaluation of the equipment under test (EUT) focused on three aspects: (1) accuracy of the data provided by the system, (2) ease of installation of this technology and ease of data integration into existing U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) analytics platforms, and (3) total cost of ownership and cost-effectiveness of the technology. The metering technology was tested in a field deployment where it was installed in low and high-voltage commercial electrical panels in the César E. Chávez Memorial Building in Denver, Colorado. The goals were to assess the metering accuracy, the ease of installation and data retrieval, and the total cost of ownership and cost-effectiveness. This technology proved easy to install by a certified electrician who completed the install of 6 meters in 2 separate panels (120/208 V and 277/480 V) and 2 circuit disconnects (along with associated commissioning) at the César E. Chávez Memorial Building in less than one day. The technology was installed in high- and low-voltage panels and with limited space in the electrical room, demonstrating the applicability of this technology to almost all commercial buildings in the GSA portfolio. Primary considerations for this technology include appropriate sizing of CTs for each circuit, selection of loads/circuits/panels that are of high value for detailed submetering (e.g., tailored for high-load devices), and how GSA would like to integrate these data with its existing energy management infrastructure. Through the field evaluation, we demonstrated data integration from the vendor system into the primary software component on the GSA enterprise-level energy management and information system, GSA Link. Data from the circuit-level metering were integrated into this platform and used to perform FDD. This demonstrated the ability of the EUT to augment existing energy management and information systems in buildings where GSA Link is deployed and provides a pathway for delivering FDD at other buildings throughout the portfolio.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Extracting physically interpretable data from electron energy-loss spectra.

Principal component analysis is routinely applied to analyze data sets in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). We show how physically meaningful spectra can be obtained from the principal components using a knowledge of the scattering of the probe electron and the geometry of the experiment. This approach is illustrated by application to EELS data for the carbon K edge in graphite obtained using a conventional transmission electron microscope. The effect of scattering of the probe electron is accounted for, yielding spectra which are equivalent to experiments using linearly polarized X-rays. The approach is general and can also be applied to EELS in the context of scanning transmission electron microscopy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2001

Estimates of M2 Tidal Energy Dissipation from TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Data

Most of the tidal energy dissipation in the ocean occurs in shallow seas, as has long been recognized. However, recent work has suggested that a significant fraction of the dissipation, perhaps 1 TW or more, occurs in the deep ocean. This paper builds further evidence for that conclusion. More than 6 years of data from the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter are used to map the tidal dissipation rate throughout the world ocean. The dissipation rate is estimated as a balance between the rate of working by tidal forces and the energy flux divergence, computed using currents derived by least squares fitting of the altimeter data and the shallow water equations. Such calculations require dynamical assumptions, in particular about the nature of dissipation. To assess sensitivity of dissipation estimates to input assumptions, a large suite of tidal inversions based on a wide range of drag parameterizations and employing both real and synthetic altimeter data are compared. These experiments and Monte Carlo error fields from a generalized inverse model are used to establish error uncertainties for the dissipation estimates. Owing to the tight constraints on tidal elevation fields provided by the altimeter, area integrals of the energy balance are remarkably insensitive to required dynamical assumptions. Tidal energy dissipation is estimated for all major shallow seas (excluding individual polar seas) and compared with previous model and data-based estimates. Dissipation in the open ocean is significantly tnhanced around major bathymetric features, in a manner consistent with simple theories the generation of baroclinic tides.

Egbert, Gary D.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Cosmology from large-scale galaxy clustering and galaxy–galaxy lensing with Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data

We present cosmological constraints from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) using a combined analysis of angular clustering of red galaxies and their cross-correlation with weak gravitational lensing of background galaxies. We use a 139 square degree contiguous patch of DES data from the Science Verification (SV) period of observations. Using large scale measurements, we constrain the matter density of the Universe as $\Omega_m = 0.31 \pm 0.09$ and the clustering amplitude of the matter power spectrum as $\sigma_8 = 0.74 +\pm 0.13$ after marginalizing over seven nuisance parameters and three additional cosmological parameters. This translates into $S_8$ = $\sigma_8(\Omega_m/0.3)^{0.16} = 0.74 \pm 0.12$ for our fiducial lens redshift bin at 0.35 < z < 0.5, while $S_8 = 0.78 \pm 0.09$ using two bins over the range 0.2 < z < 0.5. We study the robustness of the results under changes in the data vectors, modelling and systematics treatment, including photometric redshift and shear calibration uncertainties, and find consistency in the derived cosmological parameters. We show that our results are consistent with previous cosmological analyses from DES and other data sets and conclude with a joint analysis of DES angular clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing with Planck CMB data, Baryon Accoustic Oscillations and Supernova type Ia measurements.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Data and Communications in Basic Energy Sciences: Creating a Pathway for Scientific Discovery

This report is based on the Department of Energy (DOE) Workshop on “Data and Communications in Basic Energy Sciences: Creating a Pathway for Scientific Discovery” that was held at the Bethesda Marriott in Maryland on October 24-25, 2011. The workshop brought together leading researchers from the Basic Energy Sciences (BES) facilities and Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR). The workshop was co-sponsored by these two Offices to identify opportunities and needs for data analysis, ownership, storage, mining, provenance and data transfer at light sources, neutron sources, microscopy centers and other facilities. Their charge was to identify current and anticipated issues in the acquisition, analysis, communication and storage of experimental data that could impact the progress of scientific discovery, ascertain what knowledge, methods and tools are needed to mitigate present and projected shortcomings and to create the foundation for information exchanges and collaboration between ASCR and BES supported researchers and facilities. The workshop was organized in the context of the impending data tsunami that will be produced by DOE’s BES facilities. Current facilities, like SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory’s Linac Coherent Light Source, can produce up to 18 terabytes (TB) per day, while upgraded detectors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Advanced Light Source will generate ~10TB per hour. The expectation is that these rates will increase by over an order of magnitude in the coming decade. The urgency to develop new strategies and methods in order to stay ahead of this deluge and extract the most science from these facilities was recognized by all. The four focus areas addressed in this workshop were: Workflow Management - Experiment to Science: Identifying and managing the data path from experiment to publication. Theory and Algorithms: Recognizing the need for new tools for computation at scale, supporting large data sets and realistic theoretical models. Visualization and Analysis: Supporting near-real-time feedback for experiment optimization and new ways to extract and communicate critical information from large data sets. Data Processing and Management: Outlining needs in computational and communication approaches and infrastructure needed to handle unprecedented data volume and information content. It should be noted that almost all participants recognized that there were unlikely to be any turn-key solutions available due to the unique, diverse nature of the BES community, where research at adjacent beamlines at a given light source facility often span everything from biology to materials science to chemistry using scattering, imaging and/or spectroscopy. However, it was also noted that advances supported by other programs in data research, methodologies, and tool development could be implemented on reasonable time scales with modest effort. Adapting available standard file formats, robust workflows, and in-situ analysis tools for user facility needs could pay long-term dividends. Workshop participants assessed current requirements as well as future challenges and made the following recommendations in order to achieve the ultimate goal of enabling transformative science in current and future BES facilities: Theory and analysis components should be integrated seamlessly within experimental workflow. Develop new algorithms for data analysis based on common data formats and toolsets. Move analysis closer to experiment. Move the analysis closer to the experiment to enable real-time (in-situ) streaming capabilities, live visualization of the experiment and an increase of the overall experimental efficiency. Match data management access and capabilities with advancements in detectors and sources. Remove bottlenecks, provide interoperability across different facilities/beamlines and apply forefront mathematical techniques to more efficiently extract science from the experiments. This workshop report examines and reviews the status of several BES facilities and highlights the successes and shortcomings of the current data and communication pathways for scientific discovery. It then ascertains what methods and tools are needed to mitigate present and projected data bottlenecks to science over the next 10 years. The goal of this report is to create the foundation for information exchanges and collaborations among ASCR and BES supported researchers, the BES scientific user facilities, and ASCR computing and networking facilities. To jumpstart these activities, there was a strong desire to see a joint effort between ASCR and BES along the lines of the highly successful Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program in which integrated teams of engineers, scientists and computer scientists were engaged to tackle a complete end-to-end workflow solution at one or more beamlines, to ascertain what challenges will need to be addressed in order to handle future increases in data

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1976

Reanalysis of the Apollo cosmic gamma-ray spectrum in the 0.3 to 10 MeV energy region

Additional data obtained from the Apollo-16 and -17 missions, together with collateral calculations on background radiation effects, have enabled an improved subtraction of unwanted backgrounds from the diffuse cosmic gamma-ray data previously reported from Apollo-15. As a result, the 1- to 10-MeV spectrum is lowered significantly and connects smoothly with recent data at other energies. The inflection reported previously is much less pronounced and has no more than a 1.5-sigma significance. Sky occultation by the Apollo-16 spacecraft shows the bulk of the 0.3- to 1-MeV radiation to be diffuse. The analysis of spurious backgrounds points to important improvements for future experiments designed for this spectral region.

Trombka, J. I.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Reanalysis of the Apollo cosmic gamma-ray spectrum in the 0.3 to 10 MeV energy region

Additional data obtained from the Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 missions, together with collateral calculations on background radiation effects, have made possible an improved subtraction of unwanted backgrounds from the diffuse cosmic gamma-ray data previously reported from Apollo 15. As a result, the 1- to 10-MeV spectrum is lowered significantly and connects smoothly with recent data at other energies. The inflection reported previously is much less pronounced and has no more than a 1.5-sigma significance. Sky occultation by the Apollo 16 spacecraft shows the bulk of the 0.3- to 1-MeV radiation to be diffuse. The analysis of spurious backgrounds points to important improvements for future experiments designed for this spectral region.

Trombka, J. I.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Reanalysis of the Apollo cosmic gamma-ray spectrum in the 0.3 to 10 MeV energy region

Additional data obtained from the Apollo 16 and 17 missions, together with collateral calculations on background radiation effects, have made possible an improved subtraction of unwanted backgrounds from the diffuse cosmic gamma ray data previously reported from Apollo 15. As a result, the 1 to 10 MeV spectrum is lowered significantly and connects smoothly with recent data at other energies. The inflection reported previously is much less pronounced and has no more than 1.5 sigma significance. Sky occultation by the Apollo 16 spacecraft shows the bulk of the 0.3 to 1 MeV radiation to be diffuse. The analysis of spurious backgrounds points to important improvements for future experiments designed for this spectral region. A light-weight satellite design can give a fourfold improvement in the signal to noise for such a measurement. Use of an anisotropic central crystal, which spins quickly compared with possible time variations in detector background, would enable sensitive limits to be set on galactic plane and point source contributions.

Dyer, C. S.↗
DOE OSTI2023

HEPnOS: a Specialized Data Service for High Energy Physics Analysis

In this paper, we present HEPnOS, a distributed data service for managing data produced by high-energy physics (HEP) experiments. Using HEPnOS, HEP applications can use HPC resources more effciently than traditional fle-based applications. The fle-based model leads to a rigid, chunk-based allocation of computational resources and limits the number of cores that can be used concurrently by an HEP application. The fundamental problem is that organizing domain-specifc data into fles inadvertently introduces a single, artifcial, confated tuning parameter that puts key optimization goals into confict: larger fle sizes reduce metadata overhead and thus improve I/O effciency, but smaller fle sizes provide more opportunity for workfow parallelism and load balancing. In this work, we introduce a domain-specifc data service that decouples that constraint so that data can be accessed and processed in its natural granularity while still maintaining I/O effciency. By removing the constraints introduced by fle handling we are able to obtain better scaling and make effcient use of more cores for processing a fxed-sized data sample. We demonstrate the improved scalability by using an application developed in the fle-based paradigm and comparing it to a version modifed to use HEPnOS.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Lyman-α forest catalogue from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Early Data Release

We present and validate the catalogue of Lyman-α forest fluctuations for 3D analyses using the Early Data Release (EDR) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We used 88 511 quasars collected from DESI Survey Validation (SV) data and the first two months of the main survey (M2). We present several improvements to the method used to extract the Lyman-α absorption fluctuations performed in previous analyses from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In particular, we modify the weighting scheme and show that it can improve the precision of the correlation function measurement by more than 20 percent. This catalogue can be downloaded from https://data.desi.lbl.gov/public/edr/vac/edr/lya/fuji/v0.3, and it will be used in the near future for the first DESI measurements of the 3D correlations in the Lyman-α forest.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

City and County Commercial Building Inventories

The Commercial Building Inventories provide modeled data on commercial building type, vintage, and area for each U.S. city and county. Please note this data is modeled and more precise data may be available through county assessors or other sources. Commercial building stock data is estimated using CoStar Realty Information, Inc. building stock data. This data is part of a suite of state and local energy profile data available at the "State and Local Energy Profile Data Suite" link below and builds on Cities-LEAP energy modeling, available at the "EERE Cities-LEAP Page" link below. Examples of how to use the data to inform energy planning can be found at the "Example Uses" link below.

Array↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 33

The experimental data are evaluated for known nuclides of mass number A=33 (Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K). Detailed evaluated level properties and related information are presented, including adopted values of level and {gamma}-ray energies, decay data (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A=33 published by 1990En08 (also 1998En04 update) and 1978En02. Experimental studies for the identification of the {sup 33}Ne and {sup 33}K nuclides have not met with success as yet. Values of S(n) and S(p) from systematics for {sup 33}Ne and {sup 33}K, respectively suggest that these nuclei are likely to be unstable to particle emission. The radioactive decay schemes of {sup 33}Na and {sup 33}Al seem incomplete in view of large Q values and known excitations much below than allowed by the Q values. The {sup 33}S and {sup 33}Cl nuclides remain as the most extensively studied from many different reactions and decays.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

OpenEIS. Developer Guide

The Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Building Technologies Office (BTO) is supporting the development of an open-source software tool for analyzing building energy and operational data: OpenEIS (open energy information system). This tool addresses the problems of both owners of building data and developers of tools to analyze this data. Building owners and managers have data but lack the tools to analyze it while tool developers lack data in a common format to ease development of reusable data analysis tools. This document is intended for developers of applications and explains the mechanisms for building analysis applications, accessing data, and displaying data using a visualization from the included library. A brief introduction to the visualizations can be used as a jumping off point for developers familiar with JavaScript to produce their own. Several example applications are included which can be used along with this document to implement algorithms for performing energy data analysis.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗