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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Exchange splitting of the interaction energy and the multipole expansion of the wave function

The exchange splitting J of the interaction energy of the hydrogen atom with a proton is calculated using the conventional surface-integral formula J{sub surf}[Φ], the volume-integral formula of the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory J{sub SAPT}[Φ], and a variational volume-integral formula J{sub var}[Φ]. The calculations are based on the multipole expansion of the wave function Φ, which is divergent for any internuclear distance R. Nevertheless, the resulting approximations to the leading coefficient j{sub 0} in the large-R asymptotic series J(R) = 2e{sup −R−1}R(j{sub 0} + j{sub 1}R{sup −1} + j{sub 2}R{sup −2} + ⋯) converge with the rate corresponding to the convergence radii equal to 4, 2, and 1 when the J{sub var}[Φ], J{sub surf}[Φ], and J{sub SAPT}[Φ] formulas are used, respectively. Additionally, we observe that also the higher j{sub k} coefficients are predicted correctly when the multipole expansion is used in the J{sub var}[Φ] and J{sub surf}[Φ] formulas. The symmetry adapted perturbation theory formula J{sub SAPT}[Φ] predicts correctly only the first two coefficients, j{sub 0} and j{sub 1}, gives a wrong value of j{sub 2}, and diverges for higher j{sub n}. Since the variational volume-integral formula can be easily generalized to many-electron systems and evaluated with standard basis-set techniques of quantum chemistry, it provides an alternative for the determination of the exchange splitting and the exchange contribution of the interaction potential in general.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

The first layer potassium–bismuth-nickel oxophosphate KBi{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}O{sub 4}: Synthesis, crystal structure, and expected magnetic properties

The new potassium–bismuth–nickel oxophosphate obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in the Bi(OH){sub 3}–NiCO{sub 3}–K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}–K{sub 3}PO{sub 4} system is studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Parameters of the orthorhombic cell are as follows: a = 13.632(1) Å, b = 19.610(2) Å, and c = 5.4377(3) Å; V = 1452.64(2) Å{sup 3}; and space group Pnma. The structure is solved and refined to the final discrepancy factor R{sub 1} = 5.76% in the anisotropic approximation of atomic displacements using 3606 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The crystal-chemical formula (Z = 4) is KBi{sub 4}{Ni_2O_4(PO_4)_3}, where the composition of the layer nickel–phosphate polyanion is enclosed in braces. Theoretical calculations show that all exchange spin interactions between Ni{sup 2+} ions are antiferromagnetic and very weak (J < 0.1 cm{sup –1}) because of the polyatomic character of bridging Ni–O–P–O–Ni and Ni–O–Bi–O–Ni groups. Thus, this compound is expected to be paramagnetic with very weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions and appreciable energy of zero-field splitting of the spin levels of Ni{sup 2+} ions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Band gap narrowing in BaTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles facilitated by multiple mechanisms

In the present work, BaTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles of four different size ranges were prepared by sol-gel method. The optical band gap of these particles at some size ranges has come down to 2.53 eV from 3.2 eV, resulting in substantial increase in optical absorption by these ferroelectric nanoparticles making them potential candidates for light energy harvesting. XRD results show the presence of higher compressive strain in 23 nm and 54 nm size particles, they exhibit a higher band gap narrowing, whereas tensile strain is observed in 31 nm and 34 nm particles, and they do not show the marginal band gap narrowing. The 23 nm and 54 nm particles also show a coupling of free carriers to phonons by increasing the intensity of LO phonon mode at 715 cm{sup −1}. The higher surface charge density is expected in case of enhanced surface optical Raman modes (638 cm{sup −1}) contained in 31 and 34 nm size particles. In addition to this, the red shift in an LO mode Raman spectral line at 305 cm{sup −1} with decrease in particle size depicts the presence of phonon confinement in it. The enhanced optical absorption in 23 nm and 54 nm size particles with a narrowed band gap of 3 eV and 2.53 eV is due to exchange correlation interactions between the carriers present in these particles. In 31 nm and 34 nm range particles, the absorption got bleached exhibiting increased band gaps of 3.08 eV and 3.2 eV, respectively. It is due to filling up of conduction band resulting from weakening of exchange correlation interactions between the charge carriers. Hence, it is concluded that the band gap narrowing in the nanoparticles of average size 23 nm/54 nm is a consequence of multiple effects like strain, electron-phonon interaction, and exchange correlation interactions between the carriers which is subdued in some other size ranges like 31 nm/34 nm.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Costless metabolic secretions as drivers of interspecies interactions in microbial ecosystems

Metabolic exchange mediates interactions among microbes, helping explain diversity in microbial communities. As these interactions often involve a fitness cost, it is unclear how stable cooperation can emerge. Here we use genome-scale metabolic models to investigate whether the release of “costless” metabolites (i.e. those that cause no fitness cost to the producer), can be a prominent driver of intermicrobial interactions. By performing over 2 million pairwise growth simulations of 24 species in a combinatorial assortment of environments, we identify a large space of metabolites that can be secreted without cost, thus generating ample cross-feeding opportunities. In addition to providing an atlas of putative interactions, we show that anoxic conditions can promote mutualisms by providing more opportunities for exchange of costless metabolites, resulting in an overrepresentation of stable ecological network motifs. These results may help identify interaction patterns in natural communities and inform the design of synthetic microbial consortia.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exponential Scaling of Water Exchange Rates with Ion Interaction Strength from the Perspective of Dynamic Facilitation Theory

Water exchange reactions around ionic solutes are ubiquitous in aqueous solution-phase chemistry. Yet, the extreme sensitivity of exchange rates to perturbations in the chemistry of an ionic solute is not well understood. We explore water exchange around model ions within the language of dynamic facilitation theory, typically used to describe glassy and other systems with collective, facilitated dynamics. Through the development of a coarse-grained, kinetically constrained lattice model of water exchange, we show that the time scale for water exchange scales exponentially with the strength of the solute–solvent interactions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Collision-induced absorption with exchange effects and anisotropic interactions: Theory and application to H{sub 2} − H{sub 2}

We discuss three quantum mechanical formalisms for calculating collision-induced absorption spectra. First, we revisit the established theory of collision-induced absorption, assuming distinguishable molecules which interact isotropically. Then, the theory is rederived incorporating exchange effects between indistinguishable molecules. It is shown that the spectrum can no longer be written as an incoherent sum of the contributions of the different spherical components of the dipole moment. Finally, we derive an efficient method to include the effects of anisotropic interactions in the computation of the absorption spectrum. This method calculates the dipole coupling on-the-fly, which allows for the uncoupled treatment of the initial and final states without the explicit reconstruction of the many-component wave functions. The three formalisms are applied to the collision-induced rotation-translation spectra of hydrogen molecules in the far-infrared. Good agreement with experimental data is obtained. Significant effects of anisotropic interactions are observed in the far wing.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Axion structure formation – II. The wrath of collapse

ABSTRACT The first paper in this series showed that quantum chromodynamic axion dark matter, as a highly correlated Bose fluid, contains extra-classical physics on cosmological scales. The source of the derived extra-classical physics is exchange–correlation interactions induced by the constraints of symmetric particle exchange and interaxion correlations from self-gravitation. The paper also showed that the impact of extra-classical physics on early structure formation is marginal, as the exchange–correlation interaction is inherently non-linear. This paper continues the study of axion structure formation into the non-linear regime, considering the case of full collapse and virialization. The N-body method is chosen to study the collapse, and its algorithms are derived for a condensed Bose fluid. Simulations of isolated gravitational collapse are performed for both Bose and cold dark matter fluids using a prototype N-body code. Unique Bose structures are found to survive even the most violent collapses. Bose post-collapse features include dynamical changes to global structures, creation of new broad sub-structures, violations of classical binding energy conditions, and new fine structures. Effective models of the novel structures are constructed and possibilities for their observation are discussed.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗