Space station crew operations
Space station crew operations, discussing vehicle and research duties, habitability, etc
Aller, R.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Effect of crew motions on spacecraft orientation
On-off control system with crew motion caused random disturbing torques on spacecraft, determining waiting time, jet firing frequency and fuel consumption rate
Armstrong, R. L.↗
Shuttle- Life support, protective systems, and crew system interface technology
Space shuttle life support, protective and crew system interfaces, discussing food and waste management and accident procedures
Carpenter, L. R.↗
Recreational preferences in potential space crew populations
Recreational preferences among potential space crews from questionnaire analysis
Karnes, E. W.↗
Modular space station phase B extension preliminary system design. Volume 2: Operations and crew analyses
All analyses and tradeoffs conducted to establish the MSS operations and crew activities are discussed. The missions and subsystem integrated analyses that were completed to assure compatibility of program elements and consistency with program objectives are presented.
Meston, R. D.↗
Crew observations
Crew observations of the Apollo 15 flight are presented. The observations are concerned with the following phases of the flight: (1) translunar and transearth coasts, (2) lunar landing and ascent, (3) standup extravehicular activity, (4) surface experiment deployment, (5) lunar traverse geology, and (6) orbital observations.
Scott, D. R.↗
Advanced missions safety. Volume 2: Technical discussion. Part 3: Emergency crew transfer
An evaluation of methods for emergency rescue of space crews using the Earth Orbit Shuttle was conducted. Emergency situations were analyzed for the mission categories of extravehicular activity, space shuttle orbiter, space station, and research applications module (RAM). Five different transfer concept categories were analyzed and each was scored on the basis of its operational effectiveness. A cost analysis of the transfer operations was developed.
Source record↗
Economic impact of stimulated technological activity. Part 3: Case study, knowledge additions and earth links from space crew systems
A case study of knowledge contributions from the crew life support aspect of the manned space program is reported. The new information needed to be learned, the solutions developed, and the relation of new knowledge gained to earthly problems were investigated. Illustrations are given in the following categories: supplying atmosphere for spacecraft; providing carbon dioxide removal and recycling; providing contaminant control and removal; maintaining the body's thermal balance; protecting against the space hazards of decompression, radiation, and meteorites; minimizing fire and blast hazards; providing adequate light and conditions for adequate visual performance; providing mobility and work physiology; and providing adequate habitability.
Source record↗
Flight Crew Health Maintenance
The health maintenance program for commercial flight crew personnel includes diet, weight control, and exercise to prevent heart disease development and disability grounding. The very high correlation between hypertension and overweight in cardiovascular diseases significantly influences the prognosis for a coronary prone individual and results in a high rejection rate of active military pilots applying for civilian jobs. In addition to physical fitness the major items stressed in pilot selection are: emotional maturity, glucose tolerance, and family health history.
Gullett, C. C.↗
Apollo experience report: Simulation of manned space flight for crew training
Through space-flight experience and the development of simulators to meet the associated training requirements, several factors have been established as fundamental for providing adequate flight simulators for crew training. The development of flight simulators from Project Mercury through the Apollo 15 mission is described. The functional uses, characteristics, and development problems of the various simulators are discussed for the benefit of future programs.
Woodling, C. H.↗
Apollo experience report: Command module crew-couch/restraint and load-attenuation systems
The Apollo command module crew-couch/restraint and load-attenuation system was required to support and restrain the crewman during mission phases and to limit the load imposed on the crewman during landing. Component designs evolved when requirements changed and tests were conducted. Advancement in the state of the art for energy-absorbing devices and changes in restraint philosophies for impact protection resulted from the efforts and experiences presented.
Drexel, R. E.↗
Crew equipment applications - Firefighter's Breathing System.
The Firefighter's Breathing System (FBS) represents a significant step in applying NASA's crew equipment technologists and technologies to civilian sector problems. This paper describes the problem, the utilization of user-design committees as a forum for development of design goals, the design of the FBS, and the field test program to be conducted.
Smith, W. L.↗
Crew microbiology (DTO 71-19)
States of microbial imbalance as a result of human altitude chamber confinement occurred, for the most part, only in those genera and species of bacteria, yeast, and fungi which are classified as transients and are not part of the true indigenous flora of the crewmembers. Inasmuch as no crew illness events occurred and only subtle changes in the indigenous flora were noted, it appears that confinement of 56-days in a Skylab simulated environment does not mediate toward shifts in bacterial populations which have obvious clinical significance.
Wooley, B. C.↗
Medical operations: Crew surgeon's report
To assure the safety and well being of the Skylab environment simulation crewmembers it was necessary to develop a medical safety plan with emergency procedures. All medical and nonmedical test and operations personnel, except those specifically exempted, were required to meet the medical standards and proficiency levels as established. Implemented programs included health care of the test crew and their families, occupational medical services for chamber operating personnel, clinical laboratory support and hypobaric and other emergency support.
Ross, C. E.↗
Apollo experience report. Crew-support activities for experiments performed during manned space flight
Experiments are performed during manned space flights in an attempt to acquire knowledge that can advance science and technology or that can be applied to operational techniques for future space flights. A description is given of the procedures that the personnel who are directly assigned to the function of crew support at the NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center use to prepare for and to conduct experiments during space flight.
Mckee, J. W.↗
Adrenocortical responses of the Apollo 17 crew members
Changes in adrenal activity of the three Apollo 17 crew members were studied during the 12.55-day mission and during selected post-recovery days. Aldosterone excretion was normal early and elevated later in the mission, probably causing a loss in total body exchangeable potassium. There was decreased 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion only during the early mission days for the two moon landers and throughout the mission for the other astronaut. Cortisol excretion was elevated on physically stressful mission days. At recovery, plasma ACTH was elevated without a similar increase in plasma cortisol. Angiotensin I activity was elevated at recovery in only one crewman. This crewman was the only one with a decreased extracellular fluid volume. These results indicate that the mission and its activities affect adrenal function of the crewmen.
Leach, C. S.↗
Basic results of medical examinations of Soyuz spacecraft crew members
Weightlessness, hypokinesia and intense activity of crew members caused changes in human physiological functions during prolonged space flight as expressed in unusual diurnal rhythms. Microclimate, radiation and the nervous emotional state were not of significance in emergence of human body response reactions.
Gurovskiy, N. N.↗
Crew appliance study
Viable crew appliance concepts were identified by means of a thorough literature search. Studies were made of the food management, personal hygiene, housekeeping, and off-duty habitability functions to determine which concepts best satisfy the Space Shuttle Orbiter and Modular Space Station mission requirements. Models of selected appliance concepts not currently included in the generalized environmental-thermal control and life support systems computer program were developed and validated. Development plans of selected concepts were generated for future reference. A shuttle freezer conceptual design was developed and a test support activity was provided for regenerative environmental control life support subsystems.
Proctor, B. W.↗