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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Visualization and Analysis for Near-Real-Time Decision Making in Distributed Workflows

Data driven science is becoming increasingly more common, complex, and is placing tremendous stresses on visualization and analysis frameworks. Data sources producing 10GB per second (and more) are becoming increasingly commonplace in both simulation, sensor and experimental sciences. These data sources, which are often distributed around the world, must be analyzed by teams of scientists that are also distributed. Enabling scientists to view, query and interact with such large volumes of data in near-real-time requires a rich fusion of visualization and analysis techniques, middleware and workflow systems. Here, this paper discusses initial research into visualization and analysis of distributed data workflows that enables scientists to make near-real-time decisions of large volumes of time varying data.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

A deep learning approach to anomaly detection in geological carbon sequestration sites using pressure measurements

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been extensively investigated as a potential engineering measure to reduce anthropogenic carbon emission to the atmosphere. Real-time monitoring of the safety and integrity of carbon storage reservoirs is a critical aspect of any commercial-scale CCS deployment. Pressure-based sensing is cost effective, suitable for real-time monitoring, and scalable to large monitoring networks. However, questions remain on how to best harness intelligent information from the high-frequency pressure monitoring sensors to support real-time decisions. Here this work presents a deep-learning-based framework for analyzing and detecting anomalies in pressure data streams by using a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) neural network model, which allows for the fusion of both static and dynamic reservoir data. In ConvLSTM, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is used for spatial pattern mining and the LSTM is used for temporal pattern recognition. The performance of the ConvLSTM model for real-time anomaly detection is demonstrated using a set of pressure monitoring data collected from Cranfield, Mississippi, an active enhanced-oil-recovery field. The anomaly detection model is trained using bottom-hole pressure data acquired from the base experiment (without leak event) and then tested on pressure data collected during a series of controlled CO 2 release experiments (with artificially created leak events). Results show that the ConvLSTM neural network model successfully detected anomalies in the pressure time series obtained from the controlled release experiments. Inclusion of static information into the model further improves the robustness of ConvLSTM.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Multimodal super-resolution: discovering hidden physics and its application to fusion plasmas

Understanding complex physical systems often requires integrating data from multiple diagnostics, each with limited resolution or coverage. We present a machine learning framework that reconstructs synthetic high-temporal-resolution data for a target diagnostic using information from other diagnostics, without direct target measurements during the inference. This multimodal super-resolution technique improves diagnostic robustness and enables monitoring even in case of measurement failures or degradation. Applied to fusion plasmas, our method targets edge-localized modes (ELMs), which can damage plasma-facing materials. By reconstructing super-resolution Thomson Scattering data from complementary diagnostics, we uncover fine-scale plasma dynamics and validate the role of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in ELM suppression through magnetic island formation. The approach provides new observation supporting the plasma profile flattening due to these islands. Our results demonstrate the framework’s ability to generate high-fidelity synthetic diagnostics, offering a powerful tool for ELM control development in future reactors like ITER. The approach is broadly transferable to other domains facing sparse, incomplete, or degraded diagnostic data, opening new avenues for discovery.

Jalalvand, Azarakhsh [Princeton Univ., NJ (United ↗
NASA NTRS1989

Sensor fusion: Spatial reasoning and scene interpretation; Proceedings of the Meeting, Cambridge, MA, Nov. 7-9, 1988

The present conference discusses topics in the fusion of active and passive sensors, object estimation and verification, three-dimensional representation and knowledge integration, three-dimensional perception from multisensor data, the representation of uncertainty in multisensor fusion, and sensor calibration and registration. Also discussed are the areas of multisensor target detection and classification, multisensor processing architectures, knowledge structures and spatial reasoning, sensory interfaces to telerobotic systems, and navigation with spatial data bases.

Schenker, Paul S.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Rab3A is a new interacting partner of synaptotagmin I and may modulate synaptic membrane fusion through a competitive mechanism

Highlights: • Rab3A has been found to be a novel interacting protein of synaptotagmin I. • Rab3A binds to synaptotagmin I in a Ca{sup 2+}-independent manner. • KKKK motif in C2B domain of synaptotagmin I is a key site for Rab3A binding. • Rab3A competitively inhibits the binding of C2B in synaptotagmin I to syntaxin 1B. • Rab3A may regulate synaptic membrane fusion and exocytosis in a competitive manner. - Abstract: Rab3 and synaptotagmin have been reported to be the key proteins that have opposite actions but cooperatively play critical regulatory roles in selecting and limiting the number of vesicles released at central synapses. However, the exact mechanism has not been fully understood. In this study, Rab3A and synaptotagmin I, the most abundant isoforms of Rab3 and synaptotagmin, respectively, in brain were for the first time demonstrated to directly interact with each other in a Ca{sup 2+}-independent manner, and the KKKK motif in the C2B domain of synaptotagmin I was a key site for the Rab3A binding, which was further confirmed by the competitive inhibition of inositol hexakisphosphate. Further studies demonstrated that Rab3A competitively affected the synaptotagmin I interaction with syntaxin 1B that was involved in membrane fusion during the synaptic vesicle exocytosis. These data indicate that Rab3A is a new synaptotagmin I interacting partner and may participate in the regulation of synaptic membrane fusion and thus the vesicle exocytosis by competitively modulating the interaction of synaptotagmin with syntaxin of the t-SNARE complex in presynaptic membranes.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

2025 Peregrine in-situ monitoring and training dataset for laser powder bed fusion and binder jet printers

Peregrine, a software tool developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), was used to collect and analyze in-situ monitoring (ISM) data from a Concept Laser M2 (Colibrium Additive) laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) printer and an ExOne Innovent (Desktop Metal) binder jet printer. Data for four builds (print jobs) were saved to HDF5 (high performance data) files for release. Additionally, process anomalies were annotated by the authors across 37 image stacks (i.e., print layers) and are also provided as HDF5 files.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Role of IκB kinase β in regulating the remodeling of the CARMA1-Bcl10-MALT1 complex

Highlights: • IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion. • IKKβ is required for initial formation and the regulation of the CBM complex. • IKKβ regulates CBM complex via phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. The current work investigates the notion that inducible clustering of signaling mediators of the IKK pathway is important for platelet activation. Thus, while the CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM) complex is essential for triggering IKK/NF-κB activation upon platelet stimulation, the signals that elicit its formation and downstream effector activation remain elusive. We demonstrate herein that IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion, and serves as a critical protein kinase required for initial formation and the regulation of the CARMA1/MALT1/Bcl10/CBM complex in platelets. We also show that IKKβ regulates these processes via modulation of phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IKKβ regulates membrane fusion and the remodeling of the CBM complex formation.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design and Analysis of an Advanced Three-Point Bend Test Approach for Miniature Irradiated Disk Specimens

Candidate tungsten armor materials in a magnetic confinement fusion device must be able to withstand thermal variation that leads to internal stresses caused by the impinging heat load. In addition, the thermomechanical properties of these materials are degraded by irradiation-induced defect accumulation. Fission reactor–based irradiation data are used to predict the fusion neutron damage and property change. This study examines the motivation and design of a custom-designed three-point bend test for neutron-irradiated disk specimens that are 3 mm in diameter to be able to define the flexural strength of advanced tungsten materials, alloys, and composites—and to the extent that embrittlement occurs after neutron irradiation. The theory provided shows a calculation for the flexural deflection and shear deflection due to the small-geometry constraints. A finite element deformation analysis is performed to evaluate the mechanical stress field of disk bend specimens. The stress values above 80% of the maximum stress are concentrated in 2.4 mm of the 3.0-mm length of the centerline across the tungsten disk diameter. A bend test fixture has been designed and fabricated to enable testing of these specimens with precisely engineered tolerance and minimal machine compliance. This fixture will be able to be placed inside a universal testing frame at elevated temperatures for the mechanical property evaluation of future neutron-irradiated disk specimens.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Nuclear Fusion Processes in a Conductive Crystal Medium

Using a metallic crystal as a medium for the fusion of light-element nuclei (hydrogen isotopes) into those of heavier elements, accompanied by a significant release of energy, is discussed. Since these reactions release more energy than any chemical ones by nearly seven orders of magnitude, using them as energy sources will open a new era in the history of civilization. The conductive crystal serves as an appropriate environment for the fusion-process and remains almost undamaged. In this paper, we rely on the extensive experimental data on the so-called “cold” nuclear fusion.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Crystal Structure of the Pre-fusion Nipah Virus Fusion Glycoprotein Reveals a Novel Hexamer-of-Trimers Assembly

Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that infects host cells through the coordinated efforts of two envelope glycoproteins. The G glycoprotein attaches to cell receptors, triggering the fusion (F) glycoprotein to execute membrane fusion. Here we report the first crystal structure of the pre-fusion form of the NiV-F glycoprotein ectodomain. Interestingly this structure also revealed a hexamer-of-trimers encircling a central axis. Electron tomography of Nipah virus-like particles supported the hexameric pre-fusion model, and biochemical analyses supported the hexamer-of-trimers F assembly in solution. Importantly, structure-assisted site-directed mutagenesis of the interfaces between F trimers highlighted the functional relevance of the hexameric assembly. Shown here, in both cell-cell fusion and virus-cell fusion systems, our results suggested that this hexamer-of-trimers assembly was important during fusion pore formation. We propose that this assembly would stabilize the pre-fusion F conformation prior to cell attachment and facilitate the coordinated transition to a post-fusion conformation of all six F trimers upon triggering of a single trimer. Together, our data reveal a novel and functional pre-fusion architecture of a paramyxoviral fusion glycoprotein.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Diagnostic and predictive capabilities of the TCR digital platform

The Transformational Challenge Reactor program is leveraging additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate the nuclear components required to assemble a microreactor core. Compared with traditional manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing allows for direct observation of the interior of the component during manufacturing. This unique capability promises significant possibilities for creating a new paradigm for nuclear component qualification by leveraging in-situ process data. This report describes FY21 efforts to predict material tensile properties based on data collected during the laser powder bed fusion printing process. The primary focus of this report is the test campaign designed to generate the large quantities of training data required to implement artificial intelligence algorithms that can predict these material properties. Preliminary prediction results and a demonstration of the overall data collection, analysis, and visualization pipeline are also provided.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Effect of nuclear-reaction mechanisms on the population of excited nuclear states and isomeric ratios

Experimental data on the cross sections for channels of fusion and transfer reactions induced by beams of radioactive halo nuclei and clustered and stable loosely bound nuclei were analyzed, and the results of this analysis were summarized. The interplay of the excitation of single-particle states in reaction-product nuclei and direct reaction channels was established for transfer reactions. Respective experiments were performed in stable ({sup 6}Li) and radioactive ({sup 6}He) beams of the DRIBs accelerator complex at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, and in deuteron and {sup 3}He beams of the U-120M cyclotron at the Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy Sciences of Czech Republic (Řež and Prague, Czech Republic). Data on subbarrier and near-barrier fusion reactions involving clustered and loosely bound light nuclei ({sup 6}Li and {sup 3}He) can be described quite reliably within simple evaporation models with allowance for different reaction Q-values and couple channels. In reactions involving halo nuclei, their structure manifests itself most strongly in the region of energies below the Coulomb barrier. Neutron transfer occurs with a high probability in the interactions of all loosely bound nuclei with light and heavy stable nuclei at positive Q-values. The cross sections for such reactions and the respective isomeric ratios differ drastically for nucleon stripping and nucleon pickup mechanisms. This is due to the difference in the population probabilities for excited single-particle states.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cataloging Legacy Data from the Tritium Systems Test Assembly Program

The Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) at Los Alamos National Laboratory, operational from 1984 to 2001, was critical in advancing fusion fuel cycle technologies, including tritium storage, gas separation, and pumping. TSTA’s contributions, particularly in safe tritium operations, have influenced subsequent fusion projects. This paper discusses the ongoing effort to digitize and catalog TSTA’s historical data to create a searchable resource for the fusion research community. While the long-term objective is to develop a relational database for structured data management, the project remains in the early phase, with current efforts focused on scanning and indexing physical documents. Initial plans for database implementations are also presented, outlining key considerations for structure, query indexing, and standardization. As digitization progresses, future discussions will refine these implantation details to ensure an efficient and comprehensive system. This initiative aims to preserve critical legacy data, enhance the design of tritium system facilities, and support the next generation of fusion energy research.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Automated qualification data tool for high temperature metallic materials

This report describes a framework for storing, processing, and displaying qualification data for high temperature mechanical properties. The framework automates the process of generating design data from mechanical test results, for example for a data qualification report for the ASME Boiler \& Pressure Vessel Code. The framework has three parts: a data storage model with common formats for several types of typical mechanical property tests, a backend based on the \pycreep Python library for correlating and extrapolating the data to generate design material properties and allowable stresses, and a demonstration user interface for displaying, sorting, and filtering the data and exploring different options for modeling the design mechanical properties. The report discusses the options available for data processing, with illustrations from real test data on Alloy 617, Alloy 709, Alloy 740H, and Laser-Powder Bed Fusion 316H. The framework is complete for ASME type data analysis and will be used to store test data generated by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies sponsored qualification programs. Future work could extend the tool to other types of material properties and/or expand the demo user interface to make it accessible across the AMMT program.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Lights on: Dye dequenching reveals polymersome fusion with polymer, lipid and stealth lipid vesicles

In this study, we develop a quantitative dye dequenching technique for the measurement of polymersome fusion, using it to characterize the salt mediated, mechanically-induced fusion of polymersomes with polymer, lipid, and so-called stealth lipid vesicles. While dye dequenching has been used to quantitatively explore liposome fusion in the past, this is the first use of dye dequenching to measure polymersome fusion of which we are aware. In addition to providing quantitative results, dye dequenching is ideal for detecting fusion in instances where DLS results would be ambiguous, such as low yield levels and size ranges outside the capabilities of DLS. The dye chosen for this study was a cyanine derivative, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR), which proved to provide excellent data on the extent of polymersome fusion. Using this technique, we have shown the limited fusion capabilities of polymersome/liposome heterofusion, notably DOPC vesicles fusing with polymersomes at half the efficiency of polymersome homofusion and DPPC vesicles showing virtually no fusion. In addition to these key heterofusion experiments, we determined the broad applicability of dye dequenching in measuring kinetic rates of polymersome fusion; and showed that even at elevated temperatures or over multiple weeks' time, no polymersome fusion occurred without agitation. Stealth liposomes formed from DPPC and PEO-functionalized lipid, however, fused with polymersomes and stealth liposomes with relatively high efficiency, lending support to our hypothesis that the response of the PEO corona to salt is a key factor in the fusion process. This last finding suggests that although the conjugation of PEO to lipids increases vesicle biocompatibility and enables their longer circulation times, it also renders the vesicles subject to destabilization under high salt and shear (e.g. in the circulatory system) that may lead to, in this case, fusion.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Reconstruction of high temporal resolution Thomson scattering data during a modulated electron cyclotron resonance heating using conditional averaging

This paper provides a software application of the sampling scope concept for fusion research. The time evolution of Thomson scattering data is reconstructed with a high temporal resolution during a modulated electron cyclotron resonance heating (MECH) phase. The amplitude profile and the delay time profile of the heat pulse propagation are obtained from the reconstructed signal for discharges having on-axis and off-axis MECH depositions. The results are found to be consistent with the MECH deposition.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗