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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Evaluation of interference in the OSU 6 in. by 22 in. transonic airfoil tunnel

Interference in a 6 in. by 22 in. two-dimensional wind tunnel was evaluated at Mach numbers up to 1.06 by comparing pressure distributions from airfoil models of differing size. Models of the NACA 0012 profile, having chords of 76, 152, and 305 mm, were used in one phase of the evaluation program, and models of a supercritical profile, having chords of 76 and 152 mm, were used in another. The confinement interference, was documented i.e., blockage, downwash and streamline curvature, all of which are quite small on a model having a chord of 152 mm and which can, for most applications, be ignored. Specifically, the corrections were lumped into an attack angle adjustment of -0.16 degrees per unit lift coefficient on a 152 mm model.

Lee, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Numerical simulation of the effects of variation of angle of attack and sweep angle on vortex breakdown over delta wings

In the present investigation of the vortical flowfield structure over delta wings at high angles of attack, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulations were conducted to predict the complex leeward flowfield characteristics; these encompass leading-edge separation, secondary separation, and vortex breakdown. Attention is given to the effect on solution accuracy of circumferential grid-resolution variations in the vicinity of the wing leading edge, and well as to the effect of turbulence modeling on the solutions. When a critical angle-of-attack was reached, bubble-type vortex breakdown was found. With further angle-of-attack increase, a change from bubble-type to spiral-type vortex breakdown was predicted by the numerical solution.

Ekaterinaris, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Rarefied-flow shuttle aerodynamics flight model

A model of the Shuttle Orbiter rarefied-flow aerodynamic force coefficients has been derived from the ratio of flight acceleration measurements. The in-situ, low frequency, low level acceleration measurements are made during atmospheric reentry. The experiment equipment designed and used for this task is the High Resolution Accelerometer Package (HiRAP), one of the sensor packages in the Orbiter Experiments Program. To date, 12 HiRAP reentry mission data sets spanning a period of about 10 years have been processed. The HiRAP derived aerodynamics model is described in detail. The model includes normal and axial hypersonic continuum coefficient equations as functions of angle-of-attack, body flap deflection, and elevon deflection. Normal and axial free molecule flow coefficient equations as a function of angle-of-attack are also presented, along with flight derived rarefied-flow transition bridging formulas. Comparisons are made between the aerodynamics model and data from the Orbiter Operational Aerodynamic Design Data Book, and applicable computer simulations and wind-tunnel data.

Blanchard, Robert C.↗
NASA NTRS1941

The Effect of Various Wing-Gun Installations on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Airplane Model Equipped with an NACA Low-Drag Wing, Special Report

An investigation was made in the NACA 19-foot pressure wind tunnel to determine the effect of various win-gun installation on the aerodynamic characteristics of a model with an NACA low-drag wing. Measurements were made of lift and drag over an angle-of-attack range and for several values of dynamic pressure on a four-tenths scale model of a high-speed airplane equipped with the low-drag wing and with various wing-gun installations. Two installations were tested: one in which the blast tube and part of the gun barrel protrude ahead of the wing and another in which the guns is mounted wholly within the wing. Two types of openings for the latter installation were tested. For each installation three simulated guns were mounted in each wing. The results are given in the form of nondimensional coefficients. The installations tested appear to have little effect on the maximum-lift coefficient of the model. However, the drag coefficient shows a definite change. The least adverse effect was obtained with the completely internal mounting and small nose entrance. The results indicate that a properly designed wing-gun installation will have very little adverse effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of the low-drag wing.

Muse, Thomas C.↗
NASA NTRS1954

Wind-tunnel Tests of a Model of a Wingless Fin-controlled Missile to Obtain Static Stability and Control Characteristics Through a Range of Mach Numbers from 0.5 to 0.88

An investigation at medium to high subsonic speeds has been conducted in the Langley low-turbulence pressure tunnel to determine the static stability and control characteristics and to measure the fin normal forces and moments for a model of a wingless fin-controlled missile. The data were obtained at Reynolds number of 2.1 x 10(6) based on the missile maximum diameter or 17.7 x 10(6) based on missile length; this Reynolds number was found to be large enough to avoid any large scale effects between the test and the expected flight Reynolds number. With the horizontal-fin deflection limited to a maximum of 6 degrees, longitudinally stable and trimmed flight could not be maintained beyond an angle of attack of 17 degrees for a Mach number of 0.88 and beyond 20 degrees for a Mach number of 0.50 for any center-of-gravity location without the use of some auxiliary stability or control device such as jet vanes. Mach number had no appreciable effect on the center-of-pressure positions and only a slight effect on neutral-point position. There was a shift in neutral-point position of about 1 caliber as the angle of attack was varied through the range for which the neutral point could be determined. Yawing the model to angles of sideslip up to 7 degrees had little effect on the longitudinal stability at angles of attack up to 15 degrees; however, above 15 degrees, the effect of sideslip was destabilizing. With the vertical fins at a plus-or-minus 6 degree roll deflection, the rolling moment caused by yawing the model at high angles of attack could be trimmed out up to angles of sideslip of 6.5 degrees and an angle of attack of 26 degrees for a Mach number of 0.50; this range of sideslip angles was reduced to 3 degrees at a Mach number of 0.88. The data indicated that, at lower angles of attack, the trim range extended to higher angles of sideslip. The total normal-force and hinge-moment coefficients for both horizontal fins were slightly nonlinear with both angle-of-attack and fin deflection. The effect of Mach number was to reduce the slopes of the hinge-moment coefficient with angle of attack and deflection angle. In general, the effort of increasing the sideslip angle was to reduce the values of the fin normal-force and hinge-moment coefficients.

Burrows, Dale L↗
NASA NTRS2015

Aeroservoelastic Wind-Tunnel Test of the SUGAR Truss Braced Wing Wind-Tunnel Model

The Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) Truss-Braced Wing (TBW) aeroservoelastic (ASE) wind-tunnel test was conducted in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) and was completed in April, 2014. The primary goals of the test were to identify the open-loop flutter boundary and then demonstrate flutter suppression. A secondary goal was to demonstrate gust load alleviation (GLA). Open-loop flutter and limit cycle oscillation onset boundaries were identified for a range of Mach numbers and various angles of attack. Two sets of control laws were designed for the model and both sets of control laws were successful in suppressing flutter. Control laws optimized for GLA were not designed; however, the flutter suppression control laws were assessed using the TDT Airstream Oscillation System. This paper describes the experimental apparatus, procedures, and results of the TBW wind-tunnel test. Acquired system ID data used to generate ASE models is also discussed.2 study.

Scott, Robert C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Investigation of very low blockage ratio boattail models in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel

An investigation at an angle of attack of 0 deg was conducted in a 16 foot transonic tunnel at Mach numbers from 0.4 to 1.05 to determine the limits in Mach number at which valid boattail pressure drag data may be obtained with very low blockage ratio bodies. Extreme care was exercised when examining any data taken at subsonic Mach numbers very near 1.0 and lower than the supersonic Mach number at which shock reflections miss the model. Boattail pressure coefficient distributions did not indicate any error, but when integrated boattail pressure drag data was plotted as a function of Mach number, data which were in error were identified.

Reubush, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Wind-tunnel investigation at supersonic speeds of a canard-controlled missile with fixed and free-rolling tail fins

A wind tunnel investigation was made at free stream Mach numbers from 1.70 to 2.86 to determine the effects of fixed and free rolling tail fin afterbodies on the static longitudinal and lateral aerodynamic characteristics of a cruciform canard controlled missile model. The effect of small canard roll and yaw control deflections was also examined. The results indicate that the fixed and free rolling tail configurations have about the same lift curve slope and longitudinal stability level at low angles of attack. For the free rolling tail configuration, the canards provide conventional roll control with no roll control reversal at low angles of attack. The free rolling tail configuration reduced induced roll due to model roll angle and canard yaw control.

Blair, A. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Propulsion-induced aerodynamics of an ejector-configured STOVL fighter aircraft

Propulsion-induced aerodynamic effects are computed by using data obtained from tests of a full-scale model of the E-7A configuration that were run in the NASA Ames 40 x 80 and 80 x 120-foot tunnels. These effects are shown both in aerodynamic coefficients and nondimensionalized by thrust versus equivalent velocity. The test results show that the full-scale ventral nozzle-induced effects are smaller than scale model data, while the ejector-induced effects demonstrate fair agreement. The effect of tunnel test section size is primarily observed at low and static speed, high thrust conditions, as seen in comparisons of data from both tunnels. The 80 x 120-foot tunnel test gave better static thrust calibrations and permitted a greater range of test freestream velocities and angles-of-attack, extending the database provided by the full-scale model.

Poppen, William A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Identification of aerodynamic models for maneuvering aircraft

A Fourier analysis method was developed to analyze harmonic forced-oscillation data at high angles of attack as functions of the angle of attack and its time rate of change. The resulting aerodynamic responses at different frequencies are used to build up the aerodynamic models involving time integrals of the indicial type. An efficient numerical method was also developed to evaluate these time integrals for arbitrary motions based on a concept of equivalent harmonic motion. The method was verified by first using results from two-dimensional and three-dimensional linear theories. The developed models for C sub L, C sub D, and C sub M based on high-alpha data for a 70 deg delta wing in harmonic motions showed accurate results in reproducing hysteresis. The aerodynamic models are further verified by comparing with test data using ramp-type motions.

Lan, C. Edward↗
NASA NTRS1974

Wind tunnel blockage and support interference effects on winged-body models at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.0

Three sting-mounted winged-body models with tunnel blockages of 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 percent were tested in the Lewis Research Center's 8- by 6- Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel. Fuselage pressures were obtained over a Mach number range of 0.6 to 1.0 at angles of attack from 0 deg to 4 deg. Two other types of model support were investigated, which included simulated wing-tip and fuselage support-strut mountings. The effects of tunnel porosity and sidewall geometry were also investigated. Model blockage effects were small up to M sub 0 = 0.95. At higher speeds the major blockage effect observed was a displacement of the local transonic terminal shocks on the model. The effects of the wing-tip type of model support were small up to M sub 0 = 0.95, but disturbances were observed on the fuselage at higher speeds. Changes in local tunnel porosity were effective in reducing the disturbances up to M sub 0 = 0.975, but a change in sidewall geometry was not.

Blaha, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1959

The Static Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics in the Presence of the Ground of a Model Having a Triangular Wing and Canard

A wind-tunnel investigation was made of the low-speed characteristics of a canard configuration having triangular wing and canard surfaces with an aspect ratio of 2. The exposed area of the canard was 6.9 percent of the total wing area. The canard hinge line was located at 0.35 of its mean aerodynamic chord and was 0.5 wing mean aerodynamic chord lengths forward of the wing apex. The ground effects, which made the lift more positive and the -Pitching moment more negative at a given angle of attack, were unaffected by the canard. The stability of the model at a constant canard hinge-moment coefficient decreased to 0 near a lift coefficient of 1.0. In addition, the maximum lift coefficient at which the canard could provide balance was decreased by ground effects to less than 1.0 if the moment center was as far forward as 0.21 of the wing mean aerodynamic chord. The relative magnitude of interference effects between the canard and the wing and body is presented.

Buell, Donald A.↗
NASA NTRS1955

Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics and Effect of Rocket Jet on Drag of Models of the Hermes A-3A and A-3B Missiles in Free Flight at Mach Numbers From 0.6 to 2.0

A free-flight investigation over a Mach number range from 0.6 to 2.0 has been conducted to determine the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics and effect of rocket jet on zero-lift drag of 1/5-scale models of two ballistic-type missiles, the Hermes A-3A and A-3B. Models of both types of missiles exhibited very nearly linear normal forces and pitching moments over the angle-of-attack range of 8 deg to -4 deg and Mach number range tested. The centers of pressure for both missiles were not appreciably affected by Mach number over the subsonic range; however, between a Mach number of 1.02 and 1.50 the center of pressure for the A-3A model moved forward 0.34 caliber with increasing Mach number. At a trim angle-of-attack of approximately 30 deg, the A-3A model indicated a total drag coefficient 30% higher than the power-off zero-lift drag over the subsonic Mach number range and 10% higher over the supersonic range. Under the conditions of the present test, and excluding the effect of the jet on base drag, there was no indicated effect of the propulsive jet on the total drag of the A-3A model. The propulsive jet operating at a jet pressure ratio p(sub j)/p(sub o) of 0.8 caused approximately 100% increase in base drag over the Mach number range M = 0.6 to 1.0. This increase in base drag amounts to 15% of the total drag. An underexpanded jet operating at jet pressure ratios corresponding approximately to those of the full-scale missile caused a 22% reduction in base drag at M = 1.55 (p(sub j)/p(sub o) = 1.76) but indicated no change at M = 1.30 (p(sub j)/p(sub o) = 1.43). At M = 1.1 and p(sub j)/p(sub o) = 1.55, the jet caused a 50% increase in base drag.

Jackson, H. Herbert↗
NASA NTRS1993

Turbulence model evaluation for the prediction of flows over a supercritical airfoil with deflected aileron at high Reynolds number

Navier-Stokes solutions about a supercritical airfoil with aileron deflection have been computed using the CFL3D code coupled with the Baldwin-Lomax, Johnson-King, Baldwin-Barth, and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models. Computations were made at a Mach number of 0.716 and chord Reynolds numbers of 5, 15, and 25 million. The airfoil was analyzed with both 0 deg and 2 deg (TED) aileron deflections. Comparisons over a range of angles-of-attack showed that solutions obtained using the Baldwin-Barth turbulence model presented the best agreement with experimental pressures and sectional lift coefficients. However, Reynolds number trends in sectional lift coefficient and in aileron effectiveness were not predicted consistently.

Londenberg, W. K.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Fin Buffeting Features of an Early F-22 Model

Fin buffeting is an aeroelastic phenomenon encountered by high performance aircraft, especially those with twin vertical tails that must operate at high angles of attack. This buffeting is a concern from fatigue and inspection points of view. To date, the buffet (unsteady pressures) and buffeting (structural response) characteristics of the F-15 and F/A-18 fins have been studied extensively using flow visualization, flow velocity measurements, pressure transducers, and response gages. By means of windtunnel and flight tests of the F-15 and F/A-18, this phenomenon is well studied to the point that buffet loads can be estimated and fatigue life can he increased by structural enhancements to these airframes. However, prior to the present research, data was not available outside the F-22 program regarding fin buffeting on the F-22 configuration. During a test in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel, flow visualization and unsteady fin surface pressures were recorded for a 13.3%-scale F-22 model at high angles of attack for the purpose of comparing with results available for similar aircraft configurations. Details of this test and fin buffeting are presented herein.

Moses, Robert W.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multifidelity Approach to Sensitivity Estimation in Large-Eddy Simulation

A novel approach to compute affordable approximate sensitivities in a large-eddy simulation (LES) is proposed and assessed. The approach is based on solving a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) problem that has been linearized around the mean LES solution, with closure modeling required for the linearized changes in turbulent Reynolds stresses. In the present study, the closure modeling is based on a linearized algebraic turbulence model. The method is assessed for the flow over a NACA0012 airfoil at a fixed angle of attack, with the Reynolds number as the variable parameter. The results show that, provided an accurate linearized closure model, the method predicts the correct sensitivity of the skin friction coefficient and the mean velocity field at the cost of a linearized RANS, which provides an important proof-of-concept for this approach. Here, the linearized algebraic turbulence model with standard model coefficients produces a reasonably accurate sensitivity, but the results also suggest that accuracy could be gained from recalibrating the model coefficients for this new use of the model.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Autonomous reconfigurable virtual sensing system for cyber-attack neutralization

An industrial asset may be associated with a plurality of monitoring nodes, each monitoring node generating a series of monitoring node values over time representing current operation of the industrial asset. An abnormality detection computer may determine that at least one abnormal monitoring node is currently being attacked or experiencing a fault. A virtual sensing estimator may continuously execute an adaptive learning process to create or update virtual sensor models for the monitoring nodes. Responsive to an indication that a monitoring node is currently being attacked or experiencing a fault, the virtual sensing estimator may be dynamically reconfigured to estimate a series of virtual node values for the abnormal monitoring node or nodes based on information from normal monitoring nodes and appropriate virtual sensor models. The series of monitoring node values from the abnormal monitoring node or nodes may then be replaced with the virtual node values.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗