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At least 973 records · Page 54

Tone and Broadband Noise Separation from Acoustic Data of a Scale-Model Contra-Rotating Open Rotor

Renewed interest in contra-rotating open rotor technology for aircraft propulsion application has prompted the development of advanced diagnostic tools for better design and improved acoustical performance. In particular, the determination of tonal and broadband components of open rotor acoustic spectra is essential for properly assessing the noise control parameters and also for validating the open rotor noise simulation codes. The technique of phase averaging has been employed to separate the tone and broadband components from a single rotor, but this method does not work for the two-shaft contra-rotating open rotor. A new signal processing technique was recently developed to process the contra-rotating open rotor acoustic data. The technique was first tested using acoustic data taken of a hobby aircraft open rotor propeller, and reported previously. The intent of the present work is to verify and validate the applicability of the new technique to a realistic one-fifth scale open rotor model which has 12 forward and 10 aft contra-rotating blades operating at realistic forward flight Mach numbers and tip speeds. The results and discussions of that study are presented in this paper.

Noise Separation↗

Cardiac-Activity Measures for Assessing Airport Ramp-Tower Controller's Workload

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) potentially offer objective, continuous, and non-intrusive measures of human-operator's mental workload. Such measurement capability is attractive for workload assessment in complex laboratory simulations or safety-critical field testing. The present study compares mean HR and HRV data with self-reported subjective workload ratings collected during a high-fidelity human-in-the-loop simulation of airport ramp traffic control operations, which involve complex cognitive and coordination tasks. Mean HR was found to be weakly sensitive to the workload ratings, while HRV was not sensitive or even contradictory to the assumptions. Until more knowledge on stress response mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system is obtained, it is recommended that these cardiac-activity measures be used with other workload assessment tools, such as subjective measures.

Hayashi, Miwa↗

Cardiac-Activity Measures for Assessing Airport Ramp-Tower Controller's Workload

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) potentially offer objective, continuous, and non-intrusive measures of human-operators mental workload. Such measurement capability is attractive for workload assessment in complex laboratory simulations or safety-critical field testing. The present study compares mean HR and HRV data with self-reported subjective workload ratings collected during a high-fidelity human-in-the-loop simulation of airport ramp traffic control operations, which involve complex cognitive and coordination tasks. Mean HR was found to be weakly sensitive to the workload ratings, while HRV was not sensitive or even contradictory to the assumptions. Until more knowledge on stress response mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system is obtained, it is recommended that these cardiac-activity measures be used with other workload assessment tools, such as subjective measures.

Hayashi, Miwa↗

NASA Symposium on Turbulence Modeling: Roadblocks, and the Potential for Machine Learning

A three-day symposium sponsored by NASA was held in July 2022 in Suffolk, Virginia on the subject of Turbulence Modeling: Roadblocks, and the Potential for Machine Learning. This meeting brought together over 80 experts from academia, government, and industry to discuss critical issues for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence and transition models, as well as to evaluate the results from a collaborative testing challenge based on data-driven methods and machine learning technology. This report puts this symposium in context with an earlier similar meeting and summarizes many of the questions, discussions, and conclusions that arose from it. Next steps are suggested.

machine learning↗

Learjet Acoustics Flight Test – An Initial Look

The motivation for the work is the need for an improved ability to predict takeoff noise of future commercial supersonic aircraft. The overall objective is to validate as well as improve the conversion of facility scale-model data and semi-empirical jet-noise predictions to flight noise. As a first step, the processing of data and results from an acoustics flight test are described. The next step involves the comparison of the flight acoustic data and complementary rig-test results. This will be presented in future reports. Ultimately, the goal is improved noise-prediction methods for system studies of future commercial supersonic aircraft.

aeroacoustics, jet noise, flyover noise↗

JPL field measurements at the Finney County, Kansas, test site, October 1976: Ground-based microwave radiometric measurements

Microwave brightness temperature measurements were made as part of the Joint Soil Moisture Experiment. These measurements are reported with a description of the JPL microwave radiometry van facility. The data will be used with ground truth data from the test site and microwave data from aircraft overflights to investigate the potential of microwave radiometry for soil moisture remote sensing under field conditions.

Njoku, E. G.↗

Seascape Interface Control Document (V.1)

This paper serves as the Interface Control Document (ICD) for the Seascape automated test harness developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The primary purposes of the Seascape system are: (1) provide a place for accruing large, curated, labeled data sets useful for developing and evaluating detection and classification algorithms (including, but not limited to, supervised machine learning applications) (2) provide an automated structure for specifying, running and generating reports on algorithm performance. Seascape uses GitLab, Nexus, Solr, and Banana, open source codes, together with code written in the Python language, to automatically provision and configure computational nodes, queue up jobs to accomplish algorithms test runs against the stored data sets, gather the results and generate reports which are then stored in the Nexus artifact server.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Seascape Interface Control Document (V. 2)

This paper serves as the Interface Control Document (ICD) for the Seascape automated test harness developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The primary purposes of the Seascape system are: (1) provide a place for accruing large, curated, labeled data sets useful for developing and evaluating detection and classification algorithms (including, but not limited to, supervised machine learning applications) (2) provide an automated structure for specifying, running and generating reports on algorithm performance. Seascape uses GitLab, Nexus, Solr, and Banana, open source codes, together with code written in the Python language, to automatically provision and configure computational nodes, queue up jobs to accomplish algorithms test runs against the stored data sets, gather the results and generate reports which are then stored in the Nexus artifact server.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Seascape Interface Control Document

This paper serves as the Interface Control Document (ICD) for the Seascape automated test harness developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The primary purposes of the Seascape system are: (1) provide a place for accruing large, curated, labeled data sets useful for developing and evaluating detection and classification algorithms (including, but not limited to, supervised machine learning applications) (2) provide an automated structure for specifying, running and generating reports on algorithm performance. Seascape uses GitLab, Nexus, Solr, and Banana, open source software, together with code written in the Python language, to automatically provision and configure computational nodes, queue up jobs to accomplish algorithms test runs against the stored data sets, gather the results and generate reports which are then stored in the Nexus artifact server.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Compatibility of meteorological rocketsonde data as indicated by international comparison tests

Results of two experiments involving intercomparisons of rocketsonde measurements of temperature and wind data in the 25 to 80 km altitude region in the CIMO (Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations) program during September 1973 are reported. Rocketsonde systems used by France, the USSR, the UK, the U.S., and Japan in the two parts of the program (one series of tests at Wallops Island, Va., the other in French Guiana) are described. Wind data were derived from radar tracking of retardation devices and payloads in descent. Day and night temperature differences were examined. The intercomparisons revealed excellent compatibility of the rocketsonde data up to 60 km in wind observations. Some outstanding problems are pointed out.

Finger, F. G.↗

AGR-5/6/7 Irradiation Disassembly and Metrology First Look

The Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program was established to perform research and development on tristructural isotropic (TRISO)-coated particle fuel to support deployment of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), which are graphite-moderated nuclear reactors cooled with helium. This work continues as part of the Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) TRISO Fuel Program. The overarching program goal is to provide a baseline fuel qualification data set to support licensing, deployment, and operation of HTGRs in the United States. To achieve these goals, the program includes fuel fabrication, irradiations of TRISO fuels and high-temperature materials (e.g., graphite), safety testing and post-irradiation examination (PIE), fuel performance modeling, and fission product transport and source term determination. The ART AGR program has conducted four distinct fuel irradiation experiments in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The first of these irradiation tests, designated AGR-1, began in ATR in December of 2006 and ended in November 2009. This experiment was primarily to act as a shakedown test of the multi-capsule test train design and to provide early data on fuel performance that would be used in fuel fabrication process development. AGR-1 fuel kernels were produced on an engineering scale, but the TRISO coatings and cylindrical fuel compacts were fabricated on a laboratory scale. The AGR-1 PIE was completed and the final report was published in 2015. The second irradiation test, AGR-2, started in ATR in June 2010 and ended in October 2013. The AGR-2 irradiation test was designed to provide fuel performance data for coated particles fabricated on an engineering-scale pilot line using a coater with an internal chamber diameter of 150 mm (6 in.). The final PIE report was published in 2021. AGR-3/4, a single irradiation that combined what were originally conceived as the third and fourth tests, was to support the refinement of fission product transport models and to assess the effects of sweep gas impurities on fuel performance and fission product transport. PIE of the AGR-3/4 experiment is still in progress as of this writing. The subject of this report is AGR-5/6/7, the final qualification test of AGR TRISO fuel made entirely at the engineering scale.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

Weather Information Communication (WINCOMM) VDL-3 and 1090ES Final Test Requirements, Test Plans, and Test Results

NASA s Aviation Safety Program was created for the purpose of making a significant reduction in the incidents of weather related aviation accidents by improving situational awareness. The objectives of that program are being met in part through advances in weather sensor technology, and in part through advances in the communications technology that are developed for use in the National Airspace System. It is this latter element, i.e., the improvements in aviation communication technologies, that is the focus of the Weather Information Communications project. This report describes the final flight test results completed under the WINCOMM project at the NASA Glenn Research Center of the 1090 Extended Squitter (1090ES) and VDL Mode 3 (VDL-3) data links as a medium for weather data exchange. It presents the use of 1090ES to meet the program objectives of sending broadcast turbulence information and the use of VDL-3 to send graphical weather images. This report provides the test requirements and test plans, which led to flight tests, as well as final results from flight testing. The reports define the changes made to both avionics and ground-based receivers as well as the ground infrastructure to support implementation of the recommended architecture, with a focus on the issues associated with these changes.

Griner, James H.↗

UH-60A Airloads Flight Test Program: Data Counter 8513

The data collection portion of the UH-60A Airloads Flight Test Program was conducted between July 1993 and February 1994. At the time, the UH-60A Airloads Program was the most comprehensive and data-rich rotorcraft flight test program that NASA and the U.S. Army had ever attempted. It was part of the Modern Technology Rotors Program, where several different rotors were tested in small- and full-scale wind tunnels combined with flight testing. The UH-60A portion of this program allowed for comparison between other tests performed and served as a scientific quality database for validating current and new computational and simulation models. The UH-60A flight test data was stored in a comprehensive, easily accessed database known as the Tilt Rotor Engineering Database System, or TRENDS. With over 30 years of rotor testing experience, NASA and the Army’s goal of the Airloads Flight Test Program was to collect data for a wide range of operating conditions and provide an extensive amount of data to improve the understanding of rotors and validate and improve prediction codes. This report presents the entire archived data set from Counter 8513 (Run 85, point 13) from the UH-60A Airloads Flight Test Program. There were 1,078 total data set counters acquired and archived during 57 accumulated flight hours and 31 research flights. Over 900 counters were research flight data acquisition data points. Counter 8513 is a low-speed, level-flight test condition.

Kufeld, Robert M.↗

Comparing Test Data on Scale-Model Helicopter Rotors

Hovering data correlate well, but forward-flight data do not. Report compares acoustics and performance of small-scale helicopter rotor with those of full-scale rotor in both hovering and forward flight.

Kitaplioglu, Cahit↗

Compositional Variation Tests on DuraMelter 100 with LAW Sub-Envelope C1 Feed (LAWC22) Glass in Support of the LAW Pilot Melter (Final Report)

The Vitreous State Laboratory at The Catholic University of America (VSL) is developing and testing glass formulations for RPP-WTP waste envelopes to provide data to meet the RPP-WTP contract requirements and to support system design activities. That work is based upon small-scale batch melts (“crucible melts”) using waste envelope simulants. Selected formulations have also been tested in small-scale continuously-fed joule-heated melters (DM10 and DM100 systems) and, ultimately, in the LAW Pilot Melter. Such melter tests provide information on key process factors such as feed processing behavior, dynamic effects during processing, sulfate incorporation, processing rates, off-gas amounts and compositions, foaming control, etc., that cannot be reliably obtained from crucible melts. This sequential scale-up approach in the vitrification testing program ensures that maximum benefit is obtained from the more costly pilot-scale tests and that the most effective use is made of that resource. The principal objective of the work described in this report was to collect the necessary small-scale melter test data with a LAW Sub-Envelope C1 waste simulant in order to support the next series of tests with the same melter feed on the LAW Pilot Melter. This work was conducted under a corresponding Test Specification and Test Plan.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Space Tug Docking Study. Volume 5: Cost Analysis

The cost methodology, summary cost data, resulting cost estimates by Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), technical characteristics data, program funding schedules and the WBS for the costing are discussed. Cost estimates for two tasks of the study are reported. The first, developed cost estimates for design, development, test and evaluation (DDT&E) and theoretical first unit (TFU) at the component level (Level 7) for all items reported in the data base. Task B developed total subsystem DDT&E costs and funding schedules for the three candidate Rendezvous and Docking Systems: manual, autonomous, and hybrid.

Source record↗

Experimental aerodynamic characteristics of two V/STOL fighter/attack aircraft configurations at Mach numbers from 0.4 to 1.4

A wind tunnel test was conducted to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of two horizontal attitude takeoff and landing V/STOL fighter/attack aircraft concepts. In one concept, a jet diffuser ejector was used for the vertical lift system; the other used a remote augmentation lift system (RALS). Wind tunnel tests to investigate the aerodynamic uncertainties and to establish a data base for these types of concepts were conducted over a Mach number range from 0.2 to 2.0. The present report covers tests, conducted in the 11 foot transonic wind tunnel, for Mach numbers from 0.4 to 1.4. Detailed effects of varying the angle of attack (up to 27 deg), angle of sideslip (-4 deg to +8 deg), Mach number, Reynolds number, and configuration buildup were investigated. In addition, the effects of wing trailing edge flap deflections, canard incidence, and vertical tail deflections were explored. Variable canard longitudinal location and different shapes of the inboard nacelle body strakes were also investigated.

Nelms, W. P.↗

Aerodynamic Performance of a Compact, High Work-Factor Centrifugal Compressor at the Stage and Subcomponent Level

The measured aerodynamic performance of a compact, high work-factor, single-stage centrifugal compressor, comprising an impeller, diffuser, 90º-bend, and exit guide vane is reported. Performance levels are based on steady-state total-pressure and total-temperature rake and angularity-probe data acquired at key machine rating planes during recent testing at NASA Glenn Research Center. Aerodynamic performance at the stage level is reported for operation between 70 to 105% of design corrected speed, with subcomponent (impeller, diffuser, and exit-guide-vane) flow field measurements presented and discussed at the 100% design-speed condition. Individual component losses from measurements are compared with pre-test CFD predictions on a limited basis.

Compressor↗