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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Zero field high frequency oscillations in dual free layer spin torque oscillators

We observe microwave oscillations in relatively simple spin valve spin torque oscillators consisting of two in-plane free layers without spin polarizing layers. These devices exhibit two distinct modes which can reach frequencies >25 GHz in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Macrospin simulations identify these two modes as optical and acoustic modes excited by the coupling of the two layers through dipole field and spin torque effects. These results demonstrate the potential of this system as a large output power, ultrahigh frequency signal generator that can operate without magnetic field.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Induced representations of tensors and spinors of any rank in the Stueckelberg-Horwitz-Piron theory

We show that a modification of Wigner’s induced representation for the description of a relativistic particle with spin can be used to construct spinors and tensors of arbitrary rank, with invariant decomposition over angular momentum. In particular, scalar and vector fields, as well as the representations of their transformations, are constructed. The method that is developed here admits the construction of wave packets and states of a many body relativistic system with definite total angular momentum. Furthermore, a Pauli-Lubanski operator is constructed on the orbit of the induced representation which provides a Casimir operator for the Poincaré group and which contains the physical intrinsic angular momentum of the particle covariantly.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Precision Tomography of a Three-Qubit Donor Quantum Processor in Silicon

Nuclear spins were among the first physical platforms to be considered for quantum information processing, because of their exceptional quantum coherence and atomic-scale footprint. However, their full potential for quantum computing has not yet been realized, owing to the lack of methods with which to link nuclear qubits within a scalable device combined with multi-qubit operations with sufficient fidelity to sustain fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we demonstrate universal quantum logic operations using a pair of ion-implanted 31 P donor nuclei in a silicon nanoelectronic device. A nuclear two-qubit controlled-Z gate is obtained by imparting a geometric phase to a shared electron spin, and used to prepare entangled Bell states with fidelities up to 94.2(2.7)%. The quantum operations are precisely characterized using gate set tomography (GST), yielding one-qubit average gate fidelities up to 99.95(2)%, two-qubit average gate fidelity of 99.37(11)% and two-qubit preparation/measurement fidelities of 98.95(4)%. These three metrics indicate that nuclear spins in silicon are approaching the performance demanded in fault-tolerant quantum processors. We then demonstrate entanglement between the two nuclei and the shared electron by producing a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger three-qubit state with 92.5(1.0)% fidelity. Because electron spin qubits in semiconductors can be further coupled to other electrons or physically shuttled across different locations, these results establish a viable route for scalable quantum information processing using donor nuclear and electron spins.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2 Shortwave Daily Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2_SW_DAILY)

This data set contains upward and downward fluxes, photosynthetically active radiative flux, aerosol and cloud optical depth, cloud fraction, and solar zenith angle measured at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire globe between 07/01/1983 and 10/31/1995. These SW surface radiative parameters were derived with the Shortwave algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1983-07-01; Stop_Date=1998-07-26] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=daily; Temporal_Resolution_Range=daily].

ALL SKY SW SURFACE UPWARD FLUX↗
DOE OSTI2010

Enhancement of {sup 129}Xe polarization by off-resonant spin exchange optical pumping

A high power narrow line width (38 W, 0.09 nm full width at half maximum) external cavity diode laser is investigated for rubidium spin exchange optical pumping of {sup 129}Xe. This tunable photon source has a constant line width, independent of operating power or wavelength within a 1 nm tuning range. When using this laser, an increase in the {sup 129}Xe nuclear polarization is observed when optically pumping at a lower wavelength than the measured Rb electron D{sub 1} absorption. The exact detuning from D{sub 1} for the highest polarization is dependent upon the gas density. Furthermore, at high power and/or high Rb density, a reduction in the polarization occurs at the optimum wavelength as previously reported in spin exchange optical pumping studies of {sup 3}He which is consistent with high absorption close to the cell front face. These results are encouraging for moderate high throughput polarization of {sup 129}Xe in the midpressure range of (0.5-2.0 amagat).

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Configuration interaction wave functions: A seniority number approach

This work deals with the configuration interaction method when an N-electron Hamiltonian is projected on Slater determinants which are classified according to their seniority number values. We study the spin features of the wave functions and the size of the matrices required to formulate states of any spin symmetry within this treatment. Correlation energies associated with the wave functions arising from the seniority-based configuration interaction procedure are determined for three types of molecular orbital basis: canonical molecular orbitals, natural orbitals, and the orbitals resulting from minimizing the expectation value of the N-electron seniority number operator. The performance of these bases is analyzed by means of numerical results obtained from selected N-electron systems of several spin symmetries. The comparison of the results highlights the efficiency of the molecular orbital basis which minimizes the mean value of the seniority number for a state, yielding energy values closer to those provided by the full configuration interaction procedure.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

A simple coin for a 2d entangled walk

We analyze the effect of a simple coin operator, built out of Bell pairs, in a 2d Discrete Quantum Random Walk (DQRW) problem. The specific form of the coin enables us to find analytical and closed form solutions to the recursion relations of the DQRW. The coin induces entanglement between the spin and position degrees of freedom, which oscillates with time and reaches a constant value asymptotically. We probe the entangling properties of the coin operator further, by two different measures. First, by integrating over the space of initial tensor product states, we determine the Entangling Power of the coin operator. Secondly, we compute the Generalized Relative Rényi Entropy between the corresponding density matrices for the entangled state and the initial pure unentangled state. Both the Entangling Power and Generalized Relative Rényi Entropy behaves similar to the entanglement with time. Finally, in the continuum limit, the specific coin operator reduces the 2d DQRW into two 1d massive fermions coupled to synthetic gauge fields, where both the mass term and the gauge fields are built out of the coin parameters.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

BiMnFe2O6 a Polysynthetically Twinned hcp MO Structure

The most efficient use of spatial volume and the lowest potential energies in the metal oxide structures are based on cubic close packing (ccp) or hexagonal close packing (hcp) of anions with cations occupying the interstices. A promising way to tune the composition of close packed oxides and design new compounds is related to fragmenting the parent structure into modules by periodically spaced planar interfaces, such as twin planes at the unit cell scale. The unique crystal chemistry properties of cations with a lone electron pair, such as Bi{sup 3+} or Pb{sup 2+}, when located at interfaces, enables them to act as 'chemical scissors', to help relieve configurational strain. With this approach, we synthesized a new oxide, BiMnFe{sub 2}O{sub 6}, where fragments of the hypothetical hcp oxygen-based MO structure (the NiAs structure type), for the first time, serve as the building modules in a complex transition metal oxide. Mn{sup 3+} and Fe{sup 3+} ions are randomly distributed in two crystallographically independent sites (M1 and M2). The structure consists of quasi two-dimensional blocks of the 2H hexagonal close packed MO structure cut along the (114) crystal plane of the hcp lattice and stacked along the c axis. The blocks are related by a mirror operation that allows BiMnFe{sub 2}O{sub 6} to be considered as a polysynthetically twinned 2H hcp MO structure. The transition to an AFM state with an incommensurate spin configuration at {approx}212 K is established by {sup 57}Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and low temperature powder neutron diffraction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

A Full Demand Response Model in Co-Optimized Energy and

It has been widely accepted that demand response will play an important role in reliable and economic operation of future power systems and electricity markets. Demand response can not only influence the prices in the energy market by demand shifting, but also participate in the reserve market. In this paper, we propose a full model of demand response in which demand flexibility is fully utilized by price responsive shiftable demand bids in energy market as well as spinning reserve bids in reserve market. A co-optimized day-ahead energy and spinning reserve market is proposed to minimize the expected net cost under all credible system states, i.e., expected total cost of operation minus total benefit of demand, and solved by mixed integer linear programming. Numerical simulation results on the IEEE Reliability Test System show effectiveness of this model. Compared to conventional demand shifting bids, the proposed full demand response model can further reduce committed capacity from generators, starting up and shutting down of units and the overall system operating costs.

bidding mechanism↗
DOE OSTI2017

Microgrid Optimal Scheduling With Chance-Constrained Islanding Capability

To facilitate the integration of variable renewable generation and improve the resilience of electricity sup-ply in a microgrid, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling strategy for microgrid operation considering constraints of islanding capability. A new concept, probability of successful islanding (PSI), indicating the probability that a microgrid maintains enough spinning reserve (both up and down) to meet local demand and accommodate local renewable generation after instantaneously islanding from the main grid, is developed. The PSI is formulated as mixed-integer linear program using multi-interval approximation taking into account the probability distributions of forecast errors of wind, PV and load. With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost while preserving user specified PSI, a chance-constrained optimization problem is formulated for the optimal scheduling of mirogrids and solved by mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Numerical simulations on a microgrid consisting of a wind turbine, a PV panel, a fuel cell, a micro-turbine, a diesel generator and a battery demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling strategy. Lastly, we verify the relationship between PSI and various factors.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

A high-performance implementation of atomistic spin dynamics simulations on x86 CPUs

Atomistic spin dynamics simulations provide valuable information about the energy spectrum of magnetic materials in different phases, allowing one to identify instabilities and the nature of their excitations. However, the time cost of evaluating the dynamical correlation function S(q,t) increases quadratically as the number of spins N, leading to significant computational effort, making the simulation of large spin systems very challenging. In this work, here, we propose to use a highly optimized general matrix multiply (GEMM) subroutine to calculate the dynamical spin-spin correlation function that can achieve near-optimal hardware utilization. Furthermore, we fuse the element-wise operations in the calculation of S(q,t) into the in-house GEMM kernel, which results in further performance improvements of 44\% - 71\% on several relatively large lattice sizes when compared to the implementation that uses the GEMM subroutine in OpenBLAS, which is the state-of-the-art open source library for Basic Linear Algebra Subroutine (BLAS).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2.5 QC Longwave 3 hourly Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2.5_QCLW_3HRLY)

This data set contains average surface downward longwave flux, surface net longwave flux, and surface longwave cloud radiative forcing at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire glob between 07/01/1983 and 06/30/2005. These LW surface radiative parameters were derived with the Quality-Check LW (QCLW) algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=3-hourly; Temporal_Resolution_Range=3-hourly].

SURFACE DOWNWARD LONGWAVE FLUX↗
DOE OSTI2022

Transition metal impurities in silicon: computational search for a semiconductor qubit

Abstract Semiconductors offer a promising platform for physical implementation of qubits, but their broad adoption is presently hindered by limited scalability and/or very low operating temperatures. Learning from the nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, our goal is to find equivalent optically active point defect centers in crystalline silicon, which could be advantageous for their scalability and integration with classical devices. Transition metal (TM) impurities in silicon are common paramagnetic deep defects, but a comprehensive theoretical study of the whole 3 d series that considers generalized Koopmans’ condition is missing. We apply the HSE06(+U) method to examine their potential as optically active spin qubits and identify seven TM impurities that have optically allowed triplet–triplet transitions within the silicon band gap. These results provide the first step toward silicon-based qubits with higher operating temperatures for quantum sensing. Additionally, these point defects could lead to spin-photon interfaces in silicon-based qubits and devices for mid-infrared free-space communications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Physics of spinning gases and plasmas

Initially motivated by the problem of compression of spinning plasma in Z-pinch devices and related applications, the thesis explores a number of interesting smaller-scale problems related to physics of gas and plasma rotation. In particular, thermodynamics of ideal spinning gas is studied. It is found that rotation modifies the heat capacity of the gas and reduces the gas compressibility. It is also proposed that, by performing a series of measurement of external parameters of a spinning gas, one can infer the distribution of masses of gas constituents. It is also proposed how to use the rotation-dependent heat capacity for improving the thermodynamic efficiency of internal combustion engines. To that end, two possible engine embodiments are proposed and explored in detail. In addition, a transient piezothermal effect is discovered numerically and is given a theoretical explanation. The effect consists of the formation of a radial temperature gradient driven by gas heating or compression along the rotation axis. By elaborating on this idea, a theoretical explanation is proposed also for the operation of so-called vortex tubes, which so far have been lacking rigorous theory. Finally, adiabatic compression of spinning plasmas and ionized gases are considered, and the effect of the electrostatic interactions on the compressibility and heat capacity is predicted.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

The RHIC and RHIC pre-injectors controls systems: status and plans

For the past twelve years experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have recorded data from collisions of heavy ions and polarized protons, leading to important discoveries in nuclear physics and the spin dynamics of quarks and gluons. BNL is the site of one of the first and still operating alternating gradient synchrotrons, the AGS, which first operated in 1960. The accelerator controls systems for these instruments span multiple generations of technologies. In this report we will describe the current status of the Collider-Accelerator Department controls systems, which are used to control seven different accelerator facilities and multiple science programs (high energy nuclear physics, high energy polarized proton physics, NASA programs, isotope production, and multiple accelerator research and development projects). We will describe the status of current projects, such as the just completed Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), our R&D programs in superconducting RF and an Energy Recovery LINAC (ERL), innovations in feedback systems and bunched beam stochastic cooling at RHIC, and plans for future controls system developments.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Nucleon spin-averaged forward virtual Compton tensor at large Q 2

Here, the nucleon spin-averaged forward virtual Compton tensor determines important physical quantities such as electromagnetically-induced mass differences of nucleons, and two-photon exchange contributions in hydrogen spectroscopy. It depends on two kinematic variables: $\nu$, the virtual photon energy in the proton rest frame, and $Q^2$, the photon's invariant four-momentum squared. Using the operator product expansion, we calculate the tensor's large-$Q^2$ behavior for $\nu=0$, including for the first time the full spin-2 contribution and correcting a previous result for the spin-0 contribution. Implications for the proton radius puzzle are discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Contributions of the electronic spin and orbital current to the CoCl{sub 4}{sup 2-} magnetic field probed in polarised neutron diffraction experiments

Polarised neutron diffraction experiments conducted at 4.2 K on Cs{sub 3}CoCl{sub 5} crystals have been analysed by using a four-dimensional model Hilbert space made of ab initio n-electron wave functions of the CoCl{sub 4}{sup 2-} molecular ion. Two spin-orbit mixing coefficients and several configuration interaction coefficients have been optimized by fitting calculated magnetic structure factors to experimental ones, to obtain the best ensemble density operator that is representable in the model space. A goodness of fit, {chi}{sup 2}, less then 1 has been obtained for the first time for the two experimental data sets available. In the present article, the optimized density operators are used to calculate the magnetic field densities that are the genuine observables probed in neutron diffraction experiments. Density maps of such observables are presented for the first time and numerical details are provided. The respective contributions of spin density and orbital current to the magnetic field density are analyzed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Search for high-mass $Wγ$ and $Zγ$ resonances using hadronic $W/Z$ boson decays from 139 fb –1 of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for high-mass charged and neutral bosons decaying to $Wγ$ and $Zγ$ final states is presented in this paper. The analysis uses a data sample of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb –1 collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC Run 2 operation. The sensitivity of the search is determined using models of the production and decay of spin-1 charged bosons and spin-0/2 neutral bosons. The range of resonance masses explored extends from 1.0 TeV to 6.8 TeV. At these high resonance masses, it is beneficial to target the hadronic decays of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons because of their large branching fractions. The decay products of the high-momentum $W/Z$ bosons are strongly collimated and boosted-boson tagging techniques are employed to improve the sensitivity. No evidence of a signal above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed, and upper limits on the production cross-sections of these bosons times their branching fractions to $Wγ$ and $Zγ$ are derived for various boson production models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗