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At least 973 records · Page 54
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DOE OSTI2020

Gravitational duals to the grand canonical ensemble abhor Cauchy horizons

The gravitational dual to the grand canonical ensemble of a large N holographic theory is a charged black hole. These spacetimes - for example Reissner- Nordström-AdS - can have Cauchy horizons that render the classical gravitational dynamics of the black hole interior incomplete. We show that a (spatially uniform) deformation of the CFT by a neutral scalar operator generically leads to a black hole with no inner horizon. There is instead a spacelike Kasner singularity in the interior. For relevant deformations, Cauchy horizons never form. For certain irrelevant deformations, Cauchy horizons can exist at one specific temperature. We show that the scalar field triggers a rapid collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge at the would-be Cauchy horizon. Finally, we make some observations on the interior of charged dilatonic black holes where the Kasner exponent at the singularity exhibits an attractor mechanism in the low temperature limit.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

A New Model of Pseudogap Physics in the Cuprates

We discuss a short-range order mechanism for understanding pseudogap physics of cuprates in which the competition between a variety of magnetic orders frustrates the development of the long-range order. We show in particular that the competition between the effects of Van Hove singularity nesting and conventional Fermi surface nesting leads to a material-dependent transition between Mott and Slater physics, and the emergence of a spin-frustrated state in the crossover region.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Topological Insulator: Surface Localized States

The possibility of formation of the localized states near the surface for the sample with small energy gap value in the bulk excitation spectrum is analysed. The existence of such a phenomenon is more realistic for narrow gap insulator with conic singularity in the excitation spectrum. Nevertheless, existence of such singularity is not sufficient for formation of surface localized states. Essential role is played by additional potential, which creates the surface.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Quantum motion of a point particle in the presence of the Aharonov–Bohm potential in curved space

The nonrelativistic quantum dynamics of a spinless charged particle in the presence of the Aharonov–Bohm potential in curved space is considered. We chose the surface as being a cone defined by a line element in polar coordinates. The geometry of this line element establishes that the motion of the particle can occur on the surface of a cone or an anti-cone. As a consequence of the nontrivial topology of the cone and also because of two-dimensional confinement, the geometric potential should be taken into account. At first, we establish the conditions for the particle describing a circular path in such a context. Because of the presence of the geometric potential, which contains a singular term, we use the self-adjoint extension method in order to describe the dynamics in all space including the singularity. Expressions are obtained for the bound state energies and wave functions. -- Highlights: •Motion of particle under the influence of magnetic field in curved space. •Bound state for Aharonov–Bohm problem. •Particle describing a circular path. •Determination of the self-adjoint extension parameter.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

On the stability of Einstein static universe in general scalar–tensor theory with non-minimal derivative coupling

The emergent scenario claims that our universe stems from an Einstein static universe, and provides a possible way to avoid the big bang singularity. A successful Einstein static universe requires to be stable past eternally against both homogeneous and inhomogeneous scalar perturbations. In this paper, we study the stability of Einstein static universes in general scalar–tensor theory with non-minimal derivative coupling by analyzing scalar and tensor perturbations. Our results show that the Einstein static solutions are stable against both scalar and tensor perturbations, and the emergent scenario is viable to avoid the initial singularity in this theory.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Einstein–Cartan cosmologies

Cosmologies based on General Relativity encompassing an anti-symmetric connection (torsion) can display nice desirable features as the absence of the initial singularity and the possibility of inflation in the early stage of the universe. After briefly reviewing the standard approach to the cosmology with torsion, we generalize it to demonstrate that several theories of torsion gravity are possible using different choices of the diffeomorphic invariants in the Lagrangians. As a result, distinct cosmologies emerge. In all of them it is possible that the universe avoids the initial singularity and passes through an initial accelerated expansion. Differences between these theories are highlighted.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Strange stars in Krori–Barua spacetime under f(R,T) gravity

Highlights: We study anisotropic strange star in f(R,T) gravity under Krori–Barua spacetime. The set of solutions provides non-singular as well as stable stellar model. Using observed values for mass and radius, we calculate different physical parameters. The coupling constant χ, between matter and geometry, is the key factor in f(R,T) gravity. - Abstract: In the present work, we study about highly dense compact stars which are made of quarks, specially strange quarks, adopting the Krori–Barua (KB) (Krori and Barua, 1975) metric in the framework of f(R,T) gravity. The equation of state (EOS) of a strange star can be represented by the MIT bag model as p r (r)=(1/3)[ρ(r)-4B g ] where B g is the bag constant, arises due to the quark pressure. Main motive behind our study is to find out singularity free and physically acceptable solutions for different features of strange stars. Here we also investigate the effect of alternative gravity in the formation of strange stars. We find that our model is consistent with various energy conditions and also satisfies Herrera’s cracking condition, TOV equation, static stability criteria of Harrison–Zel'dovich–Novikov etc. The value of the adiabatic indices as well as the EOS parameters re-establishes the acceptability of our model. Here in detail we have studied specifically three different strange star candidates, viz. PSRJ 1614 2230,Vela X-1 and Cen X-3. As a whole, present model fulfils all the criteria for stability. Another fascinating point we have discussed is the value of the bag constant which lies in the range (40-45) MeV/fm 3 . This is quite smaller than the predicted range, i.e., (55–75) MeV/fm 3 (Farhi and Jaffe, 1984 [2]; Alcock et al., 1986 [3]). The presence of the constant (χ), arises due to the coupling between matter and geometry, is responsible behind this reduction in B g value. For χ=0, we get the higher value for B g as the above mentioned predicted range.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Gravastars in (3+1) dimensions admitting Karmarkar condition

Highlights: • Model of Gravastar in (3+1) dimensions is studied under GR. • Karmarkar condition of Embedding class 1 has been incorporated. • The class 1 condition provides an exact solution of three regions of gravastar. • Surface redshift confirms the stability of the model which is non-singular. - Abstract: The development of gravastar model by Mazur and Mottola (2004) is one of the most acceptable alternatives of conventional classical black hole. They have studied phase transition of the collapsing stellar objects at low temperature near event horizon which leads to the condensate phase, i.e. Bose–Einstein condensation. In the present study we have obtained a unique solution of this gravastar model under Einstein’s GR in (3+1) dimensions by incorporating the Karmarkar condition for embedding class 1. The most important motive of this work is to find an exact solution of the shell without taking the thin shell approximation. We have obtained singularity free finite solutions for the interior of the gravastar.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Solving scattering problems in the half-line using methods developed for scattering in the full line

We reduce the solution of the scattering problem defined on the half-line [0,∞) by a real or complex potential v(x) and a general homogeneous boundary condition at x=0 to that of the extension of v(x) to the full line that vanishes for x<0. We find an explicit expression for the reflection amplitude of the former problem in terms of the reflection and transmission amplitudes of the latter. We obtain a set of conditions on these amplitudes under which the potential in the half-line develops bound states, spectral singularities, and time-reversed spectral singularities where the potential acts as a perfect absorber. We examine the application of these results in the study of the scattering properties of a δ-function potential and a finite barrier potential defined in [0,∞), discuss optical systems modeled by these potentials, and explore the configurations in which these systems act as a laser or perfect absorber. In particular, we derive an explicit formula for the laser threshold condition for a slab laser with a single mirror and establish the surprising fact that a nearly perfect mirror gives rise to a lower threshold gain than a perfect mirror. We also offer a nonlinear extension of our approach which allows for utilizing a recently developed nonlinear transfer matrix method in the full line to deal with finite-range nonlinear scattering interactions defined in the half-line.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

A conservative spectral method for the Boltzmann equation with anisotropic scattering and the grazing collisions limit

We present the formulation of a conservative spectral method for the Boltzmann collision operator with anisotropic scattering cross-sections. The method is an extension of the conservative spectral method of Gamba and Tharkabhushanam [17,18], which uses the weak form of the collision operator to represent the collisional term as a weighted convolution in Fourier space. The method is tested by computing the collision operator with a suitably cut-off angular cross section and comparing the results with the solution of the Landau equation. We analytically study the convergence rate of the Fourier transformed Boltzmann collision operator in the grazing collisions limit to the Fourier transformed Landau collision operator under the assumption of some regularity and decay conditions of the solution to the Boltzmann equation. Our results show that the angular singularity which corresponds to the Rutherford scattering cross section is the critical singularity for which a grazing collision limit exists for the Boltzmann operator. Additionally, we numerically study the differences between homogeneous solutions of the Boltzmann equation with the Rutherford scattering cross section and an artificial cross section, which give convergence to solutions of the Landau equation at different asymptotic rates. We numerically show the rate of the approximation as well as the consequences for the rate of entropy decay for homogeneous solutions of the Boltzmann equation and Landau equation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Optimal control of wave energy converters

Optimal control theory is applied to compute control for a single-degree-of-freedom heave wave energy converter. The goal is to maximize the energy extraction per cycle. Both constrained and unconstrained optimal control problems are presented. Both periodic and non-periodic excitation forces are considered. In contrast to prior work, it is shown that for this non-autonomous system, the optimal control, in general, includes both singular arc and bang-bang modes. Conditions that determine the switching times to/from the singular arc are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed optimal control solution matches the solution obtained using the complex conjugate control. A generic linear dynamic model is used in the simulations. In conclusion, the main advantage of the proposed control is that it finds the optimal control without the need for wave prediction; it only requires the knowledge of the excitation force and its derivatives at the current time.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2013

Quantum ground state effect on fluctuation rates in nano-patterned superconducting structures

In this Letter, we present a theoretical model with experimental verifications to describe the abnormal behaviors of the measured fluctuation rates occurring in nano-patterned superconducting structures below the critical temperature. In the majority of previous works, it is common to describe the fluctuation rate by defining a fixed ground state or initial state level for the singularities (vortex or vortex-antivortex pairs), and then employing the well-known rate equations to calculate the liberation rates. Although this approach gives an acceptable qualitative picture, without utilizing free parameters, all the models have been inadequate in describing the temperature dependence of the rate for a fixed width or the width dependence of the rate for a fixed temperature. Here, we will show that by defining a current-controlled ground state level for both the vortex and vortex-antivortex liberation mechanisms, the dynamics of these singularities are described for a wide range of temperatures and widths. According to this study, for a typical strip width, not only is the vortex-antivortex liberation higher than the predicted rate, but also quantum tunneling is significant in certain conditions and can not be neglected.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Friedmann equation with quantum potential

Friedmann equations are used to describe the evolution of the universe. Solving Friedmann equations for the scale factor indicates that the universe starts from an initial singularity where all the physical laws break down. However, the Friedmann equations are well describing the late-time or large scale universe. Hence now, many physicists try to find an alternative theory to avoid this initial singularity. In this paper, we generate a version of first Friedmann equation which is added with an additional term. This additional term contains the quantum potential energy which is believed to play an important role at small scale. However, it will gradually become negligible when the universe evolves to large scale.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Extended space expectation values of position related operators for hydrogen-like quantum system evolutions

The expectation value definitions over an extended space from the considered Hilbert space of the system under consideration is given in another paper of the second author in this symposium. There, in that paper, the conceptuality rather than specification is emphasized on. This work uses that conceptuality to investigate the time evolutions of the position related operators' expectation values not in its standard meaning but rather in a new version of the definition over not the original Hilbert space but in the space obtained by extensions via introducing the images of the given initial wave packet under the positive integer powers of the system Hamiltonian. These images may not be residing in the same space of the initial wave packet when certain singularities appear in the structure of the system Hamiltonian. This may break down the existence of the integrals in the definitions of the expectation values. The cure is the use of basis functions in the abovementioned extended space and the sandwiching of the target operator whose expectation value is under questioning by an appropriately chosen operator guaranteeing the existence of the relevant integrals. Work specifically focuses on the hydrogen-like quantum systems whose Hamiltonians contain a polar singularity at the origin.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

A self-consistent two-fluid model of a magnetized plasma-wall transition

A self-consistent one-dimensional two-fluid model of the magnetized plasma-wall transition is presented. The model includes magnetic field, elastic collisions between ions and electrons, and creation/annihilation of charged particles. Two systems of differential equations are derived. The first system describes the whole magnetized plasma-wall transition region, which consists of the pre-sheath, the magnetized pre-sheath (Chodura layer), and the sheath, which is not neutral, but contains a positive space charge. The second system of equations describes only the neutral part of the plasma-wall transition region—this means only the pre-sheath and the Chodura layer, but not also the sheath. Both systems are solved numerically. The first system of equations has two singularities. The first occurs when ion velocity in the direction perpendicularly to the wall drops below the ion thermal velocity. The second occurs when the electron velocity in the direction perpendicularly to the wall exceeds the electron thermal velocity. The second system of differential equations only has one singularity, which has also been derived analytically. For finite electron to ion mass ratio, the integration of the second system always breaks down before the Bohm criterion is fulfilled. Some properties of the first system of equations are examined. It is shown that the increased collision frequency demagnetizes the plasma. On the other hand, if the magnetic field is so strong that the ion Larmor radius and the Debye length are comparable, the electron velocity in the direction perpendicularly to the wall reaches the electron thermal velocity before the ion velocity in the direction perpendicularly to the wall reaches the ion sound velocity. In this case, the integration of the model equations breaks down before the Bohm criterion is fulfilled and the sheath is formed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Modeling solvation effects in real-space and real-time within density functional approaches

The Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) can be used in conjunction with Density Functional Theory (DFT) and its time-dependent extension (TDDFT) to simulate the electronic and optical properties of molecules and nanoparticles immersed in a dielectric environment, typically liquid solvents. In this contribution, we develop a methodology to account for solvation effects in real-space (and real-time) (TD)DFT calculations. The boundary elements method is used to calculate the solvent reaction potential in terms of the apparent charges that spread over the van der Waals solute surface. In a real-space representation, this potential may exhibit a Coulomb singularity at grid points that are close to the cavity surface. We propose a simple approach to regularize such singularity by using a set of spherical Gaussian functions to distribute the apparent charges. We have implemented the proposed method in the OCTOPUS code and present results for the solvation free energies and solvatochromic shifts for a representative set of organic molecules in water.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Lightlike hypersurfaces along spacelike submanifolds in anti-de Sitter space

Anti-de Sitter space is the Lorentzian space form with negative curvature. In this paper, we consider lightlike hypersurfaces along spacelike submanifolds in anti-de Sitter space with general codimension. In particular, we investigate the singularities of lightlike hypersurfaces as an application of the theory of Legendrian singularities.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Effect of impurity doping on tunneling conductance in AB-stacked bi-layer graphene: A tight-binding study

We report here a microscopic tight-binding model calculation for AB-stacked bilayer graphene in presence of biasing potential between the two layers and the impurity effects to study the evolution of the total density of states with special emphasis on opening of band gap near Dirac point. We have calculated the electron Green’s functions for both the A and B sub-lattices by Zubarev technique. The imaginary part of the Green’s function gives the partial and total density of states of electrons. The density of states are computed numerically for 1000 × 1000 grid points of the electron momentum. The evolution of the opening of band gap near van-Hove singularities as well as near Dirac point is investigated by varying the different interlayer hoppings and the biasing potentials. The inter layer hopping splits the density of states at van-Hove singularities and produces a V-shaped gap near Dirac point. Further the biasing potential introduces a U shaped gap near Dirac point with a density minimum at the applied potential(i.e. at V/2).

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗