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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2009

Ares I-X Flight Test Vehicle Similitude to the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle

The Ares I-X Flight Test Vehicle is the first in a series of flight test vehicles that will take the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle design from development to operational capability. Ares I-X is scheduled for a 2009 flight date, early enough in the Ares I design and development process so that data obtained from the flight can impact the design of Ares I before its Critical Design Review. Decisions on Ares I-X scope, flight test objectives, and FTV fidelity were made prior to the Ares I systems requirements being baselined. This was necessary in order to achieve a development flight test to impact the Ares I design. Differences between the Ares I-X and the Ares I configurations are artifacts of formulating this experimental project at an early stage and the natural maturation of the Ares I design process. This paper describes the similarities and differences between the Ares I-X Flight Test Vehicle and the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle. Areas of comparison include the outer mold line geometry, aerosciences, trajectory, structural modes, flight control architecture, separation sequence, and relevant element differences. Most of the outer mold line differences present between Ares I and Ares I-X are minor and will not have a significant effect on overall vehicle performance. The most significant impacts are related to the geometric differences in Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle at the forward end of the stack. These physical differences will cause differences in the flow physics in these areas. Even with these differences, the Ares I-X flight test is poised to meet all five primary objectives and six secondary objectives. Knowledge of what the Ares I-X flight test will provide in similitude to Ares I - as well as what the test will not provide - is important in the continued execution of the Ares I-X mission leading to its flight and the continued design and development of Ares I.

Huebner, Lawrence D.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Mapping resonant inelastic x-ray scattering onto electronic structure of iridium compounds

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is an indispensable tool that can selectively probe the electronic structure of active sites in energy conversion systems, for example, iridium oxides. However, decoding the RIXS spectra remains challenging due to its inherently complex many-body interactions. Here, we analyze Ir L 3 edge RIXS spectra of Ir, IrCl 3 , and IrO 2 , employing the joint density of states (JDOS) calculated directly from electronic band-structure calculations. The overall energy-loss features in the RIXS spectra are well reproduced by the JDOS, reaffirming the close correspondence between electron–hole excitations and RIXS spectra observed in prior studies. Intriguingly, the RIXS spectra above ∼4 eV in metallic Ir and IrO 2 follow a power-law behavior, 𝐼 RIXS ~Δ −𝑝 , where Δ is the energy loss and p is the associated power-law exponent. This is consistent with edge-singularity behavior commonly found in resonant X-ray scattering from metallic samples. Furthermore, orbital-projected JDOS enables a decomposition of the IrO 2 spectrum into specific dd transitions, providing a clear interpretation of orbital excitations and an efficient strategy for decoding RIXS spectra in iridium-based energy conversion systems.

5d↗
DOE OSTI2024

X-ray nano-holotomography reconstruction with simultaneous probe retrieval

In conventional tomographic reconstruction, the pre-processing step includes flat-field correction, where each sample projection on the detector is divided by a reference image taken without the sample. When using coherent X-rays as a probe, this approach overlooks the phase component of the illumination field (probe), leading to artifacts in phase-retrieved projection images, which are then propagated to the reconstructed 3D sample representation. The problem intensifies in nano-holotomography with focusing optics, which, due to various imperfections creates high-frequency components in the probe function. Here, we present a new iterative reconstruction scheme for holotomography, simultaneously retrieving the complex-valued probe function. Implemented on GPUs, this algorithm results in 3D reconstruction resolving twice thinner layers in a 3D ALD standard sample measured using nano-holotomography.

Nikitin, Viktor↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Projected Dark and Baryonic Ellipsoidal Structure of 20 CLASH Galaxy Clusters

We reconstruct the two-dimensional (2D) matter distributions in 20 high-mass galaxy clusters selected from the CLASH survey by using the new approach of performing a joint weak gravitational lensing analysis of 2D shear and azimuthally averaged magnification measurements. This combination allows for a complete analysis of the field, effectively breaking the mass-sheet degeneracy. In a Bayesian framework, we simultaneously constrain the mass profile and morphology of each individual cluster, assuming an elliptical Navarro–Frenk–White halo characterized by the mass, concentration, projected axis ratio, and position angle (PA) of the projected major axis. We find that spherical mass estimates of the clusters from azimuthally averaged weak-lensing measurements in previous work are in excellent agreement with our results from a full 2D analysis. Combining all 20 clusters in our sample, we detect the elliptical shape of weak-lensing halos at the 5σ significance level within a scale of 2 $\mathrm{Mpc}\,{h}^{-1}$. The median projected axis ratio is 0.67 ± 0.07 at a virial mass of ${M}_{\mathrm{vir}}=(15.2\pm 2.8)\times {10}^{14}\,{M}_{\odot }$, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions from recent numerical simulations of the standard collisionless cold dark matter model. We also study misalignment statistics of the brightest cluster galaxy, X-ray, thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect, and strong-lensing morphologies with respect to the weak-lensing signal. Among the three baryonic tracers studied here, we find that the X-ray morphology is best aligned with the weak-lensing mass distribution, with a median misalignment angle of $| {\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{PA}| =21^\circ \pm 7^\circ $. We also conduct a stacked quadrupole shear analysis of the 20 clusters assuming that the X-ray major axis is aligned with that of the projected mass distribution. In conclusion, this yields a consistent axis ratio of 0.67 ± 0.10, suggesting again a tight alignment between the intracluster gas and dark matter.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1985

X-ray satellite

The 3rd Quarter Status Report on DFVLR's ROSAT project confirms that with regard to technical performance and costs the project is on schedule. The valid schedule for engineering model and flight model completion on May 7, 1985 leads to a launch date on October 30, 1987. Progress in each department is compared to and explained with regard to the milestone plan. Continued problems with the gold damping of the FM-mirror system and contamination of the sterile rooms where the mirrors are stored have led to postponement of milestone 7. It is not yet completely clear to what extent all successive milestones will be affected by this factor.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2010

Lessons Learned in Launching Ares I-X

The Ares I-X flight test, scheduled for 2009, is the first opportunity for the Constellation Program and Ares Projects to obtain important data on the in-flight loads, first stage recovery, and ground-handling characteristics of the Ares I crew launch vehicle. The flight test vehicle will incorporate a mix of flight and mockup hardware, reflecting an acceptable representation of the mass and outer mold line characteristics of the operational Ares I vehicle. It will be powered by a four-segment solid rocket motor from the Space Shuttle inventory and will include a fifth, inert spacer segment and new forward structures to make it the same shape as the Ares I first stage. The vehicle also includes mass simulators for the upper stage, Orion crew module, and launch abort system to match the outer mold line of Ares I; an active roll control system; and avionics derived from Shuttle and Atlas hardware. This suborbital mission will take the flight test vehicle from stacking in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) through liftoff, maximum dynamic pressure, first stage separation, and recovery. Ares I-X presented NASA with unique project management challenges. This presentation will address those unique challenges, including managing a virtual nationwide team under a constrained timeline; designing and building the launch vehicle and ground systems; working concurrently with Space Shuttle activities; and integrating technical and management functions. It also will identify key data collected and lessons learned from the flight that will be applied to future exploration missions.

Davis, Stephan R.↗
DOE OSTI2015

The CMS-TOTEM Precision Proton Spectrometer: CT-PPS

The CMS-TOTEM Precison Proton Spectrometer, CT-PPS, is an approved project to add 3D silicon tracking and quartz Cherenkov timing detectors in Roman pots at z = ±204-215 m from the CMS collision point to study final states p+X + p. The central state X can be aW-pair from a photon-photon interaction, high ET jets from gluon collisions, etc., with M(X) obtained directly as well as from the two outgoing protons. The project is designed to operate at high luminosity, with up to about 50 interactions per 25 ns bunch crossing, and to be fully operational for physics in 2016.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS2012

High-Temperature Coatings Offer Energy Savings

The U.S. X-Plane Program included the first-of-its-kind research in aerodynamics and astronautics with experimental vehicles, including the first aircraft to break the sound barrier; the first aircraft to fly in excess of 100,000, then 200,000, and then 300,000 feet; and the first aircraft to fly at three, four, five, and then six times the speed of sound. During the 1990s, NASA started developing a new thermal protection material to test on the X-33 and X-34 supersonic aircraft. The X-33 was intended to demonstrate the technologies needed for a new reusable launch vehicle and was projected to reach an altitude of approximately 50 miles and speeds of more than Mach 11. The X-34, a small, reusable technology demonstrator for a launch vehicle, was intended to reach an altitude of 250,000 feet and fly at speeds of Mach 8. As a result of its research and development efforts, NASA s Ames Research Center invented the Protective Ceramic Coating Material (PCCM). Applied to a surface, the thin, lightweight coating could protect the material underneath from extreme temperatures. The capability of the technology came from its emissivity, which radiated heat away from the surface it covered, thereby decreasing the amount of heat transferred to the underlying material. PCCM not only increased the capability of materials to withstand higher temperatures, it also exhibited impressive thermal shock, vibration, and acoustic performance. In addition, it proved to be resistant to abrasion and mechanical damage and was also environmentally safe, due to it being water-based and containing no solvents. Even though funding for the X-33 and X-34 ended in 2001, PCCM continued on a path of innovation.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2014

The mass of the black hole in LMC X-3

We analyze a large set of new and archival photometric and spectroscopic observations of LMC X-3 to arrive at a self-consistent dynamical model for the system. Using echelle spectra obtained with the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle instrument on the 6.5 m Magellan Clay telescope and the UVES instrument on the second 8.2 m Very Large Telescope, we find a velocity semiamplitude for the secondary star of K {sub 2} = 241.1 ± 6.2 km s{sup –1}, where the uncertainty includes an estimate of the systematic error caused by X-ray heating. Using the spectra, we also find a projected rotational velocity of V {sub rot}sin i = 118.5 ± 6.6 km s{sup –1}. From an analysis of archival B and V light curves as well as new B and V light curves from the SMARTS 1.3 m telescope, we find an inclination of i = 69.°84 ± 0.°37 for models that do not include X-ray heating and an inclination of i = 69.°24 ± 0.°72 for models that incorporate X-ray heating. Adopting the latter inclination measurement, we find masses of 3.63 ± 0.57 M {sub ☉} and 6.98 ± 0.56 M {sub ☉} for the companion star and the black hole, respectively. We briefly compare our results with earlier work and discuss some of their implications.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Enhancing the EVI-X National Framework to Address Emerging Questions on Charging Infrastructure Deployment

As national investments in EV charging infrastructure accelerate, this project advances the state-of-the-art in infrastructure analysis to better inform deployment strategies. It enhances NLR's EVI-X Suite, a set of tools supporting national network planning, local site design, and financial evaluation. These capabilities will position VTO to provide timely analysis to the DOT/DOE Joint Office, and to guide the strategic buildout of the national charging network. EVI-X development is closely coordinated with other VTO-funded efforts to ensure consistent, integrated use of key inputs and outputs, including EV adoption scenarios from TEMPO and infrastructure designs developed through EVs@Scale.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1995

XTE Science Briefing from KSCNF

The X-ray Timing Explorer (XTE), launched on Dec. 30, 1995, is a Satellite that observes the fast-moving, high-energy worlds of black holes, neutron stars, x-ray pulsars and bursts of X-rays that light up the sky and then disappear forever. This videotape presents a pre-launch science briefing to the press by a few of the scientist and managers associated with the XTE satellite. The moderator for the press briefing is Jim Sahli, from the Public Affairs Office at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). He introduces Alan Bunner, of the High Energy Astrophysics at NASA Headquarters; Fred Lamb, from the University of Illinois; Richard Mashotzky, X Ray Scientist at GSFC; Rick Rothschild, Principal Investigator from the University of California at San Diego; and Dale Schultz, the XTE project manager at GSFC. Dr. Bunner explains the electromagnetic spectrum, the placement of x-rays and the importance of the XTE observations to a better understanding of the Universe. Dr. Lamb, explains the difference between white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes, and the type of observations that the XTE will give to a further understanding of these phenomena. Dr. Mashotzky expands the viewpoint to beyond the galaxy, and explains the interests of scientists who hope to use XTE to further study Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei. Dr. Rothschild reviews some of the features of XTE, using a diagram to show the features of interest, such as the X ray Telescopes, and the collecting Proportional Counter Array (PCA.) Mr. Schultz presents a videotape tour of the XTE, in which he shows the scientific instruments and the other features of the satellite. In this tour, the source of each of the instruments is noted. Questions from the members of the press are then fielded. Many of the questions are about the cost of the XTE and any problems that are anticipated in regards to the launch.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic structures of FeTiO{sub 3}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} solid solution thin films studied by soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and ab initio multiplet calculations

The solid solutions between ilmenite (FeTiO{sub 3}) and hematite (α-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}) have recently attracted considerable attention as a spintronic material due to their interesting magnetic and electrical properties. In this study, the electronic and magnetic structures of epitaxially grown 0.6FeTiO{sub 3}·0.4Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} solid solution thin films were investigated by combining x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) for two different crystallographic projections, and first-principles theoretical calculations. The Fe L-edge XANES and XMCD spectra reveal that Fe is in the mixed-valent Fe{sup 2+}–Fe{sup 3+} states while Fe{sup 2+} ions are mainly responsible for the magnetization. Moreover, the experimental Fe L-edge XANES and XMCD spectra change depending on the incident x-ray directions, and the theoretical spectra explain such spectral features. We also find a large orbital magnetic moment, which can originate the magnetic anisotropy of this system. On the other hand, although the valence state of Ti was interpreted to be 4+ from the Ti L-edge XANES, XMCD signals indicate that some electrons are present in the Ti-3d orbital, which are coupled antiparallel to the magnetic moment of Fe{sup 2+} ions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Miniature CCD X-Ray Imaging Camera Technology Final Report CRADA No. TC-773-94

The goal of the project was to develop a compact, large active area, high spatial resolution, high dynamic range, charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to replace film for digital imaging of visible light, ultraviolet radiation, and soft to penetrating X-rays. The camera head and controller needed to be capable of operation within a vacuum environment and small enough to be fielded within the small vacuum target chambers at LLNL.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Study of a macrodefect in a silicon carbid single crystal by means of X-ray phase contrast

The morphology of a macrodefect in a single-crystal silicon carbide wafer has been investigated by the computer simulation of an experimental X-ray phase-contrast image. A micropipe, i.e., a long cavity with a small (elliptical in the general case) cross section, in a single crystal has been considered as a macrodefect. A far-field image of micropipe has been measured with the aid of synchrotron radiation without a monochromator. The parameters of micropipe elliptical cross section are determined based on one projection in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the X-ray beam propagation direction, when scanning along the pipe axis. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the phase contrast method supplemented with computer simulation for studying such macrodefects when the defect position in the sample volume is unknown beforehand.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Elucidating the Determinants of Alkali Ionic Conductivity in Oxide and Sulfide Frameworks

The aim of this project is to elucidate the structural and chemical factors determining alkali conductivity in oxide and sulfide frameworks using large scale first principles calculations and topological analysis. The facile conduction of alkali ions in oxide and sulfide host structures is of critical importance in energy storage. Today, the dominant form of energy storage in portable electronics is the rechargeable alkali-ion battery, a device that functions entirely on the basis of the reversible transport of alkali ions. The Li+/Na+ conductivity of a cathode has a direct influence on the rate capability of a Li/Na-ion battery, i.e., the speed at which it can be charged and discharged. Alkali conductivity is arguably of even greater importance in the solid electrolytes currently being investigated for high safety, high energy all-solid-state batteries. The research performed in this project has provided critical new insights into the diffusion mechanisms in state-of-the-art alkali superionic conductors such as Li 7 P 3 S 11 , Li 3 OCl 1-x Br x anti-perovskite, argyrodite Li 6 PS 5 Cl. Two potential novel lithium superionic conductors (Li 3 Y(PS 4 ) 2 and Li 5 PS 4 Cl 2 ) with improved electrochemical stabilities were predicted. We have also conducted in-depth studies into alkali conduction in several important classes of electrodes, including the layered P2 NaMO 2 oxides and the highly promising novel disordered rock salt Li 3+x V 2 O 5 anode for high-rate applications. This project has resulted in more than 10 peer-reviewed articles in highly regarded journals as well as a new open-source software framework (pymatgen-analysis-diffusion) that is widely used by the materials research community for the study of diffusion in materials.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2014

SU-C-BRF-04: Delivered 4D Dose Calculation for Lung-VMAT Patients Using In- Treatment CBCT and LINAC Log Data

Purpose: To verify the delivered four-dimensional (4D) dose distribution for the lung VMAT using in-treatment 4D cone-beam CT (CBCT) and LINAC log data. Methods: Three patients for lung stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) were treated by single-arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) created by SmartArc in Pinnacle v9.2 (Philips, USA).Kilovoltage (kV) projection images were acquired during VMAT delivery using the x-ray volumetric imager, XVI (Elekta, UK). LINAC log data were also recorded via iCom interface (Elekta, UK). Subsequently, the iCom data format was converted to Pinnacle data format, thereby allowing Pinnacle to read actual MLC positions, jaw positions, gantry angles and MUs. These parameters were categorized into four groups according to patient's respiratory phase. The patient respiratory phase was determined from kV-projection images by in-house phase recognizing software. By exporting these data back to Pinnacle, in-treatment dose distributions for each respiratory phase were obtained by combining calculated dose having a particular phase. The 4D CBCT were reconstructed by in-house program. The density in the structures on the CBCT was overridden by the average density in the corresponding structures on the planning CT for the dose calculation. The dose indexes, such as maximum, minimum, mean dose in the target were compared among the plan, in-treatment 3D calculation, and in-treatment 4D calculation. Results: The day-to-day variation of the delivered dose was observed for all three patients. The maximum difference was 5.9% for the minimum dose in the target. Difference for the mean dose was found to be small (1.1% at maximum). Conclusion: We have obtained in-treatment dose distribution for each of the different respiratory phases using in-treatment 4D CBCT and LINAC log data during lung VMAT delivery. Our result indicate a small but significant dose difference between the 3D and 4D calculations for the case of large target traveling.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Generative Model for Realistic Galaxy Cluster X-Ray Morphologies

Abstract The X-ray morphologies of clusters of galaxies display significant variations, reflecting their dynamical histories and the nonlinear dependence of X-ray emissivity on the density of the intracluster gas. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of X-ray morphology have long been considered a proxy for determining whether clusters are dynamically active or “relaxed.” Conversely, the use of circularly or elliptically symmetric models for cluster emission can be complicated by the variety of complex features realized in nature, spanning scales from megaparsecs down to the resolution limit of current X-ray observatories. In this work, we use mock X-ray images from simulated clusters from The Three Hundred project to define a basis set of cluster image features. We take advantage of the clusters’ approximate self-similarity to minimize the differences between images before encoding the remaining diversity through a distribution of high-order polynomial coefficients. Principal component analysis then provides an orthogonal basis for this distribution, corresponding to natural perturbations from an average model. This representation allows novel, realistically complex X-ray cluster images to be easily generated, and we provide code to do so. The approach provides a simple way to generate training data for cluster image analysis algorithms and could be straightforwardly adapted to generate clusters displaying specific types of features or selected by physical characteristics available in the original simulations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗