Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Modal”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

A data-driven model of a modal gated ion channel: The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in insect Sf9 cells

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) receptor (IP 3 R) channel is crucial for the generation and modulation of intracellular Ca 2+ signals in animal cells. To gain insight into the complicated ligand regulation of this ubiquitous channel, we constructed a simple quantitative continuous-time Markov-chain model from the data. Our model accounts for most experimentally observed gating behaviors of single native IP 3 R channels from insect Sf9 cells. Ligand (Ca 2+ and IP 3 ) dependencies of channel activity established six main ligand-bound channel complexes, where a complex consists of one or more states with the same ligand stoichiometry and open or closed conformation. Channel gating in three distinct modes added one complex and indicated that three complexes gate in multiple modes. This also restricted the connectivity between channel complexes. Finally, latencies of channel responses to abrupt ligand concentration changes defined a model with specific network topology between 9 closed and 3 open states. The model with 28 parameters can closely reproduce the equilibrium gating statistics for all three gating modes over a broad range of ligand concentrations. It also captures the major features of channel response latency distributions. The model can generate falsifiable predictions of IP 3 R channel gating behaviors and provide insights to both guide future experiment development and improve IP 3 R channel gating analysis. Maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters and of the parameters in the De Young–Keizer model yield strong statistical evidence in favor of our model. Our method is simple and easily applicable to the dynamics of other ion channels and molecules.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Array magnetics modal analysis for the DIII-D tokamak based on localized time-series modelling

Here, time-series analysis of magnetics data in tokamaks is typically done using block-based fast Fourier transform methods. This work presents the development and deployment of a new set of algorithms for magnetic probe array analysis. The method is based on an estimation technique known as stochastic subspace identification (SSI). Compared with the standard coherence approach or the direct singular value decomposition approach, the new technique exhibits several beneficial properties. For example, the SSI method does not require that frequencies are orthogonal with respect to the timeframe used in the analysis. Frequencies are obtained directly as parameters of localized time-series models. The parameters are extracted by solving small-scale eigenvalue problems. Applications include maximum-likelihood regularized eigenmode pattern estimation, detection of neoclassical tearing modes, including locked mode precursors, and automatic clustering of modes, and magnetics-pattern characterization of sawtooth pre- and postcursors, edge harmonic oscillations and fishbones.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Chasing the multi-modal plasma response in MAST-U

Abstract Achieving edge localized modes (ELMs) suppression in spherical tokamaks by applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has proven challenging. The poloidal spectrum of the applied RMP is a key parameter that has an impact on the capability to mitigate and eventually suppress ELMs. In this work the resistive magnetohydrodynamic code MARS-F (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 3681) is used to evaluate the possibility of directly measuring the plasma response in MAST-U, and particularly its variation as function of the applied poloidal spectrum, in order to guide the experimental validation of the predicted best RMP configuration for ELM suppression. Toroidal mode number n = 2 RMP is considered to minimize the presence of sidebands, and to avoid the deleterious core coupling of n = 1. Singular Value Decomposition is used to highlight linearly independent structures in the simulated magnetic 3D fields and how those structures can be measured at the wall where the magnetic sensors are located. Alternative ways to measure the multimodal plasma response and how they can be used to infer the best RMP configuration to achieve ELM suppression are also presented, including the plasma displacement and the 3D footprints at the divertor plates.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Experimental modal analysis of SSR1 cryomodule for numerical model tuning and validation

The present activity aims to test the Cryomodule SSR1 to validate the corresponding mixed multibody-finite element numerical model and to determine the range of frequencies in which the first natural modes of the structure lie. The experimental activity consisted of a hammer test of the cryomodule at an early assembly stage at which the internal parts, constituting the cold mass, are accessible and, thus, many accelerometers can be attached to the beam string. The comparison between the experimental results obtained for the sub-assembly and the numerical results obtained for the corresponding sub-model, derived from the previously developed complete model, allowed to assess the validity of the numerical model and to get feedback on the effectiveness of the placement of the sensors in capturing the dynamic response of the system during transportation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Modal interactions between a large-wavelength inclined interface and small-wavelength multimode perturbations in a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability

The interaction of a small-wavelength multimodal perturbation with a large-wavelength inclined interface perturbation is investigated for the reshocked Richtmyer-Meshkov instability using three-dimensional simulations. The ares code, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, was used for these simulations and a detailed comparison of simulation results and experiments performed at the Georgia Tech Shock Tube facility is presented first for code validation. Simulation results are presented for four cases that vary in large-wavelength perturbation amplitude and the presence of secondary small-wavelength multimode perturbations. Previously developed measures of mixing and turbulence quantities are presented that highlight the large variation in perturbation length scales created by the inclined interface and the multimode complex perturbation. Measures are developed for entrainment, and turbulence anisotropy that help to identify the effects of and competition between each perturbations type. It is shown through multiple measures that before reshock the flow processes a distinct memory of the initial conditions that is present in both large-scale-driven entrainment measures and small-scale-driven mixing measures. After reshock the flow develops to a turbulentlike state that retains a memory of high-amplitude but not low-amplitude large-wavelength perturbations. As a result, it is also shown that the high-amplitude large-wavelength perturbation is capable of producing small-scale mixing and turbulent features similar to the small-wavelength multimode perturbations.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Modal analysis of the behavior of inertial particles in turbulence subjected to Stokes drag

The clustering of small heavy inertial particles subjected to Stokes drag in turbulence, which is the concern of present study, is known to be minimal at small and large Stokes number and substantial at St = $\textit{O}$(1). This nonmonotonic trend, which has been shown computationally and experimentally, is yet to be explained analytically. In this study, we obtain an analytical expression for the Lyapunov exponents that quantitatively predicts this trend. The sum of the exponents, which is the normalized rate of change of the signed volume of a small cloud of particles, is correctly predicted to be negative and positive at small and large Stokes numbers, respectively, asymptoting to $\textit{τQ}$ as $\textit{τ}$ → 0 and $τ^{–1/2}|Q|^{1/4}$ as $\textit{τ} → ∞$, where $\textit{τ}$ is the particle relaxation time and $\textit{Q(τ)}$ is the difference between the norm of the rotation- and strain-rate tensors computed along the particle trajectory, which remains negative at all $\textit{τ}$ in turbulent flows. Additionally, the trajectory crossing is predicted only in hyperbolic flows where Q < 0 for sufficiently inertial particles with a $\textit{τ}$ that scales with $|Q|^{–1/2}$. Following the onset of crossovers, a transition from clustering to dispersion is predicted correctly. We show these behaviors are not unique to three-dimensional isotropic turbulence and can be reproduced closely by a one-dimensional mono-harmonic flow, which appears as a fundamental canonical problem in the study of particle clustering. Analysis of this one-dimensional canonical flow shows that the rate of clustering, quantified as the product of the Lyapunov exponent and particle relaxation time, is bounded by –1/2, behaving with extreme nonlinearity in the hyperbolic flows and always remaining positive in the elliptic flows. Finally, this model problem also confirms that dispersion in a hyperbolic flow will occur only if particles' trajectory cross. These findings, which stem from our analysis, are corroborated by the direct numerical simulations.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2012

Exploration of synchrotron Mossbauer micrscopy with micrometer resolution: forward and a new backscattering modality on natural samples

New aspects of synchrotron Moessbauer microscopy are presented. A 5 {micro}m spatial resolution is achieved, and sub-micrometer resolution is envisioned. Two distinct and unique methods, synchrotron Moessbauer imaging and nuclear resonant incoherent X-ray imaging, are used to resolve spatial distribution of species that are chemically and magnetically distinct from one another. Proof-of-principle experiments were performed on enriched {sup 57}Fe phantoms, and on samples with natural isotopic abundance, such as meteorites.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

A multi-modal scanning system to digitize CBRNE emergency response scenes

A handheld system developed to digitize a contextual understanding of the scene at a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and/or explosives (CBRNE) events is described. The system uses LiDAR and cameras to create a colorized 3D model of the environment, which helps domain experts that are supporting responders in the field. To generate the digitized model, a responder scans any suspicious objects and the surroundings by carrying the system through the scene. The scanning system provides a real-time user interface to inform the user about scanning progress and to indicate any areas that may have been missed either by the LiDAR sensors or the cameras. Currently, the collected data are post-processed on a different device, building a colorized triangular mesh of the encountered scene, with the intention of moving this pipeline to the scanner at a later point. The mesh is sufficiently compressed to be sent over a reduced bandwidth connection to a remote analyst. Furthermore, the system tracks fiducial markers attached to diagnostic equipment that is placed around the suspicious object. The resulting tracking information can be transmitted to remote analysts to further facilitate their supporting efforts. The paper will discuss the system's design, software components, the user interface used for scanning a scene, the necessary procedures for calibration of the sensors, and the processing steps of the resulting data. The discussion will close by evaluating the system's performance on 11 scenes.

Salathe, Marco↗