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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Solitary waves in a chain of repelling magnets

We study experimentally, numerically, and theoretically the dynamics of a one dimensional array of repelling magnets. We demonstrate that such systems support solitary waves with a profile and propagation speed that depend on the amplitude. The system belongs to the kind of nonlinear lattices studied in [Friesecke and Matthies, Physica D 171, 211–220 (2002)] and exhibits a sech{sup 2} profile in the low energy regime and atomic scale localization in the high energy regime. Such systems may find potential applications in the design of novel devices for shock absorption, energy localization and focusing. Furthermore, due to the similarity of the magnetic potential with the potentials governing atomic forces, the system could be used for a better understanding of important problems in physics and chemistry.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates

In this paper, we discuss the concept and prototype fabrication of reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates. These gates consist of two input layers and a RESET layer. The RESET layer allows the structure to be used as either an AND or an OR gate, depending on its magnetization state. To prove this concept, the gates were fabricated using a multi-layered patterned magnetic media, in which three magnetic layers are stacked and exchange-decoupled via non-magnetic interlayers. We demonstrate the functionality of these logic gates by conducting atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) analysis of the multi-layered patterned magnetic media. The logic gates operation mechanism and fabrication feasibility are both validated by the MFM imaging results.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Slew-rate dependence of tracer magnetization response in magnetic particle imaging

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new biomedical imaging technique that produces real-time, high-resolution tomographic images of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle tracers. Currently, 25 kHz and 20 mT/μ{sub 0} excitation fields are common in MPI, but lower field amplitudes may be necessary for patient safety in future designs. Here, we address fundamental questions about MPI tracer magnetization dynamics and predict tracer performance in future scanners that employ new combinations of excitation field amplitude (H{sub o}) and frequency (ω). Using an optimized, monodisperse MPI tracer, we studied how several combinations of drive field frequencies and amplitudes affect the tracer's response, using Magnetic Particle Spectrometry and AC hysteresis, for drive field conditions at 15.5, 26, and 40.2 kHz, with field amplitudes ranging from 7 to 52 mT/μ{sub 0}. For both fluid and immobilized nanoparticle samples, we determined that magnetic response was dominated by Néel reversal. Furthermore, we observed that the peak slew-rate (ωH{sub o}) determined the tracer magnetic response. Smaller amplitudes provided correspondingly smaller field of view, sometimes resulting in excitation of minor hysteresis loops. Changing the drive field conditions but keeping the peak slew-rate constant kept the tracer response almost the same. Higher peak slew-rates led to reduced maximum signal intensity and greater coercivity in the tracer response. Our experimental results were in reasonable agreement with Stoner-Wohlfarth model based theories.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Noise-induced bifurcations in magnetization dynamics of uniaxial nanomagnets

Stochastic magnetization dynamics in uniformly magnetized nanomagnets is considered. The system is assumed to have rotational symmetry as the anisotropy axis, the applied field, and the spin polarization are all aligned along an axis of symmetry. By appropriate integration of the Fokker-Planck equation associated to the problem, the stochastic differential equation governing the evolution of the angle between the magnetization orientation and the symmetry axis is derived. The drift terms present in this equation contain a noise-induced drift term, which, in combination with drift terms of deterministic origin, can be written as the derivative of an effective potential. Superparamagnetic-like transitions are studied in connections with the bifurcations of the effective potential as temperature and excitation conditions are varied.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Atomic packing and diffusion in Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 9}P{sub 4} amorphous alloy analyzed by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation

In the work reported in this paper, ab initio molecular dynamics simulation was performed on Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 9}P{sub 4} amorphous alloy. Preferred atomic environment of the elements was analyzed with Voronoi polyhedrons. It showed that B and P atoms prefer less neighbors compared with Fe and Si, making them structurally incompatible with Fe rich structure and repulsive to the formation of α-Fe. However, due to the low bonding energy of B and P caused by low coordination number, the diffusion rates of them were considerably large, resulting in the requirement of fast annealing for achieving optimum nano-crystallization for its soft magnetic property. The simulation work also indicates that diffusion rate in amorphous alloy is largely determined by bonding energy rather than atomic size.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Micromagnetic study of spin transfer switching with a spin polarization tilted out of the free layer plane

We present the results of zero temperature macrospin and micromagnetic simulations of spin transfer switching of thin film nanomagnets in the shape of an ellipse with a spin-polarization tilted out of the layer plane. The perpendicular component of the spin-polarization is shown to increase the reversal speed, leading to a lower current for switching in a given time. However, for tilt angles larger than a critical angle, the layer magnetization starts to precess about an out-of-plane axis, which leads to a final magnetization state that is very sensitive to simulation conditions. As the ellipse lateral size increases, this out-of-plane precession is suppressed, due to the excitation of spatially non-uniform magnetization modes.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Micromagnetic model analysis of integrated single-pole-type head with tilted spin-torque oscillator for high-frequency microwave-assisted magnetic recording

The spin-torque oscillator (STO) is the most important component in microwave-assisted magnetic recording. Some requirements for the STO are: large amplitude and stable oscillation, small injected current, and oscillation at a frequency that excites resonance in a recording medium. It is also necessary for the STO oscillation to closely follow the head coil current. In this paper, STOs were integrated into write heads and micromagnetic analyses carried out to obtain a write head structure with stable STO oscillation that could follow a high-frequency head coil current.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetization reversal of a Nd-Cu-infiltrated Nd-Fe-B nanocrystalline magnet observed with small-angle neutron scattering

The magnetization reversal process of Nd-Fe-B nanocrystalline magnets infiltrated with Nd-Cu alloy was examined using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The magnetic-field dependence of SANS intensity revealed a qualitative difference between Nd-Cu-infiltrated samples and as-deformed samples. Insufficient magnetic isolation along the direction perpendicular to the nominal c-axis is expected from comparable SANS intensities for different ranges of q values along this direction. For small q values near the coercivity field, Nd-Cu-infiltrated samples show a noticeable reduction in SANS intensity along the nominal c-axis, which is parallel to the external magnetic field. This indicates less spatial fluctuation of magnetic moments in Nd-Cu-infiltrated samples, owing to magnetically isolated Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B grains.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effective anisotropy gradient in pressure graded [Co/Pd] multilayers

We have used polarized neutron reflectometry to show that controlled variation of growth pressure during deposition of Co/Pd multilayers can be used to achieve a significant vertical gradient in the effective anisotropy. This gradient is strongly dependent on deposition order (low to high pressure or vice versa), and is accompanied by a corresponding gradient in saturation magnetization. These results demonstrate pressure-grading as an attractively simple technique for tailoring the anisotropy profile of magnetic media.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Characteristics of temperature rise in variable inductor employing magnetorheological fluid driven by a high-frequency pulsed voltage source

A variable inductor with magnetorheological (MR) fluid has been successfully applied to power electronics applications; however, its thermal characteristics have not been investigated. To evaluate the performance of the variable inductor with respect to temperature, we measured the characteristics of temperature rise and developed a numerical analysis technique. The characteristics of temperature rise were determined experimentally and verified numerically by adopting a multiphysics analysis technique. In order to accurately estimate the temperature distribution in a variable inductor with an MR fluid-gap, the thermal solver should import the heat source from the electromagnetic solver to solve the eddy current problem. To improve accuracy, the B–H curves of the MR fluid under operating temperature were obtained using the magnetic property measurement system. In addition, the Steinmetz equation was applied to evaluate the core loss in a ferrite core. The predicted temperature rise for a variable inductor showed good agreement with the experimental data and the developed numerical technique can be employed to design a variable inductor with a high-frequency pulsed voltage source.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic particle detection in unshielded environment using orthogonal fluxgate gradiometer

A new detection system for magnetic particles, which can operate in an unshielded environment, is developed using a fundamental mode orthogonal fluxgate gradiometer. The proposed detection system offers the advantages of cost, size, and weight reduction as compared to contamination detection systems using superconducting quantum interference device sensor. The detection system can be used to detect metallic contamination in foods or lithium ion battery production lines. The system has been investigated numerically to optimize various design parameters of the system. Experimental setup has been developed to evaluate some of the numerically predicted results. Steel balls were successfully detected down to the diameter of 50 μm.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetism of hexagonal Mn{sub 1.5}X{sub 0.5}Sn (X = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) nanomaterials

Mn{sub 1.5}X{sub 0.5}Sn (X = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) nanomaterials in the hexagonal Ni{sub 2}In-type crystal structure have been prepared using arc-melting and melt spinning. All the rapidly quenched Mn{sub 1.5}X{sub 0.5}Sn alloys show moderate saturation magnetizations with the highest value of 458 emu/cm{sup 3} for Mn{sub 1.5}Fe{sub 0.5}Sn, but their Curie temperatures are less than 300 K. All samples except the Cr containing one show spin-glass-like behavior at low temperature. The magnetic anisotropy constants calculated from the high-field magnetization curves at 100 K are on the order of 1 Merg/cm{sup 3}. The vacuum annealing of the ribbons at 550 °C significantly improved their magnetic properties with the Curie temperature increasing from 206 K to 273 K for Mn{sub 1.5}Fe{sub 0.5}Sn.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

High temperature oxidation and its induced coercivity loss of a 2:17 type SmCo-based magnet

Oxidation has been explained as one possibility for unacceptable and irreversible coercivity loss of 2:17 type SmCo-based magnets at high temperatures over 550 °C, but the question for how oxidation affects coercivity in the magnet has not been fundamentally answered. In this work, oxidation and its induced degradation of the magnetic phases of a Sm(Co{sub bal}Fe{sub 0.22}Cu{sub 0.08}Zr{sub 0.02}){sub 7.5} magnet in air at 600 °C have been investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and correlated with the demagnetization curves measured. It shows that the coercivity loss, which is significantly increased with oxidation time, is small and independent of time in the magnet unaffected by oxidation. The reason lies in that the 2:17 cell and 1:5 cell boundary, although they have been completely disintegrated in the oxidized part by external oxidation of Co, Fe, and Cu and internal oxidation of Sm, remains in the unoxidized part except that 1:5 boundary close to the oxidized part is decreased in thickness and Cu content.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Optimization of permanent magnetic properties in melt spun Co{sub 82−x}Hf{sub 12+x}B{sub 6} (x = 0–4) nanocomposites

Magnetic properties of melt spun Co{sub 82−x}Hf{sub 12+x}B{sub 6} ribbons made with various wheel speeds have been studied. The ribbons with x = 0–1 are not easy to crystallize and thus display soft magnetic behavior even at wheel speed of 10 m/s. In contrast, the ribbons with x = 1.5–4 at optimized wheel speed exhibit good permanent magnetic properties of B{sub r} = 0.41–0.59 T, {sub i}H{sub c} = 120–400 kA/m, and (BH){sub max} = 10.6–48.1 kJ/m{sup 3}. The optimal magnetic properties of B{sub r} = 0.59 T, {sub i}H{sub c} = 384 kA/m, and (BH){sub max} = 48.1 kJ/m{sup 3} are achieved for Co{sub 80}Hf{sub 14}B{sub 6} ribbons at wheel speed of 30 m/s. X-ray diffraction, thermo-magnetic analysis, and transmission electron microscopy results show that good hard magnetic properties of Co{sub 82−x}Hf{sub 12+x}B{sub 6} ribbons (x = 2–4) are originated from the Co{sub 11}Hf{sub 2} phase well coupled with the Co phase. The change of magnetic properties for Co{sub 82−x}Hf{sub 12+x}B{sub 6} ribbons spun at various wheel speeds is correlated to microstructure and phase constitution. The strong exchange-coupling effect between magnetic grains for the ribbons with x = 2–3 at wheel speed = 30 m/s leads to remarkable permanent magnetic properties. The presented results suggest that the optimized Co{sub 82−x}Hf{sub 12+x}B{sub 6} (x = 2–3) ribbons are much suitable than others (x = 0–1.5 and 4) for making rare earth and Pt-free magnets.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Heteroclinic tangle phenomena in nanomagnets subject to time-harmonic excitations

Magnetization dynamics in uniformly magnetized nanomagnets excited by time-harmonic (AC) external fields or spin-polarized injected currents is considered. The analysis is focused on the behaviour of the AC-excited dynamics near saddle equilibria. It turns out that this dynamics has a chaotic character at moderately low power level. This chaotic and fractal nature is due to the phenomenon of heteroclinic tangle which is produced by the combined effect of AC-excitations and saddle type dynamics. By using the perturbation technique based on Melnikov function, analytical formulas for the threshold AC excitation amplitudes necessary to create the heteroclinic tangle are derived. Both the cases of AC applied fields and AC spin-polarized injected currents are treated. Then, by means of numerical simulations, we show how heteroclinic tangle is accompanied by the erosion of the safe basin around the stable regimes.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Exchange interaction energy in magnetic recording simulation

Based on a phenomenological theory, micromagnetic simulations and experiments are used to evaluate an improved function for the exchange interaction between magnetic particles in perpendicular recording media. Assuming diluted spin layers in the particle boundary and a gradual rather than abrupt rotation of magnetization between grain cores, the exchange energy is better described by an even power series of θ, rather than a cosine function. The conventional cosine function does not have a restoring torque near θ = π and adjacent grains tend to align strictly antiparallel. In contrast, using a power series of θ, adjacent grains tend to align at a small angle away from θ = π. This gives rise to a small in-plane magnetization component and therefore a distinct peak in in-plane susceptibility is observed around H = 0. From magnetization measurements of a real medium, a peak is observed around H = 0, which matches with an assumption of 2 or 3 spin layers. In some situations, the exchange interaction between discretized cells for numerical calculation is better described by a power series rather than a cosine function.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the magnetic vortex oscillator driven by spin-polarized current

By micromagnetic simulation, we investigated the dynamic of magnetic vortex driven by spin-polarized current in Permalloy nanodisks in the presence of interfacial/superficial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI). It is found that spin-polarized current can drive the vortex precession. In the presence of DMI, the oscillation frequency of the vortex is about 3 times higher than that of without DMI for the same nanodisk. Moreover, the linewidth is more narrow than that of without DMI when the radius of nanodisk is 50 nm. In addition, the vortex can support a higher current density than that of without DMI. Introduction of DMI in this system can provide a new way to design magnetic vortex oscillator.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Local spin dynamics at low temperature in the slowly relaxing molecular chain [Dy(hfac)3(NIT(C6H4OPh))]: A μ{sup +} spin relaxation study

The spin dynamics of the molecular magnetic chain [Dy(hfac){sub 3}(NIT(C{sub 6}H{sub 4}OPh))] were investigated by means of the Muon Spin Relaxation (μ{sup +}SR) technique. This system consists of a magnetic lattice of alternating Dy(III) ions and radical spins, and exhibits single-chain-magnet behavior. The magnetic properties of [Dy(hfac){sub 3}(NIT(C{sub 6}H{sub 4}OPh))] have been studied by measuring the magnetization vs. temperature at different applied magnetic fields (H = 5, 3500, and 16500 Oe) and by performing μ{sup +}SR experiments vs. temperature in zero field and in a longitudinal applied magnetic field H = 3500 Oe. The muon asymmetry P(t) was fitted by the sum of three components, two stretched-exponential decays with fast and intermediate relaxation times, and a third slow exponential decay. The temperature dependence of the spin dynamics has been determined by analyzing the muon longitudinal relaxation rate λ{sub interm}(T), associated with the intermediate relaxing component. The experimental λ{sub interm}(T) data were fitted with a corrected phenomenological Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound law by using a distribution of thermally activated correlation times, which average to τ = τ{sub 0} exp(Δ/k{sub B}T), corresponding to a distribution of energy barriers Δ. The correlation times can be associated with the spin freezing that occurs when the system condenses in the ground state.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗