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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Data for Yield from Iowa’s first commercial miscanthus fields: implications of spatial variability for productivity and sustainability beyond research plots

This dataset contains biomass yield measurements and associated vegetation index data collected from commercial Miscanthus × giganteus fields in eastern Iowa during the 2022–2023 growing seasons. The data support the analyses presented in the article: “Yield From Iowa's First Commercial Miscanthus Fields: Implications of Spatial Variability for Productivity and Sustainability Beyond Research Plots.” We collected 105 ground-truth biomass samples from four mature commercial fields (>4 years old) covering 92.81 ha. Samples were taken from 3 m² quadrats that were hand-harvested in alignment with commercial harvest timing. Stem biomass (excluding leaves) was weighed, moisture-corrected, and converted to dry-matter yield expressed in Mg DM ha⁻¹. Sampling locations were selected to capture spatial variability visible in aerial imagery and were recorded using RTK GPS. Each biomass observation was paired with vegetation indices derived from high-resolution PlanetScope satellite imagery (3 m resolution). Images were acquired throughout the growing season, and indices were calculated to evaluate their ability to predict end-of-season biomass yield. Statistical and machine learning approaches were used to identify key predictors, and a linear regression model based on end-of-July Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) was developed and evaluated. This repository includes the data used in that modeling workflow. Management practices, economic data, full imagery time series, and additional methodological details are described in the associated publication and are not included here. The dataset consists of three comma-separated value (CSV) files: 1. Combine_Groundtruth_Yield_VI_22_23.csv This file contains ground-truth biomass yield measurements and associated key vegetation index values collected during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. Rows: 105 observations Columns: Year — Year of observation (2022 or 2023) Field — Field location identifier Sample_number — Unique sample identifier GNDVI_End_Jul — Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index calculated at end of July GNDVI_End_Aug — Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index calculated at end of August NDRE_End_Aug — Normalized Difference Red Edge index calculated at end of August Biomass_Stem_Yield_MgDM/ha — Measured stem biomass yield (megagrams dry matter per hectare) 2. trainData_GNDVI.csv This file contains the subset of observations used to train the predictive relationship between July GNDVI and biomass yield. Rows: 76 observations Columns: Unnamed: 0 — Row index retained from the original data processing workflow GNDVI_End_Jul — GNDVI at end of July Stem_Yield_MgDM/ha — Observed stem biomass yield (Mg DM ha⁻¹) 3. testData_GNDVI.csv This file contains the test dataset used to evaluate model performance. Rows: 29 observations Columns: Unnamed: 0 — Row index retained from the original data processing workflow GNDVI_End_Jul — GNDVI at end of July Predicted_Yield_MgDM/ha — Model-predicted stem biomass yield (Mg DM ha⁻¹) Observed_Yield_MgDM/ha — Measured stem biomass yield (Mg DM ha⁻¹)

Potential yield, yield gap, in-field management, y↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Usage of Observing System Simulation Experiments and Reinforcement Learning to Optimize Experimental Design and Operation

Various organizations regularly conduct field campaigns across the globe designed to probe and improve atmospheric process understanding. However, these campaigns are mostly designed ad-hoc, and rely on anecdotes and knowledge of what was successful in previous campaigns. Such ad-hoc experiment design results in sub-optimal instrument siting and operation strategies. Inadequate targeted data collection of extreme weather is a major limitation to Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division (EESSD)’s goals of data model integration (4.5.3), which limits the knowledge gained through the collected observations, holding back significant advances in predictability. While advances in instrument design are always chipping away at these limitations, we are not optimally utilizing the instrumentation we currently possess.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Commercial Vehicle Driver Behaviors and Decision Making: Lessons Learned from Urban Ridealongs

As e-commerce and urban deliveries spike, cities grapple with managing urban freight more actively. In order to effectively manage urban deliveries, city planners and policy makers need to better understand driver behaviors and the challenges they experience in performing deliveries. In this study, we collected data on commercial vehicle (CV) driver behaviors by performing ridealongs with various logistics carriers. Ridealongs were performed in Seattle, Washington, covering a range of vehicles (cars, vans, and trucks), goods (parcels, mail, beverages, and printed materials), and customer types (residential, office, large and small retail). Observers collected qualitative observations and quantitative data on trip and dwell times, while also tracking vehicles through GPS devices. The results showed that, on average, urban CVs spent 80 percent of their daily operating time parked. The study also found that, unlike the common belief, drivers (especially those operating heavier vehicles) parked in authorized parking locations, with only less than 5 percent of stops occurring in the travel lane. Dwell times associated with authorized parking locations were significantly longer than those of other parking locations, and mail and heavy goods deliveries generally had longer dwell times. We also identified three main criteria CV drivers used for choosing a parking location: avoiding unsafe maneuvers, minimizing conflicts with other users of the road, and coopetition with other commercial drivers. Here, the results provide estimates for trip times, dwell times, and parking choice types, as well as insights into why those decisions are made and the factors affecting driver choices.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Stream discharge and water quality data for East Fork Poplar Creek beginning 2012

This data note describes 15-min discharge and in situ water quality data at two locations along East Fork Poplar Creek in east Tennessee, USA. Data records include temperature, gauge height, water surface elevation above mean sea level, and volumetric discharge. Water quality measurements include temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen (percent saturation and concentration), turbidity, and less extensive fDOM data at one site. The data records begin in 2012 at one site and 2015 at the second site; monitoring at both sites is ongoing (as of 2021). The goal of this data collection is to improve understanding of watershed functions, hydrologic dynamics, and material flux. The data will contribute to site conceptual and numerical models, exposure and risk evaluation, remediation selection and design, and performance monitoring. The data are publicly available and can be accessed via unique url or DOI.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons with displaced vertices in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$ =13 TeV

A search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), the right-handed Dirac or Majorana neutrinos, is performed in final states with three charged leptons (electrons or muons) using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at √s = 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb -1 . The HNLs could be produced through mixing with standard model neutrinos ν. For small values of the HNL mass (<20 GeV) and the square of the HNL-ν mixing parameter (10 -7 –10 -2 ), the decay length of these particles can be large enough so that the secondary vertex of the HNL decay can be resolved with the CMS silicon tracker. The selected final state consists of one lepton emerging from the primary proton-proton collision vertex, and two leptons forming a displaced, secondary vertex. No significant deviations from the standard model expectations are observed, and constraints are obtained on the HNL mass and coupling strength parameters, excluding previously unexplored regions of parameter space in the mass range 1–20 GeV and squared mixing parameter values as low as 10 -7 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Searches for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs boson into $eτ$ and $μτ$ in $ \sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents direct searches for lepton flavour violation in Higgs boson decays, H → eτ and H → μτ, performed using data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The searches are based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb –1 . Leptonic (τ → ℓν ℓ ν τ ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν τ ) decays of the τ-lepton are considered. Two background estimation techniques are employed: the MC-template method, based on data-corrected simulation samples, and the Symmetry method, based on exploiting the symmetry between electrons and muons in the Standard Model backgrounds. No significant excess of events is observed and the results are interpreted as upper limits on lepton-flavour-violating branching ratios of the Higgs boson. The observed (expected) upper limits set on the branching ratios at 95% confidence level, $\mathcal{B}$(H → eτ) < 0.20% (0.12%) and $\mathcal{B}$(H → μτ ) < 0.18% (0.09%), are obtained with the MC-template method from a simultaneous measurement of potential H → eτ and H → μτ signals. The best-fit branching ratio difference, $\mathcal{B}$(H → μτ) → $\mathcal{B}$(H → eτ), measured with the Symmetry method in the channel where the τ-lepton decays to leptons, is (0.25 ± 0.10)%, compatible with a value of zero within 2.5σ.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Inclusive search for highly boosted Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search for standard model Higgs bosons (H) produced with transverse momentum (p$_{T}$) greater than 450 GeV and decaying to bottom quark-antiquark pairs ($ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $) is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{−1}$. The search is inclusive in the Higgs boson production mode. Highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons decaying to $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ are reconstructed as single large-radius jets, and are identified using jet substructure and a dedicated b tagging technique based on a deep neural network. The method is validated with Z →$ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ decays. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an excess of events above the background assuming no Higgs boson production is observed with a local significance of 2.5 standard deviations (σ), while the expectation is 0.7. The corresponding signal strength and local significance with respect to the standard model expectation are μ$_{H}$ = 3.7 ± 1.2(stat)$ {}_{-0.7}^{+0.8} $(syst)$ {}_{-0.5}^{+0.8} $(theo) and 1.9 σ. Additionally, an unfolded differential cross section as a function of Higgs boson p$_{T}$ for the gluon fusion production mode is presented, assuming the other production modes occur at the expected rates.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development and validation of a second-order thermal network model for residential buildings

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems can maintain the space air temperature of residential buildings, either directly by heating/cooling the air, or indirectly via heat transfer to and from the building structure that acts as a thermal mass. Hence, HVAC systems can help achieve load shifting, peak load reduction, and/or energy cost saving, thus enabling grid-interactive HVAC operation. A home thermal model that can accurately reflect the dynamics of the space air and interior wall surface temperatures, is therefore valuable. This paper develops such a model using the standard RC (resistance-capacitance) approach. The model contains a virtual envelope node and an internal space node and is thus second-order. A hybrid parameter identification scheme, made up of the least-squares and optimal search methods, is also developed. The proposed model and scheme were validated using data collected from a test home. It was found that a modest amount of training data was sufficient to yield reliable parameter estimates and accurate prediction. It was also found that when making 24-hour-ahead prediction of the space air temperature, both methods had comparable performances when the training data began in a transition season. However, when they began in an HVAC season, the optimal search method performed better. Furthermore, the least-squares method is recommended during a transition season due to its lower computational burden, while the optimal search method is recommended during an HVAC season due to its better estimation performance.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

Precise half-life determination of 131 Ba and 125 Xe

Barium-131 and Xenon-125 are valuable radioisotopes with numerous scientific and medical applications. Here, we produced both isotopes via proton irradiation of a cesium iodide (CsI) target at the Brookhaven Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator (BTVG). Following irradiation, we conducted systematic γ-ray spectroscopy measurements at the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) decay station using a calibrated High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, collecting data over a 2-month period (spanning approximately 4.5 half-lives for 131 Ba). Through careful analysis of the characteristic γ-ray emissions from both isotopes, we determined the half-life of 131 Ba to be 11.55(6) days, which agrees with the previously evaluated value. For 125 Xe, we measured a half-life of 16.56(8) hours, slightly lower than the evaluated value.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Pollution inequality 50 years after the Clean Air Act: the need for hyperlocal data and action

Fifty years ago the Clean Air Act amendments of 1970 were the first major US legislation that authorized regulation of air pollutants, creating National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) to protect public health and the environment. While US air quality has improved, with average PM 2.5 concentrations in 2016 a third of 1981 levels, air pollution remains a major health risk in the US and globally. Moreover, air pollution impacts are still uneven, with the most polluted US communities of 50 years ago still so today. Air pollution “hot spots” result in disproportionate exposure at neighborhood scales within cities, particularly in disadvantaged communities, but an in-depth understanding at these scales is lacking. This policy perspective discusses how trends in sensor technology, spatial data collection, analytics and retrieval are converging to enable the production of hyperlocal air pollution data, and that this needs to be done in a manner that enables marginalized communities to shape decision making.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

GPU Lifetimes on Titan Supercomputer: Survival Analysis and Reliability

The Cray XK7 Titan was the top supercomputer system in the world for a long time and remained critically important throughout its nearly seven year life. It was an interesting machine from a reliability viewpoint as most of its power came from 18,688 GPUs whose operation was forced to execute three rework cycles, two on the GPU mechanical assembly and one on the GPU circuitboards. We write about the last rework cycle and a reliability analysis of over 100,000 years of GPU lifetimes during Titan’s 6-year-long productive period. Using time between failures analysis and statistical survival analysis techniques, we find that GPU reliability is dependent on heat dissipation to an extent that strongly correlates with detailed nuances of the cooling architecture and job scheduling. We describe the history, data collection, cleaning, and analysis and give recommendations for future supercomputing systems. We make the data and our analysis codes publicly available.

Ostrouchov, George↗
DOE OSTI2022

Unified Wind-Wave Growth and Spectrum Functions for All Water Depths: Field Observations and Model Results

Abstract Wind-wave development is governed by the fetch- or duration-limited growth principle that is expressed as a pair of similarity functions relating the dimensionless elevation variance (wave energy) and spectral peak frequency to fetch or duration. Combining the pair of similarity functions, the fetch or duration variable can be removed to form a dimensionless function of elevation variance and spectral peak frequency, which is interpreted as the wave energy evolution with wave age. The relationship is initially developed for quasi-neural stability and quasi-steady wind forcing conditions. Further analyses show that the same fetch, duration, and wave-age similarity functions are applicable to unsteady wind forcing conditions, including rapidly accelerating and decelerating mountain gap wind episodes and tropical cyclone (TC) wind fields. Here it is shown that with the dimensionless frequency converted to dimensionless wavenumber using the surface wave dispersion relationship, the same similarity function is applicable in all water depths. Field data collected in shallow to deep waters and mild to TC wind conditions and synthetic data generated by spectrum model computations are assembled to illustrate the applicability. For the simulation work, the finite-depth wind-wave spectrum model and its shoaling function are formulated for variable spectral slopes. Given wind speed, wave age, and water depth, the measured and spectrum-computed significant wave heights and the associated growth parameters are in good agreement in forcing conditions from mild to TC winds and in all depths from deep ocean to shallow lake. Significance Statement This paper presents a growth function and spectrum model to describe wind-wave development in all water depths. Their applicability covers a wide range of wind forcing conditions including steady, accelerating, decelerating, and tropical cyclone events. Support for the unified spectrum model and growth function is presented with field observations and numerical computations.

Hwang, Paul A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Efforts to enhance reproducibility in a human performance research project

Background: Ensuring the validity of results from funded programs is a critical concern for agencies that sponsor biological research. In recent years, the open science movement has sought to promote reproducibility by encouraging sharing not only of finished manuscripts but also of data and code supporting their findings. While these innovations have lent support to third-party efforts to replicate calculations underlying key results in the scientific literature, fields of inquiry where privacy considerations or other sensitivities preclude the broad distribution of raw data or analysis may require a more targeted approach to promote the quality of research output. Methods: We describe efforts oriented toward this goal that were implemented in one human performance research program, Measuring Biological Aptitude, organized by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's Biological Technologies Office. Our team implemented a four-pronged independent verification and validation (IV&V) strategy including 1) a centralized data storage and exchange platform, 2) quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) of data collection, 3) test and evaluation of performer models, and 4) an archival software and data repository. Results: Our IV&V plan was carried out with assistance from both the funding agency and participating teams of researchers. QA/QC of data acquisition aided in process improvement and the flagging of experimental errors. Holdout validation set tests provided an independent gauge of model performance. Conclusions: In circumstances that do not support a fully open approach to scientific criticism, standing up independent teams to cross-check and validate the results generated by primary investigators can be an important tool to promote reproducibility of results.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Assessing the Consistency of Estimated Ground Cover Fractions between the BLM AIM Method and Optical Remote Sensing Method

Since 2012, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) has supported the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in developing remote sensing methodologies for long-term environmental monitoring of Palo Verde Mesa in eastern Riverside County, California, including methods for: detailed mapping of ephemeral streams, estimating fractional cover of desert-land surface components (e.g., trees, shrubs, litters, and bare ground), evaluating erosion risk or land stability, and characterizing vegetation alliances using spatial structure and geostatistical approaches. These studies showed the promise of remote sensing for monitoring changes in desert landscapes by providing information that would be difficult to obtain through field surveys. During this time the BLM has also worked to establish long-term monitoring protocols and compiled field-observation data collected using standardized protocols from the Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) strategy. The AIM data can be compared to data derived from remote sensing methods to evaluate their relative operational utility in monitoring landscape change. If ground cover estimated using remotely sensed imagery is comparable to AIM ground cover estimates, then remote sensing can be used to monitor whether any land cover change in desert landscapes may be related to solar energy development. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the consistency in ground cover estimates between AIM data and those derived from publicly- available remotely sensed imagery, such as that available through the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP), to examine feasibility of a remote sensing method for complementing AIM monitoring. Based on the image analysis in this study, we also provide recommendations for how small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) data may be used to complement BLM’s AIM data and NAIP imagery for future vegetation monitoring. The ground cover types we originally planned to investigate were trees, shrubs, and bare ground. However, the small sample size and a limited range of cover fraction of trees and shrubs in the AIM dataset (e.g., 33 samples with a maximum shrub cover of 18%, 14 samples with a maximum tree cover of 17%) did not allow for performing a meaningful evaluation for the remote sensing approach. Therefore, we conducted the study focusing on bare ground, foliar, and rock cover, all of which are indicators reported in the AIM remote sensing dataset.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

TEAMER: DAISY Flow-noise Testing (Abstract)

Evaluating impacts of marine energy devices is generally difficult given the dynamic environment where these devices need to be placed. The University of Washington’s (UW) DAISY (The Drifting Acoustic Instrumentation SYstem) is designed to measure radiated noise around marine energy converters operating in energetic waves and currents. In currents, a primary limitation for measurement fidelity at low frequencies (< 100 Hz) is the potential for non-propagating “flow-noise” to mask propagating sound and inflate estimates of the radiated noise from marine energy converters at frequencies that overlap with hearing sensitivities of fish and some marine mammals. While free-drifting measurements help to minimize the relative velocity that produces flow-noise, significant levels were still observed during initial DAISY tests. This motivated the development of a fabric “flow shield” around the hydrophone that disrupts both flow-noise generation mechanisms proposed by the initial tests. First, the flow shield is a source of substantial drag which keeps the hydrophone package moving with the approximate velocity of the surrounding water, compensating for differential wind or current forcing on the surface expression. By minimizing relative velocity around the hydrophone, turbulence shed by the hydrophone is also minimized. Second, the flow shield creates a largely quiescent pocket around the hydrophone, minimizing advection of free stream turbulence over the hydrophone element. Field data collected in these experiments will test effectiveness of these flow shields and provide quantitative data use and deployment.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2025

Instantiation of the Damara Tern Platform for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (AMMT) Program Collaborative Data Management

This work package focused on deploying an instance of the Damara Tern platform to support AMMT collaborative research activities. The objectives were to provide selected AMMT collaborators with access to a shared environment for capturing operations, trackables, and associated metadata, and to implement data entry functionalities that reflect site-specific procedures. Key activities included creating configurable, schema-driven entry forms and validating the data collection process. The report details the deployment process, the platform infrastructure, and the implemented data entry workflows, providing a reference for end users and establishing a foundation for future production-scale deployments.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Value-based Insights from the Implementation of Hierarchical Control for Energy Savings and Demand Response in Residential Premises

As the adoption of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles at residential customer premises increases exponentially, behind-the-meter assets can be utilized to achieve energy cost reduction and demand response through coordination and control strategies. A hierarchical control architecture from the utility headend to residential premises is implemented to attain these objectives. This paper extracts the values from the development, implementation, and deployment of that control hierarchy. The development of the control philosophy is built upon the existing advanced metering infrastructure, communication protocols, and industry-compatible application programming interfaces. Results are presented visually with analytical insights by utilizing the data from hardware-in-the-loop testing and simulation analysis out of the collected data from the field.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bayesian optimized collection strategies for fatigue strength testing

Abstract A statistical framework is presented enabling optimal sampling and analysis of constant life fatigue data. Protocols using Bayesian maximum entropy sampling are built based on conventional staircase and stress step methods, reducing the requirement of prior knowledge for data collection. The Bayesian Staircase method shows improved parameter estimation efficiency, and the Bayesian Stress Step method shows equal accuracy to the standard method at larger step size allowing experimentalists to lessen concerns of loading history. Statistical methods for determining model suitability are shown, highlighting the influence of protocol. Experimental validation is performed, showing the applicability of the methods in laboratory testing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗