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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 973 records · Page 54
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Conversion of LARSYS III.1 to an IBM 370 computer

A software system for processing multispectral aircraft or satellite data (LARSYS) was designed and written at the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing at Purdue University. This system, being implemented on an IBM 360/67 computer utilizing the Cambridge Monitor System, is of an interactive nature. TAMU LARSYS maintains the essential capabilities of Purdue's LARSYS. The machine configuration for which it has been converted is an IBM-compatible Amdahl 470V/6 computer utilizing the time sharing option of the currently implemented OS/VS2 Operating System. Due to TSO limitations, the NASA-JSC deliverable TAMU LARSYS is comprised of two parts. Part one is a TSO Control Card Checker for LARSYS control cards, and part two is a batch version of LARSYS. Used together, they afford most of the capabilities of the original LARSYS III.1. Additionally, two programs have been written by TAMU to support LARSYS processing. The first is an ERTS-to-MIST conversion program used to convert ERTS data to the LARSYS input form, the MIST tape. The second is a system runtable code which maintains tape/file location information for the MIST data sets.

Williams, G. N.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sorbmatech{sup R}Cs, an Innovative Highly Selective Cs Sorbent for Wastewater Decontamination - 20065

The treatment of radioactive wastewater from the operating nuclear industry (energy production, reprocessing of spent fuel, decommissioning of shut-down facilities, etc.) or in case of incidental or accidental situation (such as Fukushima Daichii NPP accident) is an important issue requiring constant improvement of the technologies and techniques used to prevent radioactive releases into the environment and/or to reduce the production of secondary waste. CEA, Orano and CTI are collaborating since 2014, with the support of the French government's program 'investments for the future', to develop Sorbmatech{sup R}Cs, an innovative and patented selective sorbent (Grandjean and Barre 2014) to deal with the removal of radioactive {sup 137}Cs, one of the most hazardous isotope to be managed in nuclear waste, highly efficient either in agitated reactor or in column process. Sorbmatech{sup R}Cs sorbent consists of mesoporous silica particles loaded with potassium-copper hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (KCu-HCF). This peculiar structure enables much faster sorption kinetics compared to denser crystalline structures, such as Silicotitanate or Zeolite sorbents, whose drawback consists in hindering the diffusion process through the material, and whose larger sorbent particles slow down the ion exchange process. The equilibrium of Sorbmatech{sup R}Cs is reached in few minutes, even at high flow rates in a fixed-bed column process (up to 10 m.h{sup -1} Darcy velocity) with low drop pressure. Moreover, Sorbmatech{sup R}Cs can be used over a wide pH range from 2 to 10 and has a very high selectivity towards {sup 137}Cs even in brine solution (saline, mineral or sea water). This new sorbent also has a K{sub d} higher than 10{sup 5} mL.g{sup -1} depending on the salinity of the wastewater, enabling a highly efficient removal of Cs trace in radioactive wastewater compared to Cs selective sorbent such as Zeolites and Silicotitanates. Its radiological resistance enables the treatment of high, medium and low activity wastewater. The CEA-Orano-CTI/ALSYS partnership leads to the development of a simple and low-cost synthetic route, which demonstrated large-scale manufacturing of the product on a batch of 100 kg. Two products have been developed and are ready for short run market introduction so far with grain size well adapted either for column processes or agitated reactors.. Finally, the industrial implementation has been studied and largely benefits from the properties of the sorbent. Indeed, its high sorption kinetics enable high flow rates resulting in a decrease of operation times, unit sizes, and volumes of secondary waste produced. Moreover, Sorbmatech{sup R}Cs is designed to be combined into a full and integrated solution, ranging from preliminary optimization of operating conditions through numerical dimensioning model, industrial implementation and treatment of the wastewater (through cartridge or preconditioned columns systems developed thanks to Orano's extensive expertise), to long-term stabilization of generated waste (under progress). (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2015

Characterization of DWPF Recycle Condensate Tank Materials (Revision 1)

A Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Recycle Condensate Tank (RCT) sample was delivered to the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for characterization with particular interest in the concentration of I-129, U-233, U-235, total U, and total Pu. Since a portion of Salt Batch 8 will contain DWPF recycle materials, the concentration of I-129 is important to understand for salt batch planning purposes. The chemical and physical characterizations are also needed as input to the interpretation of future work aimed at determining the propensity of the RCT material to foam, and methods to remediate any foaming potential. According to DWPF the Tank Farm 2H evaporator has experienced foaming while processing DWPF recycle materials. The characterization work on the RCT samples has been completed and is reported here.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

Influence of Inorganic Carbon Sources on Low-pH Succinic Acid Production by Issatchenkia orientalis : Process Insights and Kinetic Analysis

Bio-based succinic acid (SA) production has attracted significant interest; however, the relationship between fermentation conditions and SA biosynthesis remains insufficiently understood, particularly under low-pH operation. In this study, an engineered, acid-tolerant, nonmodel yeast, Issatchenkia orientalis , was employed to investigate the role of inorganic carbon supplementation in SA production from glucose. Because regulation of gas-phase CO 2 during fermentation is challenging due to low solubility and off-gas losses, liquid-phase inorganic carbon sources, carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), were evaluated as indirect CO 2 donors. Fermentations were conducted in a corn steep liquor-based medium under acidic conditions. Shake-flask experiments demonstrated that H 2 CO 3 supplementation increased SA production, achieving a maximum titer of 8.9 g/L and a yield of 0.46 g/g glucose. Kinetic analysis of bench-scale fermentations showed that the SA formation was well described by the Luedeking–Piret model, indicating mixed growth-associated product formation with a substantial nongrowth-associated contribution under carbonic acid supplementation. Guided by these kinetic insights, a two-stage fed-batch fermentation strategy was implemented, resulting in an SA titer of 30 g/L and a yield of 0.57 g/g glucose within 115 h. Overall, this work provides process-relevant insights into integrating inorganic carbon utilization with low-pH fermentation to inform more sustainable SA biomanufacturing.

fed-batch fermentation↗
DOE OSTI2020

Characterization of Urbix Resources Natural Flake Graphite Material for Nuclear Applications (CRADA NFE-18-07340 Final Report)

Urbix Resources is a company specializing in graphite powder processing and purification. Urbix is looking to become the first domestic supplier of nuclear-grade graphite in the United States. This has led to a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) being established between the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Urbix Resources, with the goal of characterizing a purified graphite feedstock supplied by Urbix Resources. The resulting data will then be used to determine the viability of a large-scale nuclear graphite production and qualification campaign. These characterization methods have been performed on the as-received graphite feedstock, a heat-treated batch of the feedstock, a milled batch of the feedstock, and a nuclear-grade graphite powder historically used in fuel production. The data from the heat-treated and milled feedstock will determine how different processing methods affect the powder’s physical properties, whereas the data from the nuclear grade graphite will provide information about the characteristics of a graphite previously accepted for nuclear applications. All of these powders have been characterized individually and as part of a resin-graphite blend (herein referred to as matrix) that has been used in past fuel experiments. The results of these experiments show that the Urbix powder and nuclear-grade graphite powder display notably different properties from one another in many cases, but this discrepancy may have been the result of the typical particle size of each powder. This hypothesis is supported by tests conducted on the milled powder, which showed a closer resemblance in properties to the nuclear-grade graphite than the as-received powder. The method for pressing the graphite matrix also had a noticeable effect on the measured properties.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ultrasound assisted biogas production from landfill leachate

Highlights: • Effect of low frequency ultrasound pretreatment on leachate was investigated. • Three different ultrasound energy inputs (200, 400 and 600 W/l) was applied. • Low-frequency ultrasound treatment increased soluble COD in landfill leachate. • Application of ultrasound to leachate increased biogas production about 40%. • Application of ultrasound to leachate increased total methane production rate about 20%. - Abstract: The aim of this study is to increase biogas production and methane yield from landfill leachate in anaerobic batch reactors by using low frequency ultrasound as a pretreatment step. In the first part of the study, optimum conditions for solubilization of organic matter in leachate samples were investigated using various sonication durations at an ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz. The level of organic matter solubilization during ultrasonic pretreatment experiments was determined by calculating the ratio of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) to total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD). The sCOD/tCOD ratio was increased from 47% in raw leachate to 63% after 45 min sonication at 600 W/l. Non-parametric Friedman’s test indicated that ultrasonic pretreatment has a significant effect on sCOD parameter for leachate (p < 0.05). In the second part of the study, anaerobic batch reactors were operated for both ultrasonically pretreated and untreated landfill leachate samples in order to assess the effect of sonication on biogas and methane production rate. In anaerobic batch reactor feed with ultrasonically pretreated leachate, 40% more biogas was obtained compared to the control reactor. For statistical analysis, Mann–Whitney U test was performed to compare biogas and methane production rates for raw and pretreated leachate samples and it has been found that ultrasonic pretreatment significantly enhanced biogas and methane production rates from leachate (p < 0.05) in anaerobic batch reactors. The overall results showed that low frequency ultrasound pretreatment can be potentially used for wastewater management especially with integration of anaerobic processes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

The LCLStream Ecosystem for Multi-Institutional Dataset Exploration

We describe a new end-to-end experimental data streaming framework designed from the ground up to support new types of applications – AI training, extremely high-rate X-ray time-of-flight analysis, crystal structure determination with distributed processing, and custom data science applications and visualizers yet to be created. Throughout, we use design choices merging cloud microservices with traditional HPC batch execution models for security and flexibility. This project makes a unique contribution to the DOE Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) landscape. By creating a flexible, API-driven data request service, we address a significant need for high-speed data streaming sources for the X-ray science data analysis community. With the combination of data request API, mutual authentication web security framework, job queue system, high-rate data buffer, and complementary nature to facility infrastructure, the LCLStreamer framework has prototyped and implemented several new paradigms critical for future generation experiments.

Rogers, David [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000251871768)↗
DOE OSTI2020

GPU Lifetimes on Titan Supercomputer: Survival Analysis and Reliability

George Ostrouchov, Don Maxwell, Rizwan Ashraf, Mallikarjun Shankar, and James Rogers. 2020. GPU Lifetimes on Titan Supercomputer: Survival Analysis and Reliability. In Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. Data and code for SC20 paper about Titan GPU reliability analysis: https://github.com/olcf/TitanGPULife. Includes R code to generate graphics for paper and additional analyses. See code/README for instructions. Includes original Titan GPU reliability data on over 100,000 collective hours of operation: data/titan.gpu.history.txt - history data, data/titan.service.txt - service nodes for exclusion. Includes output data files produced by code/TitanGPUmodel.Rmd: data/gc_full.csv - cleaned up data (see paper and R code); data/gc_summary_loc.csv - one record per GPU (variables: SN, time, nlife, nloc, last, col, row, cage, slot, node, max_loc_events, time_max_loc, dbe, dbe_loc, otb, otb_loc, out, batch, days, years, dead, dead_otb, dead_dbe) (see paper and R code). Includes .Rmd analysis document as TitanGPUmode.html. Includes Python code to process data/gc_full.csv into graphics from time-between-failure analyses: See code/tbf-analyses/README for instructions.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Glycolic acid physical properties and impurities assessment

This document has been revised to add analytical data for fresh, 1 year old, and 4 year old glycolic acid as recommended in Revision 2 of this document. This was needed to understand the concentration of formaldehyde and methoxyacetic acid, impurities present in the glycolic acid used in Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) experiments. Based on this information, the concentration of these impurities did not change during storage. These impurities were in the glycolic acid used in the testing included in this report and in subsequent testing using DuPont (now called Chemours) supplied Technical Grade 70 wt% glycolic acid. However, these impurities were not reported in the first two versions of this report. The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is planning to implement a nitric-glycolic acid flowsheets to increase attainment to meet closure commitment dates during Sludge Batch 9. In fiscal year 2009, SRNL was requested to determine the physical properties of formic and glycolic acid blends.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2015

Maintaining Low Voiding Solder Die Attach for Power Die While Minimizing Die Tilt

This paper addresses work to minimize voiding and die tilt in solder attachment of a large power die, measuring 9.0 mm X 6.5 mm X 0.1 mm (0.354” x 0.256” x 0.004”), to a heat spreader. As demands for larger high power die continue, minimizing voiding and die tilt is of interest for improved die functionality, yield, manufacturability, and reliability. High-power die generate considerable heat, which is important to dissipate effectively through control of voiding under high thermal load areas of the die while maintaining a consistent bondline (minimizing die tilt). Voiding was measured using acoustic imaging and die tilt was measured using two different optical measurement systems. 80Au-20Sn solder reflow was achieved using a batch vacuum solder system with optimized fixturing. Minimizing die tilt proved to be the more difficult of the two product requirements to meet. Process development variables included tooling, weight and solder preform thickness.

Hamm, Randy↗
NASA NTRS1998

The Feasibility of Bulk Crystallization as an Industrial Purification and Production Technique for Proteins

Bulk crystallization in stirred vessels is used industrially for the recovery and purification of many inorganic and organic materials. Although much has been written on the crystallization of proteins for X-ray diffraction analysis, very little has been reported on the application of bulk crystallization in stirred vessels. In this study, a 1-liter, seeded, stirred, batch crystallizer was used with ovalbumin as a model protein to test the feasibility of this crystallization method as a recovery and purification process for proteins. Results were obtained for ovalbumin solubility, nucleation thresholds, crystal breakage and crystal growth kinetics in bulk solution under a range of operating conditions of pH and ammonium sulphate concentration (Judge et al., 1996). Experiments were also performed to determine the degree of purification that can be achieved by the crystallization of ovalbumin from a mixture of proteins. The effect of the presence of these proteins upon the ovalbumin crystal growth kinetics was also investigated (Judge et al., 1995). All of these aspects are essential for the design of bulk crystallization processes which have not previously been reported for proteins. Results from a second study that investigated the effect of structurally different proteins on the solubility, crystal growth rates and crystal purity of chicken egg white lysozyme are also presented (Judge et al., 1997). In this case face growth rates were measured using lysozyme purified by liquid chromatography and the effect of the addition of specific protein impurities were observed on the (110) and (101) crystal faces. In these two studies the results are presented to show the feasibility and purifying ability of crystallization as a production process for proteins.

Judge, Russell A.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Corrosion Failure in Electronic Devices for Aerospace Application

Corrosion of complex electronic systems is a growing and expensive concern. New materials and technology are constantly being introduced to increase performance of devices. There are many factors that can induce a corrosive environment during the various stages of manufacturing, processing, transport, and storage of these devices. The scope of this paper was to identify potential causes for the corrosion failure of optocoupler batches being used in launch applications. Optical microscope with surface profile measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to identify and analyze the source of these failure. These studies revealed that the loss of adhesion between the electrolytic plated gold and nickel layers is the critical area that traps impurity ions into the chip allowing for blisters to form along the pins of the optocoupler.

Corrosion↗
NASA NTRS2018

Automated Pneumothorax Diagnosis using Deep Neural Networks

Thoracic ultrasound can provide information leading to rapid diagnosis of pneumothorax with improved accuracy over the standard physical examination and with higher sensitivity than anteroposterior chest radiography. However, the clinical We have Furthermore, remote environments, such as the battlefield or deep-space exploration, may lack expertise for diagnosing developed an automated image interpretation pipeline for the analysis of thoracic ultrasound data and the classification of pneumothorax events to provide decision support in such situations. Our pipeline consists of image preprocessing, data augmentation, and deep learning architectures for medical diagnosis. In this work, we demonstrate that robust, accurate interpretation of chest images and video can be achieved using deep neural networks. A number of novel image processing techniques were employed to achieve this result. Affine transformations were applied for data augmentation. Hyperparameters were optimized for learning rate, dropout regularization, batch size, and epoch iteration by a sequential model-based Bayesian approach. In addition, we utilized pretrained architecturesinterpretation of a patient medical image is highly operator dependent. certain pathologies., applying transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques to fully connected layers. Our pipeline yielded binary classification validation accuracies of 98.3% for M-mode images and 99.8% with B-mode video frames.

US Army collaboration↗
NASA NTRS2020

Tin Abundances Require that Chassignites Originated from Multiple Magmatic Bodies Distinct from Nakhlites

Meteorites from Mars lack field context but chemical and chronologic studies have revealed remarkable links between nakhlites and chassignites. A widely held consensus is that nakhlites and chassignites originated from a large, single differentiated flow or shallow intrusive [1-5]. An Ar-Ar study assumed multiple flows based on resolvable age differences between meteorites [6], but did not address the possibility of differential cooling in a large, shallowly emplaced intrusion [1]. REE abundances in pyroxenes from nakhlites and Chassigny led [7] to argue for derivation of these rocks from distinct magmas. Volatile abundances (F, Cl, OH) in chlorapatites indicated that the entire suite of nakhlites and chassignites experienced hydrothermal interaction with a single fluid supporting a single body origin [4]. The discovery of a new chassignite, NWA 8694, extended the Mg# range from 80-54, providing a closer link to nakhlites but revealed the petrological difficulty of fractionating a single body of liquid to yield a series of olivine cumulates with such a large Mg# range [8]. When mafic magmas are emplaced into the crust, crustal assimilation can impart distinct elemental signatures if the country rock has experienced sedimentary or hydrothermal processing [9]. In this work, we used Sn abundances of nakhlites and chassignites to show that these rocks were crystallized from distinct magma batches, providing vital contextual clues to their origin.

Humayun, M.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Aluminum Metal Dissolution for Mark-18A Target Processing

The Mark-18A Program was established to preserve the unique materials found in Mark-18A targets for future research and development activity within the Department of Energy or other U.S. government agencies. The Savannah River Site has 65 Mark-18A targets to be provided for the recovery of high valued isotopes. The majority of the recovery work will be performed in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) Shielded Cells due to dose concerns. The recovered product will be transported to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for future research and development tasks. The Mark-18A target material will be removed from their current configuration, dissolved, chemically separated, and calcined to a stable oxide. The baseline flowsheet is patterned after the flowsheet ORNL has previously used to process both Mark-18A and Mark-42 targets. However, it is necessary for SRNL to adapt its facility and the ORNL flowsheet to identify process improvements to successfully recover the actinide materials within the constraints of the SRNL Shielded Cells. These studies evaluated and demonstrated a chemical method for cladding removal using a mixture of sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Experiments provided better insights into dissolution of the Mark-18A aluminum cladding. In particular, these studies measured the effects of temperature on dissolution rate, flammable gas generation, and nitrite formation. Using the lessons learned from batch dissolution testing at SRNL, a continuous dissolution flowsheet was successfully demonstrated using prototypic-shaped materials and chemically-conservative materials. The SRNL target dissolution flowsheet departs from the baseline ORNL flowsheet in small but significant ways as discussed in the following paragraphs. These flowsheet changes facilitate faster initial reaction rates at a given temperature, enable cladding removal at a lower process temperature, and yield a more uniform dissolution rate throughout cladding removal. Multiple tests indicate that the total time at the dissolution temperatures will be about six hours for one fourth of a target. The shorter dissolution time provides the benefit of a single-shift dissolver operation. Off gas sampling determined that the quantities of flammable hydrogen (H 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) expected in the process off gas will meet allowable flammable gas generation rates for the Shielded Cells Facility. The SRNL approach enables NaOH to be added at a constant rate, which simplifies operations in the shielded cells. In all six continuous dissolution tests, the process was easy to control with minimal operator interface. Analyses of process solutions throughout the experiments provide a better understanding of system behavior. The data show consistent behavior across several similar but different test conditions. Between the batch-test and continuous-test data, if future changes to the flowsheet are required, sufficient data exist to adequately predict how the system will respond to those changes. Future work will focus on design, fabrication, and evaluation of a system for dissolution of one-fourth of a Mark-18A target, which will be full-scale operations for SRNL. Based on these results, the process parameters are adequately understood and the system can be operated safely.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

MOOSE ProbML: Parallelized probabilistic machine learning and uncertainty quantification for computational energy applications

Here, this paper presents the development and demonstration of massively parallel probabilistic machine learning (ML) and uncertainty quantification (UQ) capabilities within the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), an open-source computational platform for parallel finite element and finite volume analyses. In addressing the computational expense and uncertainties inherent in complex multiphysics simulations, this paper integrates Gaussian process (GP) variants, active learning, Bayesian inverse UQ, adaptive forward UQ, Bayesian optimization, evolutionary optimization, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) within MOOSE. It also elaborates on the interaction among key MOOSE systems — Sampler, MultiApp, Reporter, and Surrogate — in enabling these capabilities. The modularity offered by these systems enables development of a multitude of probabilistic ML and UQ algorithms in MOOSE. Example code demonstrations include parallel active learning and parallel Bayesian inference via active learning. The impact of these developments is illustrated through five applications relevant to computational energy applications: UQ of nuclear fuel fission product release, using parallel active learning Bayesian inference; very rare events analysis in nuclear microreactors using active learning; advanced manufacturing process modeling using multi-output GPs (MOGPs) and dimensionality reduction; fluid flow using deep GPs (DGPs); and tritium transport model parameter optimization for fusion energy, using batch Bayesian optimization. These capabilities are part of the MOOSE framework.

97 - MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optimization of key energy and performance metrics for drug product manufacturing

During the development of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, detailed systems-based analysis and optimization are required to control and regulate critical quality attributes within specific ranges, to maintain product performance. As discussions on carbon footprint, sustainability, and energy efficiency are gaining prominence, the development and utilization of these concepts in pharmaceutical manufacturing are seldom reported, which limits the potential of pharmaceutical industry in maximizing key energy and performance metrics. Based on an integrated modeling and techno-economic analysis framework previously developed by the authors, this study presents the development of a combined sensitivity analysis and optimization approach to minimize energy consumption while maintaining product quality and meeting operational constraints in a pharmaceutical process. The optimal input process conditions identified were validated against experiments and good agreement resulted between simulated and experimental data. Here, the results also allowed for a comparison of the capital and operational costs for batch and continuous manufacturing schemes under nominal and optimized conditions. Using the nominal batch operations as a basis, the optimized batch operation results in a 71.7% reduction of energy consumption, whereas the optimized continuous case results in an energy saving of 83.3%.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

An end-to-end pipeline for succinic acid production at an industrially relevant scale using Issatchenkia orientalis

Abstract Microbial production of succinic acid (SA) at an industrially relevant scale has been hindered by high downstream processing costs arising from neutral pH fermentation for over three decades. Here, we metabolically engineer the acid-tolerant yeast Issatchenkia orientalis for SA production, attaining the highest titers in sugar-based media at low pH (pH 3) in fed-batch fermentations, i.e. 109.5 g/L in minimal medium and 104.6 g/L in sugarcane juice medium. We further perform batch fermentation using sugarcane juice medium in a pilot-scale fermenter (300×) and achieve 63.1 g/L of SA, which can be directly crystallized with a yield of 64.0%. Finally, we simulate an end-to-end low-pH SA production pipeline, and techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment indicate our process is financially viable and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 34–90% relative to fossil-based production processes. We expect I. orientalis can serve as a general industrial platform for production of organic acids.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗