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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 955 records · Page 53
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Visualizing an Exascale Data Center Digital Twin: Considerations, Challenges and Opportunities

Digital twins are an excellent tool to model, visualize, and simulate complex systems, to understand and optimize their operation. In this work, we present the technical challenges of real-time visualization of a digital twin of the Frontier supercomputer.We show the initial prototype and current state of the twin and highlight technical design challenges of visualizing such a large High Performance Computing (HPC) system. The goal is to understand the use of augmented reality as a primary way to extract information and collaborate on digital twins of complex systems. This leverages the spatio-temporal aspect of a 3D representation of a digital twin, with the ability to view historical and real-time telemetry, triggering simulations of a system state and viewing the results, which can be augmented via dashboards for details. Finally, we discuss considerations and opportunities for augmented reality of digital twins of large-scale, parallel computers.

Maiterth, Matthias↗
DOE OSTI2021

A regional inter-disciplinary partnership focusing on the development of a carinata-centered bioeconomy

Brassica carinata or Ethiopian mustard, a non-edible oilseed brassica, is a low carbon, purpose-grown, and none-to-low indirect land-use change bioenergy feedstock for the production of drop-in sustainable aviation fuel, biodiesel, renewable diesel, and a suite of value-added coproducts. Carinata oil converted to drop-in fuel using an American Society for Testing and Materials approved Catalytic Hydrothermolysis process has been successfully tested in commercial and military aviation. Carinata meal, the residue after oil extraction, is a high-protein feed supplement for livestock, poultry, and swine, and can also yield specialty products. The Southeast Partnership for Advanced Renewables from Carinata (SPARC) is a public–private partnership formed with a twofold mission: (1) Removing physical, environmental, social, and economic constraints that prevent regional intensification of carinata production as a low-carbon feedstock for renewable fuel and coproducts and (2) demonstrating enhanced value across the entire value chain by mitigating risk to farmers and other stakeholders. The partnership's goal is to energize the US bioeconomy through sustainable agriculture and thus contribute to energy security and economic diversification. SPARC relies on a combination of cutting-edge multidisciplinary research and active industry engagement to facilitate adoption of the crop. This involves informing stakeholders along the entire supply chain, from producers to end-users, policymakers, influencers, and the public, about the opportunities and best practices related to carinata. This article provides context and background concerning carinata commercialization as a winter cash crop in the Southeast US for renewable fuels and bioproducts. The advances made to date in the areas of feedstock development, fuel and coproduct development, meal valorization, supply chain logistics, and stakeholder engagement are outlined.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Human NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to formation of condensate at the microtubule organizing center

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein molecular machine that drives inflammatory responses in innate immunity. Although its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, its structural organization in cells remains poorly understood. Here, we used precise fluorescence-guided cryo–focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) milling and cryo–electron tomography (cryo-ET) to visualize NLRP3 inflammasomes in situ within human macrophages at various stages of activation. After priming and activation, we observed expansion and dispersion of Golgi cisternae, along with the emergence of 50-nanometer NLRP3-associated vesicles, which likely transport NLRP3 to the MTOC. Dense NLRP3-containing condensates then formed in and around the MTOC. In later stages, the condensates solidified, coincident with widespread mitochondrial damage, autophagy, and pyroptotic cell death.

Wang, Jue [Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engi↗
DOE OSTI2021

$$\pi ^-p\rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}\, \pi ^- p$$ in the double-Regge region: Joint Physics Analysis Center

Abstract The production of $$\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi $$ η ( ′ ) π pairs constitutes one of the golden channels to search for hybrid exotics, with explicit gluonic degrees of freedom. Understanding the dynamics and backgrounds associated to $$\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi $$ η ( ′ ) π production above the resonance region is required to impose additional constraints to the resonance extraction. We consider the reaction $$\pi ^-p\rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )} \pi ^- \,p$$ π - p → η ( ′ ) π - p measured by COMPASS. We show that the data in $$2.4< m_{\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi } < 3.0{\mathrm {\,GeV}} $$ 2.4 < m η ( ′ ) π < 3.0 GeV can be described by amplitudes based on double-Regge exchanges. The angular distribution of the meson pairs, in particular in the $$\eta ' \pi $$ η ′ π channel, can be attributed to flavor singlet exchanges, suggesting the presence of a large gluon content that couples strongly to the produced mesons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design Considerations and Analysis of Multi-Level Erasure Coding in Large-Scale Data Centers

Multi-level erasure coding (MLEC) has seen large deployments in the field, but there is no in-depth study of design considerations for MLEC at scale. In this paper, we provide comprehensive design considerations and analysis of MLEC at scale. We introduce the design space of MLEC in multiple dimensions, including various code parameter selections, chunk placement schemes, and various repair methods. We quantify their performance and durability, and show which MLEC schemes and repair methods can provide the best tolerance against independent/correlated failures and reduce repair network traffic by orders of magnitude. To achieve this, we use various evaluation strategies including simulation, splitting, dynamic programming, and mathematical modeling. We also compare the performance and durability of MLEC with other EC schemes such as SLEC and LRC and show that MLEC can provide high durability with higher encoding throughput and less repair network traffic over both SLEC and LRC.

Wang, Meng↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Future of Nuclear Energy: Electrochemical Reprocessing of Fuel Takes Center Stage

Nuclear power plants use energy-dense fuel and provide dependable baseload energy without generating greenhouse gas emissions. Despite these advantages, the long-term management of used nuclear fuel (UNF) remains a key challenge due to its lifetime (hundreds of thousands of years) and radiotoxicity. The components of UNF that contribute the most to this challenge are the actinide elements. A potential solution to this issue is to separate these radioisotopes from the bulk of the UNF and recycle them as fuel in advanced nuclear reactors. These separations can be achieved using electrochemical reprocessing, which employs electrochemical conversion and electrodeposition in a high-temperature molten salt electrolyte medium to separate the actinides from UNF. In this work, we review the current status, fundamental challenges, and future prospects of electrochemical reprocessing as they relate to UNF recycling.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Software-Defined Data Center Network Architecture using VXLAN-based BGP EVPN for Dynamic Workflows in a Supercomputing Environment (VXLAN-based BGP EVPN Fabric for HPC) v1

This software repository automates the deployment of a multi-vendor VXLAN-based BGP EVPN architecture, leveraging Containerlab to instantiate a stretched CLOS topology. It integrates Linux, Nokia SR Linux, and Arista cEOS, using BGP for underlay, overlay, and topology extension. The software enables rapid prototyping and testing of advanced network configurations. Its key advantage lies in providing a dynamic, programmable environment for research and development of critical technologies supporting dynamic workflows within supercomputing environments, surpassing the limitations of static, vendor-locked alternatives by fostering interoperability and agility.

Kumar, Ronal [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborator↗
DOE OSTI2024

KRT18 as a Novel Biomarker of Urothelial Papilloma while Evaluating Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms: Bi-Center Analysis

Introduction: Although urothelial papilloma (UP) is an indolent papillary neoplasm that can mimic the morphology of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC), there is no immunomarker to differentiate reliably these two entities. In addition, the molecular characteristics of UP are not fully understood. Methods: We conducted an in-depth proteomic analysis of papillary urothelial lesions (n = 31), including UP and PUC along with normal urothelium. Protein markers distinguishing UP and PUC were selected with machine learning analysis, followed by internal and external validation using immunohistochemistry. Results: In the proteomic analysis, UP and PUC showed overlapping proteomic profiles. Here, we identified EHD4 and KRT18 as candidate diagnostic biomarkers of UP. Through immunohistochemical validation in two independent cohorts (n = 120), KRT18 was suggested as a novel UP diagnostic marker, able to differentiate UP from low-grade PUC. We also found that 3.5% of patients with UP developed urothelial carcinoma in subsequent resections, supporting the malignant potential of UP. KRT18 downregulation was significantly associated with UPs subsequently progressing to urothelial carcinoma, following their initial diagnosis. Conclusion: This is the first study that successfully revealed UPs comprehensive proteomic landscape, while it also identified KRT18 as a potential diagnostic biomarker of UP.

Biomarkers↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optics Enabled Networks and Architectures for Data Center Cost and Power Efficiency

Bandwidth demand for datacenter networks continues as performance increases and is further fueled by the exploding demand for AI and new HPC workloads. Managing power and costs will require a range of solutions including new networking and workload specialized architectures, composable systems and optical circuit switching. In this study we focus primarily on two topics, examining the benefits of flatter networks (enabled mainly by means of co-packaged-optics-enabled switches) and the utilization improvement potential for composable (disaggregated) systems, while discussing specialized hardware and networks, and optical circuit switching more briefly.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mixed domain coherent link with electrically reconfigurable IMDD and coherent modes for O-band data center applications

We report the first O-band link with electrically reconfigurable intensity-modulation direct-detection (IMDD) and coherent operation using custom silicon photonic chips packaged with commercial electronic chips. Transmission below the KP4-FEC threshold is shown using commercial 53 Gbaud PAM4 digital signal processing (DSP) for 16QAM (200 Gbps/ λ ) and PAM4 (100 Gbps/ λ ). Efficient operation of the packaged full link at 12 and 11.2 pJ/bit is achieved for the PAM4 and 16QAM modes, respectively.

Misak, Stephen (ORCID:0000000154973084)↗
DOE OSTI2022

National Marine Renewable Energy Center Upgrades - LUPA

The data provided is part of a power take off damping optimization study. The power take off damping coefficient was swept from 0 to approximately 7000 N/m/s during a single regular wave test with a real time control of the motor/generator. The generated power from the LUPA (Lab Upgrade Point Absorber) wave energy converter is reported by the motor drive in watts. The csv files in this submission are the corresponding raw time series outputs for each mode of operation of LUPA (one body heave only, two body heave only, and two body six degrees of freedom). Data comes from testing in the Large WaveFlume (LWF) at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory in Corvallis, OR.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2025

Beyond Like-for-Like: A User-centered Approach to Modernizing Legacy Applications

When modernizing a legacy application, it is easy to fall back on a like-for-like replica with new tools and updated design stylings, but this is an opportunity to explore making a more intuitive application that supports user tasks and efficiency. Rather than having a blank canvas-unburdened by legacy tech debt-to create a new application, you are working with an existing application that is integral to accelerator operations and one that expert users are already familiar with. Due to this, you might assume people will prefer the like-for-like, but you could be carrying forward the pain points, processes that are inefficient, and ultimately wind up with an application that no one wants to use because it doesn't solve existing problems. Getting users involved can make all the difference in your approach to modernizing a legacy application that caters to both newer and expert users. It also can bridge the gap between like-for-like and introducing new GUI design. Having a legacy application doesn't have to make the modernized one difficult to develop, as the existing application is a tool in how you move forward with the new application. It provides insight into areas that an application with a clean slate doesn't give you.

Polzin, M. [Fermilab]↗