Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “UNIFIED MODEL”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

WIMPs at the galactic center

Simple models of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) predict dark matter annihilations into pairs of electroweak gauge bosons, Higgses or tops, which through their subsequent cascade decays produce a spectrum of gamma rays. Intriguingly, an excess in gamma rays coming from near the Galactic center has been consistently observed in Fermi data. A recent analysis by the Fermi collaboration confirms these earlier results. Taking into account the systematic uncertainties in the modelling of the gamma ray backgrounds, we show for the first time that this excess can be well fit by these final states. In particular, for annihilations to (WW, ZZ, hh, tt{sup -bar}), dark matter with mass between threshold and approximately (165, 190, 280, 310) GeV gives an acceptable fit. The fit range for bb{sup -bar} is also enlarged to 35 GeV≲m{sub χ}≲165 GeV. These are to be compared to previous fits that concluded only much lighter dark matter annihilating into b, τ, and light quark final states could describe the excess. We demonstrate that simple, well-motivated models of WIMP dark matter including a thermal-relic neutralino of the MSSM, Higgs portal models, as well as other simplified models can explain the excess.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Potential fate of local model building

We analyze local models at the point of E{sub 8} in F-theory grand unified theories and identify exactly two models with potentially realistic properties concerning proton stability and a suitable pattern of quark and lepton masses. To this end, we identify a matter parity at the local point. A globally consistent ultraviolet completion turns out to be problematic for both models. It is impossible to embed the models in a semilocal scheme via the spectral cover approach. This seems to severely limit the predictive power of local model building and to indicate that the full string theory might give us valuable hints for particle physics model building.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Topological interactions in the Higgsless model at the LHC

Topological quantum interactions, namely, Chern-Simons terms and global Wess-Zumino terms, arise naturally in theories with extra dimensions of space compactified on orbifolds. If the extra dimensions become manifest at the TeV scale, experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) could observe signatures of topological interactions. Decays of Kaluza-Klein excitations of neutral electroweak gauge bosons into pairs of neutral standard model gauge bosons, Z{sup 0}Z{sup 0} and Z{sup 0{gamma}}, would provide a clean signature, since such decays do not occur at tree level. In this paper, we investigate the prospects for discovering such decays at the LHC, in the context of the Higgsless model of electroweak symmetry breaking. We identify the form of the relevant topological interactions, and estimate their strength. We find that in the minimal version of the model, the signal may be observed with about 100 fb{sup -1} of data at the LHC using the Drell-Yan production process of the Kaluza-Klein gauge bosons. In addition, it is likely that the ultraviolet completion of the model would contain additional massive fermions, which can significantly enhance the signal. With two additional fermion multiplets, observation of the topological decay modes at the 3-sigma level would be possible with about 100 fb{sup -1} of data using the highly model-independent vector-boson fusion production channel.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Constraining the Noncommutative Spectral Action via Astrophysical Observations

The noncommutative spectral action extends our familiar notion of commutative spaces, using the data encoded in a spectral triple on an almost commutative space. Varying a rather simple action, one can derive all of the standard model of particle physics in this setting, in addition to a modified version of Einstein-Hilbert gravity. In this Letter we use observations of pulsar timings, assuming that no deviation from general relativity has been observed, to constrain the gravitational sector of this theory. While the bounds on the coupling constants remain rather weak, they are comparable to existing bounds on deviations from general relativity in other settings and are likely to be further constrained by future observations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling of Induction Motors and Variable Speed Drives for Multi-Domain System Simulations Using Modelica and the OpenIPSL Library

This paper introduces an innovative method for characterizing, implementing, and validating both three-phase and single-phase induction motor models, accompanied by a variable speed drive model. The primary goal is to investigate interactions between the electrical power grid and other dynamic domains (e.g., thermofluidic) that impact motor/load drive behavior. Our approach involves establishing a mechanical interface based on a physically meaningful equation linking motor torque/speed to the electrical model in the phasor domain. This allows seamless integration of diverse domain subsystems into a unified multi-domain model using Modelica v4.0.0 and the OpenIPSL library v3.0.1, overcoming co-simulation limitations. The proposed model, which requires only one Modelica-compliant tool for simulation, introduces additional dynamics through the mechanical interface, enabling explicit simulation of load disturbances based on constitutive physics. This deepens our understanding of dynamic interactions between the electrical power domain and other subsystems connected through the motor. We detail the modeled components using mathematical equations and textual descriptions, emphasizing the Modelica modeling approach. Simulation examples validate the implementation, demonstrating the multi-domain modeling capabilities of the newly developed components.

Computer Science↗
DOE OSTI2021

The coupling and competition of crystallization and phase separation, correlating thermodynamics and kinetics in OPV morphology and performances

The active layer morphology transition of organic photovoltaics under non-equilibrium conditions are of vital importance in determining the device power conversion efficiency and stability; however, a general and unified picture on this issue has not been well addressed. Using combined in situ and ex situ morphology characterizations, morphological parameters relating to kinetics and thermodynamics of morphology evolution are extracted and studied in model systems under thermal annealing. The coupling and competition of crystallization and demixing are found to be critical in morphology evolution, phase purification and interfacial orientation. A unified model summarizing different phase diagrams and all possible kinetic routes is proposed. The current observations address the fundamental issues underlying the formation of the complex multi-length scale morphology in bulk heterojunction blends and provide useful morphology optimization guidelines for processing devices with higher efficiency and stability.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

D{sup 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma} and D{sup 0}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} rates on an unlikely impact of the littlest Higgs model with T parity

The decays D{sup 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma}, {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} are highly suppressed in the standard model (SM) with the lion's share of the rate coming from long distance dynamics; D{sup 0}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} is driven predominantly by D{sup 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}. Their present experimental bounds are small, yet much larger than SM predictions. New physics models like the littlest Higgs models with T parity (LHT) can induce even large indirect CP violation in D{sup 0} transitions. One would guess that LHT has a ''fighting chance'' to affect these D{sup 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma}, {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} rates in an observable way. We have found LHT contributions can be much larger than short distance SM amplitude by orders of magnitude. Yet those can barely compete with the long distance SM effects. If D{sup 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma}, {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} modes are observed at greatly enhanced rates, LHT scenarios will not be candidates for generating such signals. LHT-like frameworks will not yield larger D{sup 0}{yields}{gamma}{gamma}/{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} rates as they are constrained by B and K rare decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Radiative corrections to longitudinal and transverse gauge boson and Higgs production

Radiative corrections to gauge boson and Higgs production computed recently using soft-collinear effective theory require the one-loop high-scale matching coefficients in the standard model. We give explicit expressions for the matching coefficients for the effective field theory operators for qq{yields}VV and qq{yields}{phi}{sup {dagger}{phi}}for a general gauge theory with an arbitrary number of gauge groups. The group theory factors are given explicitly for the standard model, including both QCD and electroweak corrections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

From string theory to algebraic geometry and back

We describe some facts in physics which go up to the modern string theory and the related concepts in algebraic geometry. Then we present some recent results on moduli-spaces of vector bundles on non-Kaehler Calabi-Yau 3-folds and their consequences for heterotic string theory.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

{Sigma}{sub b,c} to Nucleon Transitions in Light Cone QCD Sum Rules

The loop level flavor changing neutral current transitions of the {Sigma}{sub b}{yields}nl{sup +}l{sup -} and {Sigma}{sub c}{yields}pl{sup +}l{sup -} are investigated in the light cone QCD sum rules approach. Using the most general form of the interpolating current for {Sigma}{sub Q}, Q = b or c, the transition form factors are calculated using two sets of input parameters entering the nucleon distribution amplitudes, namely, QCD sum rules and lattice QCD inputs. The obtained results are used to estimate the decay rates of the corresponding transitions. Since such type transitions occurred at loop level in the standard model, they can be considered as good candidates to search for the new physics effects beyond the SM.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Multi‐hypothesis comparison of Farquhar and Collatz photosynthesis models reveals the unexpected influence of empirical assumptions at leaf and global scales

Abstract Mechanistic photosynthesis models are at the heart of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) simulating the daily, monthly, annual and decadal rhythms of carbon assimilation ( A ). These models are founded on robust mathematical hypotheses that describe how A responds to changes in light and atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Two predominant photosynthesis models are in common usage: Farquhar (FvCB) and Collatz (CBGB). However, a detailed quantitative comparison of these two models has never been undertaken. In this study, we unify the FvCB and CBGB models to a common parameter set and use novel multi‐hypothesis methods (that account for both hypothesis and parameter variability) for process‐level sensitivity analysis. These models represent three key biological processes: carboxylation, electron transport, triose phosphate use (TPU) and an additional model process: limiting‐rate selection. Each of the four processes comprises 1–3 alternative hypotheses giving 12 possible individual models with a total of 14 parameters. To broaden inference, TBM simulations were run and novel, high‐resolution photosynthesis measurements were made. We show that parameters associated with carboxylation are the most influential parameters but also reveal the surprising and marked dominance of the limiting‐rate selection process (accounting for 57% of the variation in A vs. 22% for carboxylation). The limiting‐rate selection assumption proposed by CBGB smooths the transition between limiting rates and always reduces A below the minimum of all potentially limiting rates, by up to 25%, effectively imposing a fourth limitation on A . Evaluation of the CBGB smoothing function in three TBMs demonstrated a reduction in global A by 4%–10%, equivalent to 50%–160% of current annual fossil fuel emissions. This analysis reveals a surprising and previously unquantified influence of a process that has been integral to many TBMs for decades, highlighting the value of multi‐hypothesis methods.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Semi-supervised Learning of Dynamical Systems with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations: A Teacher-Student Model Approach

Modeling dynamical systems is crucial for a wide range of tasks, but it remains challenging due to complex nonlinear dynamics, limited observations, or lack of prior knowledge. Recently, data-driven approaches such as Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODE) have shown promising results by leveraging the expressive power of neural networks to model unknown dynamics. However, these approaches often suffer from limited labeled training data, leading to poor generalization and suboptimal predictions. On the other hand, semi-supervised algorithms can utilize abundant unlabeled data and have demonstrated good performance in classification and regression tasks. We propose TS-NODE, the first semi-supervised approach to modeling dynamical systems with NODE. TS-NODE explores cheaply generated synthetic pseudo rollouts to broaden exploration in the state space and to tackle the challenges brought by lack of ground-truth system data under a teacher-student model. TS-NODE employs an unified optimization framework that corrects the teacher model based on the student's feedback while mitigating the potential false system dynamics present in pseudo rollouts. TS-NODE demonstrates significant performance improvements over a baseline Neural ODE model on multiple dynamical system modeling tasks.

Wang, Yu↗
DOE OSTI2018

The multi-assumption architecture and testbed (MAAT v1.0): R code for generating ensembles with dynamic model structure and analysis of epistemic uncertainty from multiple sources

Abstract. Here, computer models are ubiquitous tools used to represent systems across many scientific and engineering domains. For any given system, many computer models exist, each built on different assumptions and demonstrating variability in the ways in which these systems can be represented. This variability is known as epistemic uncertainty, i.e. uncertainty in our knowledge of how these systems operate. Two primary sources of epistemic uncertainty are (1) uncertain parameter values and (2) uncertain mathematical representations of the processes that comprise the system. Many formal methods exist to analyse parameter-based epistemic uncertainty, while process-representation-based epistemic uncertainty is often analysed post hoc, incompletely, informally, or is ignored. In this model description paper we present the multi-assumption architecture and testbed (MAAT v1.0) designed to formally and completely analyse process-representation-based epistemic uncertainty. MAAT is a modular modelling code that can simply and efficiently vary model structure (process representation), allowing for the generation and running of large model ensembles that vary in process representation, parameters, parameter values, and environmental conditions during a single execution of the code. MAAT v1.0 approaches epistemic uncertainty through sensitivity analysis, assigning variability in model output to processes (process representation and parameters) or to individual parameters. In this model description paper we describe MAAT and, by using a simple groundwater model example, verify that the sensitivity analysis algorithms have been correctly implemented. The main system model currently coded in MAAT is a unified, leaf-scale enzyme kinetic model of C 3 photosynthesis. In the Appendix we describe the photosynthesis model and the unification of multiple representations of photosynthetic processes. The numerical solution to leaf-scale photosynthesis is verified and examples of process variability in temperature response functions are provided. For rapid application to new systems, the MAAT algorithms for efficient variation of model structure and sensitivity analysis are agnostic of the specific system model employed. Therefore MAAT provides a tool for the development of novel or toy models in many domains, i.e. not only photosynthesis, facilitating rapid informal and formal comparison of alternative modelling approaches.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2010

New Model of Inflation with Nonminimal Derivative Coupling of Standard Model Higgs Boson to Gravity

In this Letter we show that there is a unique nonminimal derivative coupling of the standard model Higgs boson to gravity such that it propagates no more degrees of freedom than general relativity sourced by a scalar field, reproduces a successful inflating background within the standard model Higgs parameters, and finally does not suffer from dangerous quantum corrections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1985

Viscoplasticity based on overstress with a differential growth law for the equilibrium stress

Two coupled, nonlinear differential equations are proposed for the modeling of the elastic and rate (time) dependent inelastic behavior of structural metals in the absence of recovery and aging. The structure of the model is close to the unified theories but contains essential differences. It is shown that the model reproduces almost elastic regions upon initial loading and in the unloading regions of the hysteresis loop. Under loading, unloading and reloading in strain control the model simulated the experimentally observed sharp transition from nearly elastic to inelastic behavior. When a formulation akin to existing unified theories is adopted the almost elastic regions reduce the points and the transition upon reloading is very gradual. For different formulations the behavior under sudden in(de)creases of the strain rate by two orders of magnitude is simulated by numerical experiments and differences are noted. The model represents cyclically neutral behavior and contains three constants and two positive, decreasing functions. The determination of constants and functions from monotonic loading with strain rate changes and relaxation periods is described.

Krempl, E.↗