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At least 955 records · Page 53
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NASA NTRS1974

Laser-plasma spectra of highly ionized fluorine

Lines between 11.3 and 17.2 A of lithium-like, helium-like, and hydrogen-like fluorine have been observed in spectra of laser-produced plasmas. These lines include nine members of the Lyman series of F IX; eight members of the principal series of F VIII; and satellite lines arising from doubly excited configurations of F VII and F VIII. Similar satellite lines of the abundant solar elements have been identified in soft X-ray spectra of solar flares. A wavelength list of fluorine lines is given, and physical conditions in the plasma are discussed.

Feldman, U.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Four years of meteor spectra patrol

The development of the NASA-Langley Research Center meteor spectra patrol is described in general terms. The recording of very faint meteors was made possible by three great strides in optical and photographic technology in the 1960's: (1) the availability of optical-grade fused silica at modest cost, (2) the development of large transmission gratings with high blaze efficiency, and (3) the development of a method for avoiding plate fogging due to background skylight, which consisted of using a photoelectric meteor detector which actuates the spectrograph shutter when a meteor occurs in the field. The classification scheme for meteor spectra developed by Peter M. Millman is described.

Harvey, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Polarization in astronomical spectra - Theoretical evidence

Theoretical evidence for the existence and behavior of polarization in astronomical spectra is provided. The theory for the study of spectral multiple scattering of arbitrarily polarized light is first developed, and the detailed and integrated spectropolarimetry of a planetary atmosphere is then studied for cases in which the spectra are formed in the presence of either very small nonspherical particles (Rayleigh-Cabannes scattering) or large polydisperse spherical particles (Mie scattering). It is shown in both cases that polarization is indeed present; it increases with the line strength but decreases afterwards as the line becomes very strong and tends to saturation. A polarization reversal is also predicted during latitudinal (pole-to-equator) scan and possibly also during longitudinal (terminator-to-limb) scan of the planet. The reversal happened at all phase angles considered. Our companion article (Forbes and Fymat) will provide observational substantiation to these theoretical predictions.

Fymat, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Low-frequency temperature spectra from a 444 meter tower

Review of temperature spectra at three levels in the planetary boundary layer covering a range of periods from about 5 hr to 35 days. Apart from the diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations, there are two identifiable period lengths of interest. One extends from about 3 to 7 days, the other from 7 to 20 days. Comparisons are made between these spectra and those reported by other investigators.

Goff, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly ionized oxygen and fluorine

The foil-excitation method has been used to study the extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly ionized oxygen and fluorine. Several previously unreported lines in heliumlike fluorine are reported and other newly reported lines in heliumlike oxygen have been measured to higher accuracy. Included in the measurements are certain heliumlike oxygen transitions of significance in interpretation of solar-flare spectral observations. The wavelength determinations are usually in good agreement with calculated results which includes relativistic corrections, but discrepancies arise when nonrelativistic calculations are used. A comparison of the present results and those recently obtained by theta-pinch and laser-induced plasma sources is made for both heliumlike and lithiumlike ions; a few discrepancies occur, with results in most cases in better agreement with relativistically corrected calculations. Certain unidentified lines in the spectra may be attributable to radiative transitions between quartet states of lithiumlike ions.

Pegg, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Measurement of spectra and neutron fluxes on artificial earth satellites from the Cosmos series

In 1966-1967 measurements were carried out at the altitudes of 200 to 400 km to determine the spectra and fluxes of fast neutrons inside the hermetically sealed artificial earth satellites of the Cosmos series. The detectors used were nuclear emulsions of the B9 and BR types and an emulsion of the P9 type, filled with Li and P. Spectra and fluxes of neutrons in the range of energies from thermal energies to 10 MeV are presented. Neutron doses are also estimated.

Dudkin, V. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Scintillation spectra of stars and planets and dependence of their characteristics on meteorological conditions

Scintillation spectra of stars and planets were obtained at Goloseyevo. The dependence was studied of the scintillation spectral density and of the amplitude and frequency characteristics on zenith distances and aerological parameters. The differences in the scintillation spectra amplitude characteristics for white and red stars were found. The increase in the limiting frequency of the planet scintillation spectrum (as the wind becomes stronger) was studied along with the dependence of spectral characteristics on wind and star azimuth differences.

Filippov, Y. K.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Rocket-ultraviolet spectra of kappa, lambda, tau, and upsilon Scorpii

The present work describes high- and low-resolution rocket-ultraviolet spectra of kappa, lambda, tau, and upsilon Scorpii obtained in the range from 1160 to 1880 A. The Si IV resonance lines in tau Sco show asymmetries indicating outward mass motions of up to about 400 km/sec. The suitability of some of the lines observed for indication of luminosity or temperature is discussed. It is pointed out that the intrinsic strength and large changes of the lines of Si III and C IV may permit a more accurate spectral classification of stars between B0 and B3 than has been demonstrated in this same spectral type region using visible spectra.

Jenkins, E. B.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Methane absorption in the visible spectra of the outer planets and Titan

New spectra of Jupiter, Saturn, and Titan show weak methane bands in the region below 6000 A which have been known for many years in the spectra of Uranus and Neptune. Adopting the known abundance of methane on Jupiter, we have used a band model to determine CH4 abundances and broadening pressures for the other objects. The results indicate high values of the CH4 to H2 concentration ratio for Uranus and Neptune; for Titan, a surface pressure in excess of 1 atm is implied.

Owen, T.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Pulsar fluctuation spectra and the generalized drifting-subpulse phenomenon. II

Pulsar observations at meter wavelengths have been analyzed to investigate pulse-to-pulse variations and to identify regions of the pulse profile which display distinct statistical properties. Fluctuation spectra of eight recently discovered pulsars are presented along with a description of the drifting-subpulse phenomenon in several objects with quasiperiodic responses in their fluctuation spectra. A quantitative analysis of the drifting-subpulse phenomenon in PSR 0031-07 and PSR 0809+74 is given which emphasizes the broad-band nature of the phenomenon. A summary of the memory exhibited by pulsars with time scales of about 50 periods is given.

Backer, D. C.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Raman spectra of gases. XVI - Torsional transitions in ethanol and ethanethiol

The Raman spectra of gaseous ethanol and ethanethiol have been investigated. Thiol torsional fundamentals for the gauche conformer of EtSH and EtSD have been observed and the asymmetric potential function for this vibration has been calculated. Methyl torsional transitions and overtones have also been observed for both of these molecules. Barriers to internal rotation for the methyl top are calculated to be 3.77 and 3.84 kcal/mol for the EtSH and EtSD compounds, respectively. Hydroxyl torsional fundamentals were observed at 207 and 170 per cm in the EtOH and EtOD spectra, respectively. Overtones of the methyl torsion in both molecules yield a barrier to internal rotation of 3.62 kcal/mol for the gauche conformer.

Durig, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A shock spectra and impedance method to determine a bound for spacecraft structural loads

This paper proposes a method for the determination of design loads of a spacecraft mounted on a launch vehicle when the significant frequency ranges of the two structures overlap. The derived loads are realistic upper bounds of the flight loads. The method utilizes shock spectra of the spacecraft/launch vehicle interface directional accelerations for each event separately and introduces a reduction factor for the shock spectra which is based on the relative impedance of the spacecraft and launch vehicle. The main advantages of the method are low cost of analysis and timeliness in the design. These advantages are attained with only a slight expense of structural weight compared to the more exact transient analysis method.

Bamford, R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Skylab ultraviolet stellar spectra - Variation of intensity and structure of strong lines with temperature and luminosity

Objective-prism spectra at ultraviolet wavelengths extending to 1300 A were photographed during the three Skylab missions in a survey covering 9 percent of the sky. Several spectral features, notably resonance lines of C IV and Si IV, show striking variations with stellar temperature and luminosity. Marked P Cygni profiles in C IV and Si IV, indicative of significant outflow of mass, appear in the spectra of all stars with bolometric magnitude brighter than -8.4.

Henize, K. G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Power spectra of geoid undulations

Data from spacecraft altimeters are expected to contribute to an improved determination of the marine geoid. To better define altimeter system design requirements for geoid recovery, amplitudes of geoid undulations at short wavelengths were examined. Models of detailed geoids in selected areas around the earth, developed from a combination of satellite derived spherical harmonics and 1 deg-by-1 deg area mean free-air gravity anomalies, were subjected to a spectral analysis. The resulting undulation power spectra were compared to existing estimates for the magnitude of geoid undulations at short wavelengths. The undulation spectra were found to be consistent with Kaula's rule of thumb, following an inverse third power relationship with spatial frequency for wavelengths at least as small as 300 km. The requirements imposed by this relationship on altimeter accuracy, data rate, and horizontal resolution to meet the goal of a detailed geoid description are discussed.

Brown, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Infrared emission spectra from operating elastohydrodynamic sliding contacts

Infrared emission spectra from an operating EHD sliding contact were obtained through a diamond window for an aromatic polymer solute present in equal concentration in four different fluids. Three different temperature ranges, three different loads, and three different speeds for every load were examined. Very sensitive Fourier spectrophotometric (Interferometric) techniques were employed. Band Intensities and band intensity ratios found to depend both on the operating parameters and on the fluid. Fluid film and metal surface temperatures were calculated from the spectra and their dependence on the mechanical parameters plotted. The difference between these temperatures could be plotted against shear rate on one curve for all fluids. However, at the same shear rate the difference between bulk fluid temperature and diamond window temperature was much higher for one of the fluids, a traction fluid, than for the others.

Lauer, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Review of cometary spectra

The spectra of comet Kohoutek, comet Bradfield, and comet Mrkos are reviewed and compared in relation to stellar spectroscopy and evolution. The possibility of observing the absorption spectrum of a comet and direct measurement of Doppler shifts due to expansion or streaming motions in comets are considered along with the spectra of giant comets, such as, comet Minkowski, comet Baade, and comet Lovas. A speculative explanation for possible intrinsic abundance differences between comets is given.

Herbig, G. H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Interpretation of comet spectra

The spectra of comets are discussed by considering successively a number of molecules that have been studied recently: CN, CH, C2, C3, OH, CH(+). The first two of this list, CN and CH, have been analyzed in greatest detail. A classification of the spectra of cometary heads is introduced.

Arpigny, C.↗