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Results for “RESIDENTIAL”
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Residential radon – Comparative analysis of exposure models in Switzerland
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Urban residential greenspace and mental health in youth: Different approaches to testing multiple pathways yield different conclusions
Highlights: • We compared single and parallel mediation models to serial mediation models. • Single mediation models suggested mediation through neighborhood restorative quality. • Parallel mediation models did not find any mediation through restorative quality. • There was serial mediation through restorative quality, physical activity and social cohesion. • Testing mediators alone or in parallel may lead to incorrect inferences. Urban greenspace can benefit mental health through multiple mechanisms. They may work together, but previous studies have treated them as independent.
Long-term exposure to residential railway and road traffic noise and risk for diabetes in a Danish cohort
Highlights: • Road traffic noise exposure has been found associated with diabetes incidence. • The association between railway noise and diabetes incidence is little studied. • We investigated modelled railway and road traffic noise and diabetes in 50534 Danes. • We found no association between railway noise and diabetes. • In contrast, road traffic noise exposure was associated with diabetes. Road traffic noise exposure has been found associated with diabetes incidence. Evidence for an association between railway noise exposure is less clear, as large studies with detailed railway noise modelling are lacking.
Isolation and characterization of a respirable particle fraction from residential house-dust
Highlights: • House dust is an important environmental matrix to monitor. • A method for the isolation of dust particles in the respirable size range was developed. • The study presents a comprehensive characterization of house dust in the respirable size range. • This method may be a valuable for risk assessment following an inhalation exposure to house dust. Indoor air pollution has caused increasing concern in recent years. As we spend most of our lives indoors, it is crucial to understand the health effects caused by indoor air pollution. Household dust serve as good proxy for accessing indoor air pollution, especially smaller dust particles that can pass into the lungs are of interest. In this study we present an efficient method for the isolation of dust particles in the respirable size range. The respirable fraction was recovered from vacuum cleaner bags, separated by stepwise sieving, followed by characterization for size, morphology, surface area, organic content and elemental composition. The respirable fraction was obtained in a yield of 0.6% with a specific surface area of 2.5 m{sup 2}/g and a Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter of 3.73 ± 0.15 µm. Aluminum and zink were the dominating metals measured in the dust, whereas the major mineral components were found to be silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate. The fraction of organic matter in the dust was measured to be 69 ± 1%. The organic matrix contained bacterial and fungi and a presence of skin fragments. We present here an efficient and fast method for the isolation of dust particles in the respirable size range. That is of considerable value due to the need for large quantities of respirable particle fractions to conduct toxicological studies and risk assessment work.
Long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and anxiety and depression in adults: A cross-sectional study
Highlights: • Increasing surrounding greenness associated with reduced odds of use of benzodiazepines. • Access to major green spaces was associated with self-reported history of depression. • Air pollution and noise explained a proportion of the associations observed. • No associations between blue spaces and mental health outcomes were observed. • The present study suggests a potential protective role of green spaces on mental health. Although exposure to natural outdoor environments has been consistently associated with improved perceived general health, available evidence on a protective association between this exposure and specific mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety is still limited.
Emissions of particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from the residential burning of waste paper briquettes and other fuels
Highlights: • The first attempt to report emission of key air pollutants from waste paper briquettes. • Burning of paper briquettes emitted relatively high CO and NO{sub x} concentration. • Burning of paper briquettes emitted PM with large average particle size. • Waste paper could be recycled as briquettes for domestic use like other common fuels. Using waste paper as fuel for domestic heating is a beneficial recycling option for small island developing states where there are lacks of resources for energy and waste treatment. However, there are concerns about the impact of air pollutants emitted from the burning of the self-made paper briquettes as household air pollution is recognised as the greatest environmental risk for human. In this study, combustion tests were carried out for paper briquettes made in one Pacific island and three commercial fuels in Australia including wood briquettes, kindling firewood and coal briquettes in order to: 1) characterise the emissions of three criteria air pollutants including particulate matters, CO and NO{sub x} including their emission factors (EF) from the tested fuels; and 2) compare the EFs among the tested fuels and with others reported in the literature. The results showed that waste paper briquettes burned quickly and generated high temperature but the heat value is relatively low. Paper briquettes and coal briquettes produced higher CO concentration than the others while paper briquettes generated the highest NO{sub x} level. Only PM{sub 2.5} concentration emitted from paper briquettes was similar to kindling firewood and lower than wood briquettes. Burning of paper briquettes and wood briquettes produced particulate matter with large average count median diameter (72 and 68 nm) than coal briquette and kindling firewood (45 and 51 nm). The EFs for CO, NO{sub x} and PM{sub 2.5} of paper briquettes were within the range of EFs reported in this study as well as in the literature. Overall, the results suggested that using paper briquettes as fuel for domestic heating will not likely to generate higher level of three major air pollutants compared to other traditional fuels.
Very low-resolution residential load disaggregation with unsupervised graph signal processing
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Towards more effective behavioural energy policy: An integrative modelling approach to residential energy consumption in Europe
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Will Consumers Really Pay for Green Electricity? Comparing Stated and Revealed Preferences for Residential Programs in the United States
Public support is growing for policy initiatives to spur a transition from a fossil to renewable energy portfolio in the electricity sector. Some utilities in the United States offer programs that allow consumers to voluntarily pay premiums (0.1-7.0 cents/kWh) for electricity from renewable sources. However, it is unclear whether public support translates to paying for green electricity if given the option. Our analysis employs data from two national, longitudinal surveys on energy attitudes and willingness to pay for renewables to investigate whether environmental concerns and stated preferences for renewable energy translate to consumer behavior as measured through ratepayer participation in voluntary utility renewable energy programs known as utility green pricing. We find higher green pricing program participation rates in areas where consumers have stronger feelings about the environmental impacts of energy. Consumers in high-participation areas also have a higher stated willingness to pay for renewable energy, on average, than consumers in low-participation areas. We also find income, homeownership, and home value explain some of the difference between high- and low-participation programs. Further, program participation is lower in areas where utilities charge higher green pricing program premiums. These findings suggest that green power programs - such as utility green pricing - offer a market-based mechanism for consumers to realize their desire to purchase renewable energy. Policymakers may use these results to support further expansion of green power programs in areas where customers currently lack accessible and affordable options to act on their environmental beliefs and concerns.