Revision to SCALE Procedure for Verified, Archived Library of Inputs and Data (VALID)
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Greene, Travis↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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High-speed silicon microresonator modulators with high optical modulation amplitude (OMA) at input powers >10 mW
A high-speed silicon photonic microdisc modulator is used with more than 10 mW optical power in the bus waveguide, extending the optical power handling regime used with compact silicon resonant modulators at 1550 nm. We present an experimental study of the wavelength tuning range and biasing path required to shift the resonant frequency to the optimal point versus on chip power. We measure the optical modulation amplitude (OMA) along different biasing trajectories of the microdisc under active modulation and demonstrate an OMA of 4.1 mW with 13.5 mW optical power in the bus waveguide at 20 Gbit/s non-return to zero (NRZ) data modulation.
Wang, Xiaoxi↗
Associative nitrogen fixation (ANF) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) across a nitrogen input gradient
Not Available
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Washington Play Fairway Analysis - Poly 3D Matlab Fault Modeling Scripts with Input Data to Create Permeability Potential Models
Matlab scripts and functions and data used to build Poly3D models and create permeability potential layers for 1) St. Helens Shear Zone, 2) Wind River Valley, and 3) Mount Baker geothermal prospect areas located in Washington state.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Uptake and speciation of trace metal inputs to Wetland Soils from Illinois and South Carolina and Stream Sediments from Tennessee
Metals occur in all ecosystems, although their concentrations vary depending on their natural geologic conditions and surrounding human activities. In addition to metals intrinsically present from the geology of a particular system, metals can enter environmental systems from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources, such as sediment re-suspension, mining operations, industrial processes, agricultural activities, and atmospheric deposition. While metals can be toxic at high concentrations, some metals serve as essential micronutrients for biogeochemical processes. Metal transport and availability in engineered and natural water systems depend on processes of adsorption/desorption, oxidation/reduction, dissolution/precipitation, and ligand complexation. Insights into the speciation of metals and their bioavailability will also help advance understanding of the roles of metals in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. We conducted batch experiments under anoxic conditions on soils and sediments collected from three different natural aquatic systems to understand their response to influxes of dissolved Cu, Ni and Zn. While soils and sediments from all sites could strongly bind added trace metals, there were substantial differences in trace metal uptake trends between different sites, especially for Cu. There was no distinct correlation between trace metal uptake and the total organic matter, iron, and sulfur content present in the samples. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the speciation of the freshly added metals taken up by the solids differs substantially from the speciation of the metals originally present in unamended samples. Cu sulfides dominated speciation at low loadings (1 µmol/g), whereas complexation to thiol groups and formation of metallic Cu governed speciation at high loadings (10 µmol/g). For Ni and Zn, adsorption to mineral surfaces and organic matter governed their speciation in materials from most sites. This study suggests that the background speciation of metals in natural aquatic systems is a poor predictor of the speciation and lability of metals introduced to terrestrial aquatic systems from anthropogenic or natural processes. Our findings imply that geochemical processes controlling trace metal speciation may vary considerably with metal loading in different natural systems. Data are provided for marsh wetland soils at Argonne National Laboratory (Marsh 1 and Marsh 2), riparian wetland soils (Riparian 1 and Riparian 2) in the Tims Branch watershed at Savannah River National Laboratory, and stream bed sediments (Stream 1 and Stream 2) from East Fork Poplar Creek near Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Data package includes the results of trace metal uptake experiments conducted on the selected sites for determining their capacity to immobilize metals under different loadings. XANES spectra for Cu, Ni, ad Zn at different loadings are included in the package. The abundance of different trace metal species obtained using linear combination fitting in ATHENA are also included in the data.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Carbon Organisms Rhizosphere and Protection in Soil Environment model script and input data for soil moisture-respiration responses in tropical forests
Objectives: Climatic drying is predicted for many tropical forests, yet models remain poorly parameterized for tropical forests, hampering predictions of forest-climate feedbacks. We applied an integrated model–experiment approach, parameterizing an ecosystem model Carbon Organisms Rhizosphere and Protection in the Soil Environment (CORPSE) with tropical forest observational data, and comparing model predictions with a field drying manipulation. We hypothesized that drying would suppress soil CO2 fluxes (i.e., respiration) in already-drier tropical forests, but increases CO2 fluxes in wetter tropical forests by alleviating anaerobiosis. We measured soil CO2 fluxes, soil moisture, soil temperature, and forest floor biomass during wet-dry cycles (2015 – 2022) in four Panamanian forests that vary in rainfall and soil fertility. We used the field data to parameterize and run tests in the model.Results: Measured CO2 fluxes declined in the dry season and peaked in the early wet season ahead of peak soil moisture, resulting in a lower soil moisture optimum for respiration than previously modeled. We used this data to parameterize the model, which then predicted increased soil CO2 fluxes in wetter and fertile forests with drying, and decreased fluxes in drier, infertile forests. In contrast to model predictions, a chronic throughfall exclusion experiment in the forests initially suppressed soil CO2 fluxes across forests, with sustained suppression after four years in the wettest forest only (-28 ± 4% during the dry season), but elevated soil CO2 fluxes in a fertile forest after four years (+75 ± 28% during the late wet season), as predicted by the model. The unexpected negative drying effect in the wettest, most infertile forest could have resulted from reduced vertical flushing of nutrients into soils. Including hydro-nutrient interactions in ecosystem models could improve predictions of tropical forest-climate feedbacks (results presented in Cusack et al. 2023). Datasets included: Code files:CORPSE_array.py: Defines the equations of the CORPSE modelCORPSE_solvers: Functions for running the CORPSE model using either iterative or ordinary differential equation (ODE) solversrun_Panama_sims.py: Read in datasets and run the model simulations for this studyInput data:PanamaGradientEcosystemChem_BT_CPools_20152016CO2_DC_20190615.xlsx: Plot characteristics used in running model simulationsLiCor compiled surface flux only to 2020_03 DC_20200825.xlsx: Surface gas exchange fluxes used in model-data comparisonsPARCHED litterfall data for Ben Sulman LD 20200902.xlsx: Litterfall data used to drive model simulationsInitialization data:state_500y_20190823.csv: Initial state of model pools based on previous spinup runsOutput data:Outputs/prev_moisture_response.csv: Simulations of multiple sites using original model moisture response function.Outputs/updated_moisture_response.csv: Simulations of multiple sites using updated model moisture response function.Outputs/dry15_prev_moisture_response.csv: Simulations with soil moisture reduced by 15%, using original moisture response function.Outputs/dry15_updated_moisture_response.csv: Simulations with soil moisture reduced by 15%, using updated moisture response function.Outputs/dry30_prev_moisture_response.csv: Simulations with soil moisture reduced by 30%, using original moisture response function.Outputs/dry30_updated_moisture_response.csv: Simulations with soil moisture reduced by 30%, using updated moisture response function.Outputs/latestart_prev_moisture_response.csv: Simulations with extended dry season, using original moisture response function.Outputs/latestart_updated_moisture_response.csv: Simulations with extended dry season, using updated moisture response function.Outputs/[site name]_oneyear.csv: One-year simulation for each site in expanded site list using original moisture response function.Outputs/[site name]_oneyear_dried.csv: One-year simulation for each site in expanded site list using original moisture response function, with soil moisture reduced by 25%.Outputs/[site name]_oneyear_updated_moisture_response.csv: One-year simulation for each site in expanded site list using updated moisture response function.Outputs/[site name]_oneyear_updated_moisture_response_dried.csv: One-year simulation for each site in expanded site list using updated moisture response function, with soil moisture reduced by 25%.Field plot location data:There is also a .kml file that includes coordinates for all 32 plots included in the study of four forests (n = 4 throughfall reduction and n = 4 control plots per site).
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Land and Water Use Characteristics and Human Health Input Parameters for use in Environmental Dosimetry and Risk Assessments at the Savannah River Site. 2016 Update
Operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) result in releases of small amounts of radioactive materials to the atmosphere and to the Savannah River. For regulatory compliance purposes, potential offsite radiological doses are estimated annually using computer models that follow U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulatory guides. Within the regulatory guides, default values are provided for many of the dose model parameters, but the use of applicant site-specific values is encouraged. Detailed surveys of land-use and water-use parameters were conducted in 1991 and 2010. They are being updated in this report. These parameters include local characteristics of meat, milk and vegetable production; river recreational activities; and meat, milk and vegetable consumption rates, as well as other human usage parameters required in the SRS dosimetry models. In addition, the preferred elemental bioaccumulation factors and transfer factors (to be used in human health exposure calculations at SRS) are documented. The intent of this report is to establish a standardized source for these parameters that is up to date with existing data, and that is maintained via review of future-issued national references (to evaluate the need for changes as new information is released). These reviews will continue to be added to this document by revision.
61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
MPACT Standard Input User s Manual, Version 2.2.0
The MPACT (Michigan PArallel Charactistics based Transport) code is designed to perform high-fidelity light water reactor (LWR) analysis using whole-core pin-resolved neutron transport calculations on modern parallel-computing hardware. The code consists of several libraries which provide the functionality necessary to solve steady-state eigenvalue problems. Several transport capabilities are available within MPACT including both 2-D and 3-D Method of Characteristics (MOC). A three-dimensional whole core solution based on the 2D-1D solution method provides the capability for full core depletion calculations.
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
MPACT VERA Input User s Manual, Version 2.2.0
The MPACT (Michigan PArallel Charactistics based Transport) code is designed to perform high-fidelity light water reactor (LWR) analysis using whole-core pin-resolved neutron transport calculations on modern parallel-computing hardware. The code consists of several libraries which provide the functionality necessary to solve steady-state eigenvalue problems. Several transport capabilities are available within MPACT including both 2-D and 3-D Method of Characteristics (MOC). A three-dimensional whole core solution based on the 2D-1D solution method provides the capability for full core depletion calculations.
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
Error Analysis of CM Data Products Input Distributions
This goal of this project is to address the current inability to assess the overall error and uncertainty of data products developed and distributed by DOE’s Consequence Management (CM) Program.
96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
Land and Water Use Characteristics and Human Health Input Parameters for use in Environmental Dosimetry and Risk Assessments at the Savannah River Site 2017 Update
Operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) result in releases of relatively small amounts of radioactive materials to the atmosphere and to the Savannah River. For regulatory compliance purposes, potential offsite radiological doses are estimated annually using computer models that follow U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulatory guides. Within the regulatory guides, default values are provided for many of the dose model parameters, but the use of site-specific values is encouraged. Detailed surveys of land-use and water-use parameters were conducted in 1991, 2008, 2010, and 2016 and are being concurred with or updated in this report. These parameters include local characteristics of meat, milk, and vegetable production; river recreational activities; and meat, milk, and vegetable consumption rates, as well as other human usage parameters required in the SRS dosimetry models. In addition, the preferred elemental bioaccumulation factors and transfer factors (to be used in human health exposure calculations at SRS) are documented. The intent of this report is to establish a standardized source for these parameters that is up to date with existing data, and that is maintained via review of future-issued national references (to evaluate the need for changes as new information is released). These reviews will continue to be added to this document by revision.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Updates to the Generation of Physics Data Inputs for MAMMOTH Simulations of the Transient Reactor Test Facility - FY2016
The INL is currently evolving the modeling and simulation (M&S) capability that will enable improved core operation as well as design and analysis of TREAT experiments. This M&S capability primarily uses MAMMOTH, a reactor physics application being developed under Multi-physics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework. MAMMOTH allows the coupling of a number of other MOOSE-based applications. This second year of work has been devoted to the generation of a deterministic reference solution for the full core, the preparation of anisotropic diffusion coefficients, the testing of the SPH equivalence method, and the improvement of the control rod modeling. In addition, this report includes the progress made in the modeling of the M8 core configuration and experiment vehicle since January of this year.
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
Zr Extrusion – Direct Input for Models & Validation
As we examine differences in the high strain rate, high strain tensile response of high purity, highly textured Zr as a function of loading direction, temperature and extrusion velocity with primarily post mortem characterization techniques, we have also developed a technique for characterizing the in-situ extrusion process. This particular measurement is useful for partitioning energy of the system during the extrusion process: friction, kinetic energy, and temperature
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
User input validation and test driven development in NJOY21
No abstract provided.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
A High Power CW Input Coupler with Reduced Static and Dynamic Losses
Each niobium cavity employed in superconducting accelerators requires a power coupler that supplies it with up to hundreds of kW’s of CW RF power, which is delivered to the 2K or 4K cold cavity from a Room Temperature (RT) source. Coupler design is a challenging task. It should transmit the minimum possible thermal power flow to the cavity, because a single watt at 2K requires 1 kW of cryogenic system power to remove it. Since the coupler connects the cold cavity to a Room Temperature (RT) power source, it transmits a static thermal load due to its thermal conductivity. Also, the coupler experiences heating by RF fields. This dissipated power partially penetrates to the 2K zone, and is called a dynamic load. From one point of view, the coupler should have low thermal conductivity, in order to decrease the static load. Stainless steel (SS) is usually used for that reason, but it also has low electrical conductivity, which introduces a high dynamic load. Copper plating on the SS is required to improve the electrical conductivity, but it is not reliable and often flakes. One copper flake might cause an electrical discharge and contaminate the surface of the niobium cavity, thus spoiling its Q-factor. In that case, decommissioning of the entire cryomodule is required to restore the cavity Q-factor, which means it is a tremendously expensive procedure. That is why an improved reliability coupler is of very high interest. As a result, the main idea of the proposed project is to completely eliminate the unreliable copper plating by employing solid copper shields to screen the SS pipe from RF fields.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
LLE-Annual report input
In FY18, an LLNL/GA/Michigan University team carried out the project “Exploring pair plasmas and their applications” with 2 LBS shot days on OMEGA EP. The campaign used an EP short pulse beam to produce jets of electron-positron antimatter pairs while the 2nd short pulse beam was used to producing protons to diagnose the laser-target interactions. The experiments focused on 1) inhensing the pair yield using nano-structure targets and 2) collimating/focusing positron jets through curved sheath potential from shaped target surface. The experiments successfully demonstrated both the yield enhensement and the positron focusing. The data provided basis futrue experiments on labortary astrophysics using the pair jet – plasma interaction to drive beam instabilities. A total of 14 shots were performed in the fiscal year. The EP short pulse beams (~1 kJ in 10 ps) irradiated targets of 1 mm thick Au targets, with and without the nano-structure on the laser interaction surface. It was found that for the same laser energy, positron yields and acceleration both were increased dramatically by using nano-structure. This finding is important to the future experiments and applications using laser pair jets. Previous experiments used gold targets almost exclusively. It was also found that a hemispherical shaped backsurface can focuing the positron jets through the sheath field – like that observed in proton focusing. This observation is important as it demonstrated that higher pair density can be achieved by reducing their volume, which may enable the development of instablities predicted by theory. The prior experiments showed that quasi-monoenergetic relativistic positron jets are formed during high-intensity irradiation of thick gold targets, and that these jets can be strongly collimated using the magnetized-inertial fusion electrical delivery system (MIFEDS). The external field produces a 40-fold increase in the peak positron and electron signal [4]. The positron yield was found to scale as the square of the laser energy. The FY15 results revealed another dimension of scaling on the target materials. The favorable scaling would enable the laboratory study of relativistic pair plasmas that are important to understanding some of the most exotic and energetic systems in the universe.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗