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At least 955 records · Page 53

NVBL (National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory) Molecular Therapeutics

This virtual symposium was held to highlight the impact the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (NVBL) has had utilizing the unique capabilities of the DOE to tackle the science and technology challenges associated with COVID-19, and to discuss areas in which the NVBL can have impact in the future. With perspectives from Chris Fall, Director, Office of Science, DOE, and William A. Bookless, Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, the event featured Presentations from lead investigators reporting progress in: Epidemiological modeling, Therapeutics, Testing, Understanding transport of the virus, and Solving issues around supply chain challenges. In addition, keynote speakers from outside the NVBL discussed the upcoming science and technology needs in computing, testing and surveillance, and vaccines. The event was aimed at the S&T community, media, and general public.

Head, Martha (Marti)↗

NVBL (National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory): Pandemic Monitoring and Modeling

This virtual symposium was held to highlight the impact the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (NVBL) has had utilizing the unique capabilities of the DOE to tackle the science and technology challenges associated with COVID-19, and to discuss areas in which the NVBL can have impact in the future. With perspectives from Chris Fall, Director, Office of Science, DOE, and William A. Bookless, Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, the event featured Presentations from lead investigators reporting progress in: Epidemiological modeling, Therapeutics, Testing, Understanding transport of the virus, and Solving issues around supply chain challenges. In addition, keynote speakers from outside the NVBL discussed the upcoming science and technology needs in computing, testing and surveillance, and vaccines. The event was aimed at the S&T community, media, and general public.

Bhaduri, Budhu↗

Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics: RADx (Tech + ATP)

This virtual symposium was held to highlight the impact the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (NVBL) has had utilizing the unique capabilities of the DOE to tackle the science and technology challenges associated with COVID-19, and to discuss areas in which the NVBL can have impact in the future. With perspectives from Chris Fall, Director, Office of Science, DOE, and William A. Bookless, Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, the event featured Presentations from lead investigators reporting progress in: Epidemiological modeling, Therapeutics, Testing, Understanding transport of the virus, and Solving issues around supply chain challenges. In addition, keynote speakers from outside the NVBL discussed the upcoming science and technology needs in computing, testing and surveillance, and vaccines. The event was aimed at the S&T community, media, and general public.

Tromberg, Bruce J.↗

Computing and AI for Pandemic Response: Looking Forward

This virtual symposium was held to highlight the impact the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (NVBL) has had utilizing the unique capabilities of the DOE to tackle the science and technology challenges associated with COVID-19, and to discuss areas in which the NVBL can have impact in the future. With perspectives from Chris Fall, Director, Office of Science, DOE, and William A. Bookless, Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, the event featured Presentations from lead investigators reporting progress in: Epidemiological modeling, Therapeutics, Testing, Understanding transport of the virus, and Solving issues around supply chain challenges. In addition, keynote speakers from outside the NVBL discussed the upcoming science and technology needs in computing, testing and surveillance, and vaccines. The event was aimed at the S&T community, media, and general public.

Brase, James M.↗

NVBL (National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory) Symposium Closing Remarks

This virtual symposium was held to highlight the impact the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (NVBL) has had utilizing the unique capabilities of the DOE to tackle the science and technology challenges associated with COVID-19, and to discuss areas in which the NVBL can have impact in the future. With perspectives from Chris Fall, Director, Office of Science, DOE, and William A. Bookless, Principal Deputy Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, the event featured Presentations from lead investigators reporting progress in: Epidemiological modeling, Therapeutics, Testing, Understanding transport of the virus, and Solving issues around supply chain challenges. In addition, keynote speakers from outside the NVBL discussed the upcoming science and technology needs in computing, testing and surveillance, and vaccines. The event was aimed at the S&T community, media, and general public.

Kung, Harriet↗

New Mexico Cybersecurity Center Institute 2020 Experience

The New Mexico Cybersecurity Center 2020 Summer Institute with Sandia National Laboratories was the rst ever for the New Mexico Cybersecurity Centers. Due to the occurrence of the COVID-19 global pandemic during the summer of 2020 some unforeseen challenges had to be faced in running the institute, such as the fact that all students had to work remotely. This document details the students involved in the institute and their contributions to Sandia projects over the summer of 2020, as well as an analysis on how to successfully run a summer institute via distance.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

2020 Annual Merit Review, Vehicle Technologies Office

The 2020 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s (EERE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) Annual Merit Review (AMR) was held June 1-4, 2020, virtually, due to extenuating circumstances resulting from the global Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The review encompassed work done by VTO: 292 individual activities were reviewed by 334 reviewers. Exactly 1,133 individual review responses were received for the VTO technical reviews. The objective of the meeting was to review the accomplishments and plans for VTO over the previous 12 months, and provide an opportunity for industry, government, and academia to give inputs to DOE with a structured and formal methodology. The meeting also provided attendees with a virtual forum for interaction and technology information transfer.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

Q4FY20 Quarterly Report. LL20-AM-sensor

Tardigrade is an effort to create tunable thermal expansion materials for use in a ruggedized lens housing. This requires new computational algorithms to model and predict thermal performance of meta-materials composed of multiple structured base materials and void-space, along with matching and developing 3D print technology to demonstrate the housing. Project is 13 months into the 30 month on complete project plan. We are continuing effort on 3 main technical thrusts: algorithm development, multi-material additive manufacturing process exploration, and sensor/optics design and engineering. In FY20 we underspent the initial budget, partly due to work restrictions from Covid-19 pandemic, but are working to make up lost time

42 ENGINEERING↗

Physical Sciences Vistas (Issue 3 2020)

In this issue, highlights of our outstanding R&D supporting the Laboratory’s nuclear security mission include the following. 1. The essential nuclear materials science contributions of MST’s Materials Properties Team to a range of Lab missions, operations, and initiatives. 2. Work in the Sigma Complex supporting NNSA’s Advanced Manufacturing Development milestones by members of Sigma Division and colleagues across the Laboratory and other NNSA sites. 3. Greg Dale’s role in the Lab’s molybdenum program and today as a technical lead on the Scorpius project. 4. Measurements that reveal the role thermal interfaces play in dynamic compression experiments. 5. The first-ever synthesis of an actinide framework, which offers opportunities for understanding these structures as potential radioactive waste forms and provides new models of actinide species transport in the environment. This issue also showcases, as part of our commitment to simultaneous excellence in mission operations and community relations, the successful high-hazard repair of the LANSCE accelerator, which resulted in a large team Laboratory Distinguished Performance Award, and a virtual Summer Physics Camp for Young Women that brought together participants from around the world, even as COVID kept them socially distant in their homes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Rethinking U.S. Biosecurity Strategy for the Decade Ahead (Workshop Summary)

The Center for Global Security Research (CGSR) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) hosted a workshop titled, “Rethinking U.S. Biosecurity Strategy for the Decade Ahead” on October 27-29, 2020. The workshop included participants from the policy, military, and technical communities in the United States as well as from U.S. allies. The workshop, convened virtually due to the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, was a close collaboration between CGSR and the Physical Life Sciences (PLS) Directorate at LLNL. While the scope of conference extended beyond current circumstances to include precedents and predictions for both public health and bioweapons, contemporary events weighed heavily on the discussion participants.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Enabling Efficiencies > 22.5% with Metal Oxide Passivating Contacts using Low-Cost Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (Final Technical Report)

In this project, the University of Central Florida (UCF) worked to both increase module efficiency and reduce manufacturing cost by driving demonstrated lab-scale passivating contact technology using materials and processes compatible with high-volume manufacturing for crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) cells. Passivating contacts have garnered significant attention in recent years. They provide a means of suppressing contact recombination, a loss mechanism that limits the performance of industrially relevant cell architectures like Al back surface field (Al-BSF) cells and passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC). Most of the development of passivating contact technology has focused on the use of doped amorphous silicon or doped polysilicon contacts, but both suffer from parasitic optical absorption amongst other issues. Our team developed fully transparent hole-selective heterojunctions, deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and showed how they could be incorporated into c-Si PV cells. The team conducted experiments to understand the process-structure-property relationship of hole-selective oxides, surface passivation oxide materials, and transparent conductive oxides deposited by ALD, and use that understanding to reduce contact recombination, contact resistivity, and parasitic optical absorption within c-Si PV cells. Before getting into the details of the report, we would like to note that COVID-19 has made it more challenging to conduct experimental research at UCF. UCF has a number of mandatory policies in place to ensure social distancing, testing, and contact tracing are all carried out in day-to-day operations. Despite these challenges, we worked diligently to make progress on this project in a manner that was as safe as possible. Over the course of the project, the UCF team and its collaborators have made the following discoveries and developments.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Preshot Report for the NIF DDCyl Campaign: H_Hyd_DDCyl_DRT_AAA/BBB/CCC

The first two cylinder shot days on the National Ignition Facility, allocated through the Discovery Science program, provided a successful demonstration of the cylinder platform on the NIF. Both of these shot days used cylinders that were nominally 3 times larger in radial dimension than cylinders fielded at the OMEGA laser facility, here referred to as scale-3 targets. In the first Discovery Science shot day, we demonstrated that Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth during the deceleration phase is scale-invariant between the scale-1 OMEGA experiments and similarly tailored scale-3 NIF experiments at the same convergence ratio of CR=initial radius/final radius=2.25. In the second Discovery Science shot day, we increased the convergence ratio by lowering the density of the central foam from 300 mg/cm 3 to roughly 40 mg/cm 3 with the same laser drive, resulting in a higher CR=5 at the time when the rebounding shock strikes the aluminum marker. We also greatly improved the imaging setup for the second shot day, resulting in much higher quality (greater signal-to-noise) radiographs of the implosion. This current shot day was awarded through the High Energy Density (HED) Council, following this demonstration of platform viability. It was originally scheduled for June 2020, but it was postponed several times due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is currently scheduled for January 6, 2021. For this shot day, we will increase the radial dimension of the cylinder to four times the OMEGA-scale targets, and these will be referred to as scale-4 cylinders. Increasing the radial dimension of the target is advantageous as we push these targets to higher convergence ratio. By starting with an initially larger target, the target can push to a higher CR while maintaining the same final viewing area. Other than the larger radial dimension, the targets are very similar in design to the previous ones, consisting of an epoxy ablator, an embedded aluminum marker layer, and a low density central CH foam. These will also use a 40 mg/cm3 CH foam, reaching a CR~4.5 with the same laser energy (the added target mass reduces the final CR slightly). Note that this is NOT designed to be scale-invariant with the previous scale-1 OMEGA and scale-3 NIF shots. It was determined that the laser energy required to achieve a scale-invariant implosion was above the allowable optics damage limits (though achievable on the NIF) for these scale-4 targets.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

The 2020 Low Energy Gold Run in the Injectors

During Run 20 the injectors provided Gold to RHIC at four different energies (3.85, 4.59, 5.75, and 7.3 GeV). The majority of the run was spent providing 4.59 and 5.75 GeV beams. The RHIC physics program using 5.75 GeV beam took place from Dec. 10, 2019 to Feb. 24, 2020, although there was a period of about 2 weeks (Jan. 27 th to Feb. 10 th ) where 7.3 and 4.59 GeV were used. The 4.59 GeV program took place from Feb. 24. 2020 to Sept.1 2020. Data taking for the 4.59 GeV program was interrupted by the COVID-19 shutdown which lasted about 3 months, from Mar. 20 to June 21. So, the 5.75 GeV program was about 2 months long and the 4.59 GeV program was about 3 months long. There were also other short periods where 7.3 GeV beam was provided to RHIC for CeC development and fixed target data taking. 3.85 GeV beam was also provided near the end of the run in preparation for next year (Sept. 2-11).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

E-PiPEline: Quick to Market Face Coverings and Face Shields Using Commonly Available Materials

The Center for Disease Control has recommended that the public should wear cloth face coverings in public settings. Face coverings and face shields can be made by using Commonly Available Materials (CAMs). As part of the Sandia COVID-19 LDRD effort (funded under the Materials Science Investment Area), the Sandia E-PiPEline task evaluated design options for face coverings and face shields considering their effectiveness, durability, build difficulty, build cost, and comfort. Observations from this investigation are presented here to provide guidelines for home construction of face coverings and face shields. This executive summary includes a brief roadmap of the analysis methodology, two one-page handouts geared to be distributed to the public at large (one for face coverings and one for face shields), and additional observations regarding potential solutions for face coverings and face shields included to further support the one-page handouts.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Deactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Boronic Acid-Functionalized Polymer

Boronic acid-modified polymers (BAMPs) can interact with glycoproteins and other glycosylated compounds through covalent binding of the boronic acid moieties to saccharide residues. As a first step toward evaluating the utility of BAMPs as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents, this COVID-19 rapid response LDRD was intended to examine the effect of BAMPs on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its subsequent binding with ACE2 receptor protein. Multiple different approaches were attempted in order to determine whether BAMPs based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ethylenimine) bind the spike protein, but failed to produce a definitive answer. However, two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays clearly showed no discernable effect of boronic acid in inhibiting spike-ACE2 binding.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Telecommuting Best Practices

Telecommuting at Sandia and within the Federal workforce has been optional for years. With the COVID-19 crisis, social distancing makes this a necessity that may be with us for some weeks and even months to come. All of us - whether new to telecommuting or an experienced remote worker - are challenged with how to efficiently and effectively adapt to this new work environment, while maintaining work-life balance to adequately care for ourselves and loved ones.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Self-Disinfecting PPE Fabric [Factsheet]

Green Theme Technologies Inc. developed a chemical finishing technology that uses a high pressure, water-free, thermally triggered polymerization process to produce a thin conformal polymer coating around fabric fibers. This process can be used to embed selective, disinfectant chemicals to provide an anti-microbial, anti-viral finish to fabrics. In the face of COVID-19, the company hopes this process produces a permanent, laundry-durable, anti-pathogenic finish. Essentially, creating regenerative and reusable PPE.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

The Wonders of Physics -- Public Outreach (Final Technical Report)

The mission of The Wonders of Physics (TWoP) outreach program is to generate interest in physics among people of all ages and backgrounds. The objective is to generate interest in physics, increase appreciation for the significance of physics in our lives, and encourage children to consider careers in science and plasma physics. The primary means for achieving that objective is to make entertaining presentations to audiences that would not normally be motivated to attend a lecture on physics or plasmas, while at the same time introducing some of the fundamental concepts and applications. During this reporting period, the students Michael Hall, Megan Tabbutt and Connor Sullivan, Director of Communications Sarah Perdue, Director of Undergraduate Program Jim Reardon, and Senior Information Processing Consultant Paul Wilhite worked to make outreach programs a success and prepare for the future of The Wonders of Physics, which will continue. Because of the curtailment of public events due to Covid-19, there will not be an in person Annual Show or Physics Fair in 2021, but a video competition has already been announced and planning continues for The Wonders of Physics in 2022 and beyond. The annual shows and Physics Fair are scheduled for February 12-13 and February 19-20, 2022. These continue to be our premier outreach events, engaging diverse audiences in real hands-on science. Further shows and exploration stations are planned.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗