Turbulence and eddy coefficients deduced from vapor trails.
Eddy coefficients for diffusion and turbulence parameters for dispersion of vapor clouds in lower thermosphere from vapor trail evidence
TURBULENCE EFFECT↗
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Results for “vapor”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Vapor feeding of liquid metal cathodes
Modified liquid metal cathode apparatus permits vapor feeding in the diffuse-spot pattern mode. Vapor-fed cathode has advantages over liquid-fed systems.
Eckhardt, W. O.↗
Cycled operation of water vapor electrolysis cell Annual report, 1 Jan. - 31 Dec. 1969
Mathematical model of heat, mass, and momentum relationships in cyclic operation of water vapor electrolytic cell, and equilibrium conditions between gel matrix and vapor
Bloom, A. M.↗
Observation of Raman scattering by water vapor in the atmosphere
Raman backscatter of frequency doubled ruby laser beam by water vapor in atmosphere observed by optical radar, calculating water vapor mixing ratio profile
Lawrence, J. D., Jr.↗
Thermodynamics of vaporization of GeF2, SnF2 and PbF2 and bond dissociation energies of group IVA fluorides
Group 4A difluorides vaporization thermodynamics and bond dissociation energies, tabulating mass spectra, vapor composition, reaction enthalpies, heats of polymerization and thermodynamic functions
Hastie, J. W.↗
Mass-spectrometric study of the laser-induced vaporization of compounds of bismuth with the elements of group VIA
Laser induced vaporization of Bi compounds with group VIa elements, analyzing vapor species, condensed phase and molecular configurations by mass spectroscopy
Ban, V. S.↗
Vapor liquid separator Patent
Vapor-liquid separator design with vapor driven pump for separated liquid pumping for application in propellant transfer
Ward, W. D.↗
Three stage potassium vapor turbine test
Three-stage potassium vapor turbine test to determine effects of vapor wetness on impingement damage of different rotor blade materials
Moor, B. L.↗
Boiler for generating high quality vapor
Boiler supplies vapor for use in turbines by imparting a high angular velocity to the liquid annulus in heated rotating drum. Drum boiler provides a sharp interface between boiling liquid and vapor, thereby, inhibiting the formation of unwanted liquid droplets.
Gray, V. H.↗
Cell for electrolysis of water vapor
Electrolytic cells regenerate oxygen from the water vapor in the air of closed-loop life-support system and remove water vapor from air circulated through them. Water is converted into oxygen and hydrogen; the oxygen is returned to the air, the hydrogen is vented or used elsewhere.
Celino, V. A.↗
Design and test of porous-tungsten mercury vaporizers
New design requirements for porous plug-type vaporizers used with Kaufman thrusters and thruster arrays are discussed. The results of testing samples of porous tungsten for mercury flow rate, liquid intrusion pressure level, and mechanical strength are presented. Nitrogen gas was used instead of mercury vapor for approximate calibration. Liquid intrusion pressure levels will require that flight thruster systems with long feedlines have restrictions in the dynamic line during launch.
Kerslake, W. R.↗
Potassium permanganate for mercury vapor environmental control
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was evaluated for application in removing mercury vapor from exhaust air systems. The KMnO4 may be used in water solution with a liquid spray scrubber system or as a solid adsorber bed material when impregnated onto a zeolite. Air samples contaminated with as much as 112 mg/cu m of mercury were scrubbed to 0.06mg/cum with the KMnO4-impregnated zeolite (molecular sieve material). The water spray solution of permanganate was also found to be as effective as the impregnated zeolite. The KMnO4-impregnated zeolite was applied as a solid adsorber material to (1) a hardware decontamination system, (2) a model incinerator, and (3) a high vacuum chamber for ion engine testing with mercury as the propellant. A liquid scrubber system was also applied in an incinerator system. Based on the results of these experiments, it is concluded that the use of KMnO4 can be an effective method for controlling noxious mercury vapor.
Kuivinen, D. E.↗
Water vapor - Stratospheric injection by thunderstorms.
Infrared radiometric inference measurements of the mass of water vapor injected into the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere by a number of plains thunderstorms show an average threefold increase over the fair weather background mass of water vapor. These airborne measurements, made from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Convair 990 jet laboratory, extended over a sample size much larger than that possible by balloon and other techniques.
Kuhn, P. M.↗
GaAs vapor-grown bipolar transistors.
Discussion of an approach for the fabrication of high-temperature GaAs transistors which is centered on the preparation of n-p-n three-layered structures entirely by a vapor-phase growth technique, as described by Tietjen and Amick (1966). The low growth temperature of approximately 750 C is thought to reduce contamination during crystal growth and to contribute to the reasonably high minority-carrier lifetimes obtained for the vapor-grown p-n junctions. The fact that impurity concentrations and layer thicknesses can be precisely controlled for epitaxial layers as thin as 1 micrometer is an important feature of this growth technique.
Nuese, C. J.↗
Third-harmonic generation in phase-matched Rb vapor.
The generation of 0.3547-micron radiation was performed by tripling 1.064-micron radiation in a phase-matched mixture of rubidium vapor and xenon. A third-harmonic nonlinear susceptibility in Rb vapor is confirmed. It is about 100,000 times greater than that of He. This large susceptibility is due to the large oscillator strengths and resonant enhancements resulting from Rb transitions in the near infrared, visible, and UV.
Young, J. F.↗
The evolution of water vapor in the atmosphere of Venus.
Examination of the feasibility of loss of water vapor from the Venus atmosphere, assuming H2O as the sole initial constituent. A steady-state model is constructed, and the photochemistry establishes the distribution of important products in the upper atmosphere. Calculations of exospheric temperatures yield values as high as 100,000 K. Such large temperatures result from the large abundance of atomic hydrogen in the exosphere, and imply a dynamic outflow of all constituents from the upper region of the atmosphere. Such an outflow would cause the escape of all hydrogen and some of the oxygen resulting from dissociation of H2O. Little loss of CO2 would result, due to its low abundance in the upper region, permitting its accumulation to the present observed value. It is concluded that if Venus formed from the same mix of materials as the earth, much tectonic activity and fairly rapid outgassing must have occurred during the early phase of its history to account for the loss of water vapor.
Smith, L. L.↗
Shock melting and vaporization of metals.
The effect of initial porosity on shock induction of melting and vaporization is investigated for Ba, Sr, Li, Fe, Al, U, and Th. For the less compressible of these metals, it is found that for a given strong shock-generation system (explosive in contact, or flyer-plate impact) an optimum initial specific volume exists such that the total entropy production, and hence the amount of metal liquid or vapor, is a maximum. Initial volumes from 1.4 to 2.0 times crystal volumes, depending on the metal sample and shock-inducing system, will result in optimum post-shock entropies.
Ahrens, T. J.↗
Shock melting and vaporization of lunar rocks and minerals.
The entropy associated with the thermodynamic states produced by hypervelocity meteoroid impacts at various velocities are calculated for a series of lunar rocks and minerals and compared with the entropy values required for melting and vaporization. Taking into account shock-induced phase changes in the silicates, we calculate that iron meteorites impacting at speeds varying from 4 to 6 km/sec will produce shock melting in quartz, plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxene. Although calculated with less certainty, impact speeds required for incipient vaporization vary from 7 to 11 km/sec for the range of minerals going from quartz to periclase for aluminum (silicate-like) projectiles. The impact velocities, which are required to induce melting in a soil, are calculated to be in the range of 3 to 4 km/sec, provided thermal equilibrium is achieved in the shock state.
Ahrens, T. J.↗