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At least 937 records · Page 52
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NASA NTRS1986

HALOE science investigation

The Halogen Occulation Experiment (HALOE) gas response test simulations were completed using the HALOE spectroscopic instrument model. A new series of programs were written for routine repetitive runs of the spectroscopic model to make it more user friendly for certain studies. Some of the limitations of the model were eased for atmospheric studies. Atmospheric signal profiles were calculated for inclusion in the electronic model programs. Analysis of additional spectral bands of CO2 in the 3 micron region was continued. A program of measurement of the air broadened halfwidths of spectral lines in the nu (sub 3) fundamental band of CH4 was started and over 40 lines measured.

Benner, D. C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The asymmetric profile of the H76 alpha line emission from MWC349

MWC349 is an emission-line star found by Merrill, Humason and Burwell (1932). Braes, Habing and Schoenmaker (1972) discovered that it is a strong radio source. The radio emission originates in a massive ionized wind that is expanding with a velocity of about 50 km s(-1). Its continuum spectrum fits well a nu(0.6) power law from the cm wavelengths to the far-IR. Radio recombination line emission from the envelope of MWC349 was first detected by Altenhoff, Strittmatter and Wendker (1981). We have obtained good signal-to-noise ratio, Very Large Array observations of the H76 alpha radio recombination line from the ionized wind of MWC349. Our data reveal that the profile is markedly asymmetric, with a steep rise on the blue side. This asymmetry could be due to non-LTE effects in the formation and transfer of the line or to intrinsic asymmetries in the envelope. Our analysis suggests that most probably the peculiar profile is caused by a non-LTE enhancement of the line emission from the side of the envelope nearer to the observer. This asymmetry has the opposite sense than that observed in optical and IR recombination lines, where a different effect (absorption of the stellar continuum by the gas in the wind between the star and the observer) is known to be dominant, leading to the classic P Cygni profile. We propose that the profiles of the radio recombination lines from ionized stellar winds will have this characteristic shape, while optical and IR recombination lines are characterized by P Cygni-like profiles. Unfortunately, at present the detection of radio recombination lines from ionized stellar winds is only feasible for MWC349 and a few other objects.

Rodriquez, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Monodeuterated methane in the outer Solar System. Part 3: Its abundance on Titan

The 3 nu 2 band of CH3D has been detected in spectra of Titan recorded at 1.6 microns with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) at the 4 m telescope of the Kitt Peak National Observatory (NOAO). We have obtained a value of the CH3D/CH4 mixing ratio of 6.6 (+6.6 or -3.3) x 10 to the -4 from a comparison between the observed Titan spectra and synthetic spectra. This value is approx. 2 times higher than the value measured on Uranus (de Bergh et al. 1986) and approx. 6 times higher than on Jupiter and on Saturn (Courtin et al. 1984; de Bergh et al. 1986). It corresponds to D/H of 1.65 (+1.65 or -0.8) x 10 the -4, nominally 8 times higher than the most commonly accepted value for the protosolar D/H = 2 x 10 to the -5 (Geiss and Reeves 1981). The value we find on Titan for D/H in methane is comparable to the D/H ratio measured in terrestrial H2O.

Debergh, C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Quantitative analysis of the reconstruction performance of interpolants

The analysis presented provides a quantitative measure of the reconstruction or interpolation performance of linear, shift-invariant interpolants. The performance criterion is the mean square error of the difference between the sampled and reconstructed functions. The analysis is applicable to reconstruction algorithms used in image processing and to many types of splines used in numerical analysis and computer graphics. When formulated in the frequency domain, the mean square error clearly separates the contribution of the interpolation method from the contribution of the sampled data. The equations provide a rational basis for selecting an optimal interpolant; that is, one which minimizes the mean square error. The analysis has been applied to a selection of frequently used data splines and reconstruction algorithms: parametric cubic and quintic Hermite splines, exponential and nu splines (including the special case of the cubic spline), parametric cubic convolution, Keys' fourth-order cubic, and a cubic with a discontinuous first derivative. The emphasis in this paper is on the image-dependent case in which no a priori knowledge of the frequency spectrum of the sampled function is assumed.

Lansing, Donald L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Diffuse infrared emission of the galaxy: Large scale properties

A quantitative analysis of Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) data in the galactic plane shows that: about 66% of the power radiated in the 100 micron band comes from the diffuse medium, the other 33% coming from well identified luminous sources. The diffuse emission has almost constant colors throughout the Galaxy, similar to the local cirrus colors. The sources have a much lower 12 micron/25 micron and a much high 60 micron/100 micron emission ratio than the diffuse component, giving a very striking anticorrelation in the color-color diagrams. The separation between one narrow and a second broader component shows that the molecular component does not provide much more than one half of the diffuse emission in the molecular ring: this implies a 4 pi nuI(nu) emissivity at 100 microns for the atomic component of about 2.4 x 10 to the minus 30th watts per H atom, 10 times higher than the emissivity of the molecular component at the same galactocentric radius. The atomic component emissivity measures the interstellar radiation field density. The temperature distribution of the 2 components is discussed comparing IRAS data with measures of the 900 micron emission of the galactic plane, which appears to be dominated by cold dust in the narrow component.

Puget, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of rotational isomers on metal surfaces

Surfaced-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been used to study rotational isomers of succinonitrile and N-methyl-thioacetamide on Cu and Ag surfaces. Both the gauche and trans conformers of succinonitrile are found to chemisorb on the metal surface. The doubly degenerate nu(C-triple bond-N) in the free molecules is removed when succinonitrile adsorbs on copper, which indicates that the two (C-triple bond-N) groups are no longer chemically equivalent. Both conformers are found to coordinate to the copper surface through the pi system of one of the two (C-triple bond-N) groups. In the case of N-methyl-thioacetamide, the population of the cis isomer is greatly increased on Cu and Ag surfaces. This is probably due to surface-induced cis-trans isomerization, in which the predominant trans isomer is converted to the cis isomer.

Loo, B. H.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Monodeuterated methane in the outer solar system. II - Its detection on Uranus at 1.6 microns

The 3 nu 2 band of CH3D has been detected in the spectrum of Uranus recorded with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer at the 4 m Mayall telescope of Kitt Peak National Observatory. A scattering-model atmosphere and spectral synthesis techniques are used to derive a bulk CH3D/CH4 mixing ratio of 3.6 + 3.6 or - 2.8 x 10 to the -4th from these observations that suggests a deuterium enhancement in methane relative to that observed on Jupiter and Saturn.

De Bergh, C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Spectral analysis of linear, shift-invariant interpolants

The use of a spectral analysis technique to evaluate the reconstruction/interpolation performance of linear, shift-invariant interpolants is examined. The technique was utilized to measure the performance of cubic hermite, quintic hermite, exponential, cubic, spline, Nu, PCC, Keys cubic, and BAWA cubic interpolants. The performance criterion is based upon the mean square error of the difference between the sampled and reconstructed functions. The reconstruction properties, interpolation functions, and reconstruction filters for the interpolants are studied and compared. It is noted that the spectral analysis technique is applicable to reconstruction algorithms used in signal and image processes, and interpolants used in numerical analysis, computer-aided design, and computer graphics.

Lansing, Donald L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

An ab initio study on (C5H5V)2C8H8

The bonding in the organometalic compound nu-(eta exp 5-(cyclooctatetraene) bis (eta exp 2 cyclopentadienyl) vanadium) involves a complex mixture of metal-metal and metal-ligand contributions. Although there is a direct V-V 3d interaction it is not as strong as a double bond with some triple bond character as has been suggested based upon experiment. The balance between metal-metal and metal-ligand bonding results in the appearance of a low-lying triplet state which retains the V-V 3d bonding. A small singlet-triplet separation is consistent with the change in magnetic properties with temperature.

Luthi, Hans P.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Nonaxisymmetric viscous lower branch modes in axisymmetric supersonic flows

In a previous paper, the weakly nonlinear interaction of a pair of axisymmetric lower branch Tollmien-Schlichting instabilities in cylindrical supersonic flows was considered. Here the possibility that nonaxisymmetric modes might also exist is investigated. In fact, it is found that such modes do exist and, on the basis of linear theory, it appears that these modes are the most important. The nonaxisymmetric modes are found to exist for flows around cylinders with nondimensional radius alpha less than some critical value alpha sub c. This critical value alpha sub c is found to increase monotonically with the azimuthal wavenumber nu of the disturbance and it is found that unstable modes always occur in pairs. It is also shown that, in general, instability in the form of lower branch Tollmien-Schlichting waves will occur first for nonaxisymmetric modes and that in the unstable regime the largest growth rates correspond to the latter modes.

Duck, Peter W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

On the estimation of metal-metal distortions for metal-metal orbital electronic ionizations and excitations

Reference is made to the work of Lichtenberger and Blevins (1984), who resolved a nu(Mo2) vibronic structure in the metal-metal delta-orbital photoelectron ionization band of Mo2(O2CCH3) in the gas phase at 200 C and performed a Franck-Condon analysis of the observed band profile. In the analysis, 'hot bands' were explicitly excluded as having any important effect on the Franck-Condon results. In the analytical study reported in the present paper, it is demonstrated that the thermal effects are indeed significant.

Miskowski, Vincent M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Tunable diode laser measurements of absolute linestrengths in the HNO3 band near 5.8 microns

Absolute line strengths of selected lines in the nu 2 band of HNO3 have been measured using a tunable diode laser spectrometer operating in a sweep integration mode. The direct measurement technique has been employed to obtain line intensities at 296 K for 22 isolated lines in the 1720-1725/cm region. The reported line strengths have estimated uncertainties of 4 percent, a significant portion of this uncertainty arising from spectral interference from hot band transitions. From these line-strength measurements, an integrated band intensity of 1375/sq cm per atm at 296 K is inferred.

May, Randy D.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Infrared measurements of increased CF2Cl2 (CFC-12) absorption above the South Pole

An increase in the CF2Cl2 total vertical column above the South pole of 1.24 + or - 0.15 over a 6-year period from 1980 to 1986, corresponding to an average increase of 3.6 + or - 2.1 percent, is found by high-resolution, ground-based solar spectra analyzed in the nu(8) band Q branches at 1161/cm of CF2Cl. This rate of increase is lower than indicated by in situ measurements at the South Pole over the same period, but substantial agreement results when the rather large error margins of the spectral analysis results are considered.

Rinsland, Curtis P.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Effect of line mixing on atmospheric brightness temperatures near 15 microns

The effect of line mixing on the effective blackbody brightness temperature of the earth in the region of the 15-micron nu 2 Q branch of CO2 is calculated. The procedures used to compute line mixing follow those used to successfully model mixing observed in laboratory spectra of two near-infrared CO2 Q branches. The atmospheric radiances are calculated between 664 and 670/cm, a spectral region that is of interest for sounding the upper troposphere and the stratosphere. Mixing was found to lower the observed brightness temperatures by as much as 3 K for some temperature profiles. Ignoring this effect would significantly impact the ability of advanced sounders to produce temperature retrievals which meet the projected accuracy requirement of 1 K/km.

Strow, L. Larrabee↗
NASA NTRS1988

Polarized D2 Stokes-Raman Q branch broadened by He - A numerical calculation

Numerical calculations are presented for the high-pressure dependence of the linewidths of the D2 polarized Q branch of the Stokes Raman nu = 0-1 transition. A comparison is made with the experimental linewidths. The relationship between the line shape and S matrices is reviewed as well as the calculation of the latter for the D2-He system.

Blackmore, Robert↗
NASA NTRS1988

Small-aperture infrared photometry of Seyfert 1 galactic nuclei

Multiaperture infrared photometry of the nuclei of five Seyfert 1 galaxies is presented. When apertures approaching the seeing limit were used, it was found that all of the nuclei have observed power law energy distributions with F(nu) proportional to 1/nu sq from 1.25 to 3.45 micron. After correcting for reddening, the spectral indices had a range of alpha = 1.4-1.9. These results are supported through infrared imaging of one of the program galaxies, and they demonstrate the importance of properly isolating the nuclear component from the stellar disk through the use of extremely small apertures. Although the nature of the infrared emissions cannot be determined, results indicate that a common energy source exists among the observed galaxies.

Simons, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Application of spherical near-field measurements to microwave holographic diagnosis of antennas

Microwave diagnosis of antennas is considered as a viable tool for the determination of reflector surface distortions and location of defective radiating elements of array antennas. A hybrid technique based on the combination of the spherical near-field measurements and holographic metrology reconstruction is presented. The measured spherical near-field data are first used to construct the far-field amplitude and phase patterns of the antenna on specified regularized u-nu coordinates. These data are then utilized in the surface profile reconstruction of the holographic technique using a fast-Fourier-transform (FFT)/iterative approach. Results of an experiment using a 156-cm reflector antenna measured at 11.3 GHz are presented for both the original antenna and the antenna with four attached bumps. Several contour and gray-scaled plots are presented for the reconstructed surface profiles of the measured antennas. The recovery effectiveness of the attached bumps has been demonstrated. The hybrid procedure presented is used to assess the achieved accuracy of the holographic reconstruction technique because of its ability to determine very accurate far-field amplitude and phase data from the spherical near-field measurements.

Rahmat-Samii, Yahya↗
NASA NTRS1989

Finite element applications to explore the effects of partial bonding on metal matrix composite properties

The mechanics of materials approach (definition of E, G, Nu, and Alpha) and the finite element method are used to explore the effects of partial bonding and fiber fracture on the behavior of high temperature metal matrix composites. Composite ply properties are calculated for various degrees of disbonding to evaluate the sensitivity of these properties to the presence of fiber/matrix disbonding and fiber fracture. The mechanics of materials approach allows for the determination of the basic ply material properties needed for design/analysis of composites. The finite element method provides the necessary structural response (forces and displacements) for the mechanics of materials equations. Results show that disbonding of fractured fibers affect only E sub (111) and alpha sub (111) significantly.

Caruso, J. J.↗