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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 937 records · Page 52

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2020

Compact radiation detector

Apparatus for detecting radiation includes a sensor medium disposed within a cavity in a silicon-based substrate. An electrode arrangement is provided for collecting charge generated within the sensor medium by interactions with impinging radiation and drifted through the sensor medium. The electrode arrangement is constituted, in part, by a silicon portion of the substrate that is doped to increase its electrical conductivity and that defines part of the cavity wall.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2020

Low temperature cofired ceramic substrates and fabrication techniques for the same

A low temperature cofired ceramic substrate comprises a plurality of dielectric layers, at least one inner conductor layer, a plurality of bond pads, and a solder mask. The dielectric layers are formed from ceramic material and placed one on top of another to form a stack. The inner conductor is formed from electrically conductive paste and positioned on an upper surface of at least one inner dielectric layer. The bond pads are positioned on an outer surface of the stack. Each bond pad is formed from a plurality of conductive sublayers of thin film metal stacked one on top of another, with each conductive sublayer being formed from a different metal. The solder mask is positioned on the same outer surface of the stack as the bond pads and includes a plurality of openings, with each opening exposing at least a portion of one of the bond pads.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2020

Stable lithium fluoride-based cathodes for metal and metal-ion batteries

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active lithium fluoride/metal nanocomposite material optionally embedded into a nanoporous, electrically-conductive skeleton matrix material particle(s), where each of these composite particles is further encased in a Li-ion permeable, chemically and mechanically robust, protective outer shell that is impermeable to electrolyte solvent molecules. The active lithium fluoride/metal nanocomposite material is provided to store and release Li ions during battery operation.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Cathode system for electrodeposition of metals on microspheres

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for electroplating an element. The apparatus may comprise a cathode cage assembly. The cathode cage assembly may include a cage member and at least one electrically conductive wire extending along at least a portion of the cage member. The wire may be arranged to form at least one volume within the cage member for retaining an element within the cage member. The cage member and the wire permit a degree of movement of the element during an electroplating process while retaining the element within the volume.

Bunn, Thomas L.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Compositions and methods for energy storage device electrodes

An energy storage device can include a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode, where the anode and/or electrode includes an electrode film having a super-fibrillized binder material and carbon. The electrode film can have a reduced quantity of the binder material while maintaining desired mechanical and/or electrical properties. A process for fabricating the electrode film may include a fibrillization process using reduced speed and/or increased process pressure such that fibrillization of the binder material can be increased. The electrode film may include an electrical conductivity promoting additive to facilitate decreased equivalent series resistance performance. Increasing fibrillization of the binder material may facilitate formation of thinner electrode films, such as dry electrode films.

Raman, Santhanam↗

DOE OSTI2021

Power inverter module with reduced inductance

A power inverter module includes a base module having a plurality of electrically conductive layers, including a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer and a third conductive layer. A first terminal is operatively connected to the first conductive layer at a first end and a second terminal is operatively connected to the second conductive layer at the first end. An isolation sheet is sandwiched between the first and second terminals. The first terminal and the second terminal include a respective proximal portion composed of a first material and a respective distal portion composed of a second material. At least one of the first terminal and the second terminal is bent to create an overlap zone such that a gap between the first terminal and the second terminal in the overlap zone is less than a threshold distance. The power inverter module is configured to reduce parasitic inductance.

Jaksic, Marko↗

DOE OSTI2020

Bespoke, High-Purity Coal Tar with Microwave Plasma Pyrolysis

H Quest Vanguard, Inc is developing microwave plasma driven ultra-rapid (100-500 ms residence times) coal pyrolysis. In this innovative process, entrained in an oxygen-free gas stream, the coal particles enter a non-thermal plasma and are rapidly heated (~10 5 K/sec), resulting in a carbonized exterior and electrically conductive coal particles. Microwave radiation can then directly couple to entrained particles creating localized high energy regions. Aromatic and polyaromatic tar components are stripped from the macromolecular structure of coal and ejected into the gas stream leaving behind porous char particles

Viswanathan, Vignesh↗

DOE OSTI2021

Shape memory polymer blend materials

An object comprising: a blend of (i) a phenol-containing polymer and (ii) a nitrile butadiene rubber; wherein the phenol-containing polymer is present in an amount of at least 5 wt % and up to about 95 wt % by total weight of components (i) and (ii). The object may further contain an electrically conducting component dispersed within the blend or on a surface of the blend. Also described is a method of thermal-activated reversible mechanical deformation of the object by (i) deforming the object at a first temperature, which is at or above the glass transition temperature of the object, and applying a stress on the object; (ii) fixing the deformed state by cooling the object to a second temperature of no more than 0° C. while under stress, and removing the stress; and (iii) recovering the object to the original shape by raising the temperature of the object to the first temperature.

Naskar, Amit K.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Electronic assembly with a direct current bus connection

A folded outer tab comprises a first outer dielectric layer and a second outer dielectric layer that contact or overlie an outer terminal, where the outer terminal is associated with a first polarity of the DC bus. A bent inner tab comprises a first inner dielectric layer and a second inner dielectric layer that contact or overlie an inner terminal, where the inner terminal is associated with a second polarity of the DC bus that is opposite the first polarity. The folded outer tab and the bent inner tab comprise electrically conductive faces, of opposite polarities, formed of exposed portions of the outer terminal and the inner terminal.

Schmit, Christopher J.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Solar cell comprising an oxide-nanoparticle buffer layer and method of fabrication

A buffer layer for protecting an organic layer during high-energy deposition of an electrically conductive layer is disclosed. Buffer layers in accordance with the present invention are particularly well suited for use in perovskite-based single-junction solar cells and double-junction solar cell structures that include at least one perovskite-based absorbing layer. In some embodiments, the buffer layer comprises a layer of oxide-based nanoparticles that is formed using solution-state processing, in which a solution comprising the nanoparticles and a volatile solvent is spin coated onto a structure that includes the organic layer. The solvent is subsequently removed in a low-temperature process that does not degrade the organic layer.

Bush, Kevin Alexander↗

DOE OSTI2021

Methods for nondestructive dispersing of carbon nanomaterials in water

A method termed “superacid-surfactant exchange” (S2E) for the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous solutions. This S2E method enables nondestructive dispersion of carbon nanomaterials (including single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and graphene) at rapidly and at large scale in aqueous solution without a requirement for expensive or complicated equipment. Dispersed carbon nanotubes obtained from this method feature long length, low defect density, high electrical conductivity, and in the case of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, bright photoluminescence in the near-infrared.

Wang, Yuhuang↗

DOE OSTI2022

Electrochemical device comprising thin porous metal sheet

Electrochemical device using thin micro-porous metal sheets. The porous metal sheet may have a thickness less than 200 μm, provides three-dimensional networked pore structures of pore sizes in the range of 2.0 nm to 5.0 μm, and is electrically conductive. The micro-porous metal sheet is used for positively and/or negatively-charged electrodes by providing large specific contact surface area of reactants/electron. Nano-sized catalyst or features can be added inside pores of the porous metal sheet of pore sizes at sub- and micrometer scale to enhance the reaction activity and capacity. Micro-porous ceramic materials may be coated on the porous metal sheet at a thickness of less than 40 μm to enhance the functionality of the porous metal sheet and may function as a membrane separator. The electrochemical device may be used for decomposing molecules and for synthesis of molecules such as synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen molecules.

Liu, Wei↗

DOE OSTI2022

Electrostatic graphene speaker

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and device associated with an electrostatically driven graphene speaker. In one aspect, the device includes a graphene membrane having a diameter of about 3 millimeters to about 11 millimeters, and a first electrode proximate a first side of the graphene membrane, the first electrode being electrically conductive. The device is a microphone or a loudspeaker.

Zhou, Qing↗

DOE OSTI2022

Energy storage devices having coated passive components

The present invention provides various passive electronic components comprising a layer of coated particles, and methods for producing and using the same. Some of the passive electronic components of the invention include, but are not limited to conductors, resistors, current collectors, capacitors, piezoelectronic devices, inductors and transformers. The present invention also provides energy storage devices and electrode layers for such energy storage devices having passive, electrically-conductive particles coated with one or more thin film materials.

King, David M.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Black-box optimization of a closed-circuit reverse osmosis system for desalination through extremum seeking control

We study the minimization of the cost function of a closed-circuit desalination reverse osmosis (CCRO) system, which is used for producing drinking water. The cost function is a trade-off between the specific energy consumption and the specific brine management cost. The extremum-seeking controller (ESC) manipulates the critical electric conductivity of the brine to minimize the cost function. Experiments were designed in which the composition of the feed salinity is increased to test the controller’s ability to converge to a new optimum. The ESC was able to shift the critical conductivity to a new optimum, which resulted in a 9% improvement in the cost function.

Chowdhury, Dhruba↗

DOE OSTI2022

Unconventional Highly Active and Stable Oxygen Reduction Catalysts Informed by Computational Design Strategies

As conventional strategies of engineering new MIEC materials for SOFCs over the past few decades would have eliminated a material like BFCZ75 from contention, this work suggests there is a need to re-think existing design criteria and develop and understand new rational materials design strategies that challenge conventional wisdom and chemical intuition. The ultimate goal of cathode design of SOFCs is to achieve a balance among electrical conductivity, ionic conductivity, oxygen exchange activity and long-term stability. Instead of searching for a replacement for unstable MIEC like LSCF, which works well in a ceria based composite electrode, some stable composites contain a highly conductive material mixing with a less conductive but highly ORR active and stable MIEC such as BFCZ75 or even triple-phase composites could be an alternative way to advance the current SOFC technology. (This work is published in May 2022 issue of Advanced Energy Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202201203 -->)<br>

Liu, Jian↗

DOE OSTI2022

Electroactive materials for secondary batteries

A [P x Sb y M z ]p/[carbon] q composite where x, y, and z represent atomic percentage values and are x>0; y>0; and z≥0, M is an electrically conductive metal, p and q represent the weight percentage values of the composite wherein p and q are in the range of 0-100%, and is p>0.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2022

Devices and methods for generating electrical current from methane

Methods, microbial fuel cells and microbial consortia for generating electrical current are provided according to the present invention which include providing a microbial consortium to an anode chamber of a microbial fuel cell, wherein the microbial consortium includes: 1) an engineered methanogen that contains a heterologous nucleic acid sequence encoding methyl-coenzyme M reductase derived from an anaerobic methane oxidizer, 2) an exoelectrogen microbe that produces electrically-conductive appendages and/or one or more types of electron carrier, and 3) a sludge, methane-acclimated sludge, a sludge isolate component, a methane-acclimated sludge isolate component chosen from Paracoccus spp., Geotoga spp., Geobacter spp., Methanosarcina spp., Garciella spp., humic acids; or a combination of any two or more thereof.

Wood, Thomas K.↗