Results for “data analysis methods” — Page 52

DOE OSTI2020

Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods

We describe the legacy Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) likelihoods derived from the 2018 data release. The overall approach is similar in spirit to the one retained for the 2013 and 2015 data release, with a hybrid method using different approximations at low ( ℓ < 30) and high ( ℓ ≥ 30) multipoles, implementing several methodological and data-analysis refinements compared to previous releases. With more realistic simulations, and better correction and modelling of systematic effects, we can now make full use of the CMB polarization observed in the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) channels. The low-multipole EE cross-spectra from the 100 GHz and 143 GHz data give a constraint on the ΛCDM reionization optical-depth parameter τ to better than 15% (in combination with the TT low- ℓ data and the high- ℓ temperature and polarization data), tightening constraints on all parameters with posterior distributions correlated with τ . We also update the weaker constraint on τ from the joint TEB likelihood using the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) channels, which was used in 2015 as part of our baseline analysis. At higher multipoles, the CMB temperature spectrum and likelihood are very similar to previous releases. A better model of the temperature-to-polarization leakage and corrections for the effective calibrations of the polarization channels (i.e., the polarization efficiencies) allow us to make full use of polarization spectra, improving the ΛCDM constraints on the parameters θ MC , ω c , ω b , and H 0 by more than 30%, and n s by more than 20% compared to TT-only constraints. Extensive tests on the robustness of the modelling of the polarization data demonstrate good consistency, with some residual modelling uncertainties. At high multipoles, we are now limited mainly by the accuracy of the polarization efficiency modelling. Using our various tests, simulations, and comparison between different high-multipole likelihood implementations, we estimate the consistency of the results to be better than the 0.5 σ level on the ΛCDM parameters, as well as classical single-parameter extensions for the joint likelihood (to be compared to the 0.3 σ levels we achieved in 2015 for the temperature data alone on ΛCDM only). Minor curiosities already present in the previous releases remain, such as the differences between the best-fit ΛCDM parameters for the ℓ < 800 and ℓ > 800 ranges of the power spectrum, or the preference for more smoothing of the power-spectrum peaks than predicted in ΛCDM fits. These are shown to be driven by the temperature power spectrum and are not significantly modified by the inclusion of the polarization data. Overall, the legacy Planck CMB likelihoods provide a robust tool for constraining the cosmological model and represent a reference for future CMB observations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS2016

Extracting Damping Ratio from Dynamic Data and Numerical Solutions

There are many ways to extract damping parameters from data or models. This Technical Memorandum provides a quick reference for some of the more common approaches used in dynamics analysis. Described are six methods of extracting damping from data: the half-power method, logarithmic decrement (decay rate) method, an autocorrelation/power spectral density fitting method, a frequency response fitting method, a random decrement fitting method, and a newly developed half-quadratic gain method. Additionally, state-space models and finite element method modeling tools, such as COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL), provide a theoretical damping via complex frequency. Each method has its advantages which are briefly noted. There are also likely many other advanced techniques in extracting damping within the operational modal analysis discipline, where an input excitation is unknown; however, these approaches discussed here are objective, direct, and can be implemented in a consistent manner.

Casiano, M. J.↗

DOE OSTI2026

Proton transparency and neutrino physics: New methods and modeling

Extracting accurate results from neutrino oscillation and cross section experiments requires accurate simulation of the neutrino-nucleus interaction. The rescattering of outgoing hadrons (final state interactions) by the rest of the nucleus is an important component of these interactions. We present a new measurement of proton transparency (defined as the fraction of outgoing protons that emerge without significant rescattering) using electron-nucleus scattering data recorded by the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory on helium, carbon, and iron targets. This analysis uses a new data-driven method to extract the transparency. It defines transparency as the ratio of electron-scattering events with a detected proton to quasi-elastic electron-scattering events where a proton should have been knocked out. Our results are consistent with previous measurements that determined the transparency from the ratio of measured events to theoretically predicted events. We find that the GENIE event generator, which is widely used by oscillation experiments to simulate neutrino-nucleus interactions, needs to better describe both the nuclear ground state and proton rescattering in order to reproduce our measured transparency ratios, especially at lower proton momenta.

direct reactions↗

NASA NTRS2012

Structural Element Testing in Support of the Design of the NASA Composite Crew Module

In January 2007, the NASA Administrator and Associate Administrator for the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate chartered the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) to design, build, and test a full-scale Composite Crew Module (CCM). For the design and manufacturing of the CCM, the team adopted the building block approach where design and manufacturing risks were mitigated through manufacturing trials and structural testing at various levels of complexity. Following NASA's Structural Design Verification Requirements, a further objective was the verification of design analysis methods and the provision of design data for critical structural features. Test articles increasing in complexity from basic material characterization coupons through structural feature elements and large structural components, to full-scale structures were evaluated. This paper discusses only four elements tests three of which include joints and one that includes a tapering honeycomb core detail. For each test series included are specimen details, instrumentation, test results, a brief analysis description, test analysis correlation and conclusions.

Kellas, Sotiris↗

DOE OSTI2021

Online PMU Missing Value Replacement Via Event-Participation Decomposition

We introduce a new method for online Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) missing value replacement. Our approach allows us to decompose PMU event responses into a non-dynamic component (denoted the participation factor) that can be inferred directly from the past and a dynamic component that can be inferred directly from all other PMUs (denoted the event strength). When missing values occur, we can use these two components, which do not rely on the missing index, to estimate the correct value. The method is extremely fast and can easily be used for online applications. Furthermore, extensive testing on real power system event data reveals that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of Mean Absolute Percent Errors (MAPEs) for PMU data dropped during event periods. Here, the method also yields an interpretable and simplified view of events for further analysis and applications. The method relies only on PMU data and does not take outside information such as network topology.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

NASA NTRS1975

A discussion of dynamic stability measurement techniques

Techniques for the measurement of the dynamic stability of linear systems are discussed. Particular attention is given to an analysis of the errors in the procedures, and to methods for calculating the system damping from the data. The techniques discussed include: transient decay, moving block analysis, spectral analysis, random decrement signatures, transfer function analysis, and parameter identification methods. The special problems of rotorcraft dynamic stability testing are discussed.

Johnson, W.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Stochastic properties of ultralight scalar field gradients

Ultralight axion-like particles are well-motivated dark matter candidates that are the target of numerous direct detection efforts. In the vicinity of the Solar System, such particles can be treated as oscillating scalar fields. The velocity dispersion of the Milky Way determines a coherence time of about 10 6 oscillations, beyond which the amplitude of the axion field fluctuates stochastically. Any analysis of data from an axion direct detection experiment must carefully account for this stochastic behavior to properly interpret the results. This is especially true for experiments sensitive to the gradient of the axion field that are unable to collect data for many coherence times. Indeed, the direction, in addition to the amplitude, of the axion field gradient fluctuates stochastically. We present the first complete stochastic treatment for the gradient of the axion field, including multiple computationally efficient methods for performing likelihood-based data analysis, which can be applied to any axion signal, regardless of coherence time. Additionally, we demonstrate that ignoring the stochastic behavior of the gradient of the axion field can potentially result in failure to discover a true axion signal

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS1993

Surface hot-film method for the measurement of transition, separation and reattachment points

A real-time method of determining positions of laminar-to-turbulent transition region, separation and reattachment points and stagnation points using an array of simultaneously operated surface-mounted hot-film sensors has been developed and applied to a wind-tunnel test of a multielement airfoil model. Determination of various types of transitions and flow directions in various regimes of flows seen on multielement airfoils are possible without precise sensor calibration or laborious post-test data analysis. The results agree with established method and theoretical methods, but determination of turbulent reattachment points are not yet satisfactory.

Nakayama, Akihiko↗

DOE OSTI2021

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗

DOE OSTI2021

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗

DOE OSTI2021

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗

DOE OSTI2021

MONTI: A Multi-Omics Non-negative Tensor Decomposition Framework for Gene-Level Integrative Analysis

Multi-omics data is frequently measured to enrich the comprehension of biological mechanisms underlying certain phenotypes. However, due to the complex relations and high dimension of multi-omics data, it is difficult to associate omics features to certain biological traits of interest. For example, the clinically valuable breast cancer subtypes are well-defined at the molecular level, but are poorly classified using gene expression data. Here, we propose a multi-omics analysis method called MONTI (Multi-Omics Non-negative Tensor decomposition for Integrative analysis), which goal is to select multi-omics features that are able to represent trait specific characteristics. Here, we demonstrate the strength of multi-omics integrated analysis in terms of cancer subtyping. The multi-omics data are first integrated in a biologically meaningful manner to form a three dimensional tensor, which is then decomposed using a non-negative tensor decomposition method. From the result, MONTI selects highly informative subtype specific multi-omics features. MONTI was applied to three case studies of 597 breast cancer, 314 colon cancer, and 305 stomach cancer cohorts. For all the case studies, we found that the subtype classification accuracy significantly improved when utilizing all available multi-omics data. MONTI was able to detect subtype specific gene sets that showed to be strongly regulated by certain omics, from which correlation between omics types could be inferred. Furthermore, various clinical attributes of nine cancer types were analyzed using MONTI, which showed that some clinical attributes could be well explained using multi-omics data. We demonstrated that integrating multi-omics data in a gene centric manner improves detecting cancer subtype specific features and other clinical features, which may be used to further understand the molecular characteristics of interest. The software and data used in this study are available at: https://github.com/inukj/MONTI.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1999

Analysis and Application of Airborne Thermal Data at the Local Level Salt Lake City, Utah

Expanding cities are transforming periurban environments such as agricultural land, natural grasslands, forests, wetlands, and and land, into urban surfaces, such as asphalt and concrete. This transformation is part of a process defined as "urban heat island". The urban surfaces get much hotter during the daylight hours in the summer than the natural or vegetated environment. The heat builds up creating a dome effect over the city making it many degrees hotter than it's surrounding area. The impacts from this, which include higher usage of air conditioners, water, etc., are numerous and costly. As cities expand, this problem is exacerbated. It is necessary to incorporate better quality data into urban analysis and for establishing methods that systematically and objectively monitor growth and change due to increased urbanization. NASA initiated Project Atlanta in 1997 "as an interdisciplinary remote sensing study to observe and measure the growth and development of the urban heat island effect over Atlanta, and its associated impacts". This project has recently included Salt Lake City, among others, in the study of the development and effects of "urban heat islands". NASA has made available to Salt Lake City, high resolution, 10 meter, multispectral thermal data collected in June 1998. The data collection was part of a special NASA over-flight, a mission supported by the U.S. EPA in conjunction with their Urban Heat Island (UHI) Mitigation Initiative. Salt Lake City is one of three pilot cities selected to participate in this unique initiative. Hence, this project constitutes a rare opportunity to capitalize upon state-of-the-art NASA technology and link it to an urban community very concerned about rapid growth and development. This data will enhance existing data and be used for improving technical tools used to plan for Utah's future.

Dudley-Murphy, Elizabeth A.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-17943-DND

SAGE II used the solar occultation technique to measure atmospheric ozone for 21 years between 1984 and 2005 and has continued to play a key role in numerous international assessments. Traditionally, the determination of trends in ozone using SAGE II data has been done via time series analysis of monthly mean data within specific latitude bands. However, given the sparse sampling of SAGE II data, this will introduce temporal and/or spatial biases, particularly in the period after late 2000 when the instrument operated at half-duty cycle. Herein we present a new method for performing time series analysis of unevenly sampled data (in particular SAGE II); namely, we utilize the daily mean data and perform a simultaneous temporal and spatial analysis, making use of a Fourier series to constrain latitudinal variation. This methodology is applied to both the previous (v6.2) and current (v7.0) versions of the SAGE II data. Results are discussed that show the improvements to the data between versions 6.2 and 7.0 that make time series analysis produce reduced residuals as well as the preliminary results of the time series itself, which reveal some of the limitations in currently used proxies for the regression.

Robert P Damadeo↗

NASA NTRS1990

Primary reference cell calibrations at SERI - History and methods

The tabular calibration method used at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) for primary reference cells is derived and described in detail. An uncertainty analysis shows that the tabular method should have a total uncertainty of + or - 1.0 percent; data from five years of calibrations are then shown to support this analysis. Results from SERI's tabular method are compared with terrestrial calibrations performed by the NASA Lewis Research Center in the late 1970s.

Osterwald, C. R.↗

NASA NTRS2001

On-Line Mu Method for Robust Flutter Prediction in Expanding a Safe Flight Envelope for an Aircraft Model Under Flight Test

A structured singular value (mu) analysis method of computing flutter margins has robust stability of a linear aeroelastic model with uncertainty operators (Delta). Flight data is used to update the uncertainty operators to accurately account for errors in the computed model and the observed range of aircraft dynamics of the aircraft under test caused by time-varying aircraft parameters, nonlinearities, and flight anomalies, such as test nonrepeatability. This mu-based approach computes predict flutter margins that are worst case with respect to the modeling uncertainty for use in determining when the aircraft is approaching a flutter condition and defining an expanded safe flight envelope for the aircraft that is accepted with more confidence than traditional methods that do not update the analysis algorithm with flight data by introducing mu as a flutter margin parameter that presents several advantages over tracking damping trends as a measure of a tendency to instability from available flight data.

Lind, Richard C.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Quantitative Phenotypic Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana Grown in Microgravity Using Soap, an Applied Artificial Intelligence

Phenotypic analysis is an essential step in studying the gravitropic responses and gravitational stress experienced by plants grown in microgravity. Many of the phenotypic traits analyzed in gravitropism studies, such as root length, leaf area, secondary root count, and number of root hairs, currently rely upon manual measurement methods for quantification. However, new advances in data analysis technology using artificial intelligence offer an opportunity for more efficient phenotypic analysis and a reduction of time spent in the data collection phase. In this project, the ability of a new artificially intelligent data collection software, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), to collect and quantify phenotypic traits of Arabidopsis thaliana will be assessed. This project will test the measurements taken by an initial draft of the software. SOAP will take measurements of shoot length, a key phenotype used to assess A. thaliana stress response when grown in microgravity conditions. Shoot length measurements made by SOAP will be compared against a series of manual shoot length measurements. The comparison between the two methods of data measurement will provide valuable insight into the relative accuracy of SOAP and the margin of human error when conducting lab measurements.

Arabidopsis↗

NASA NTRS1987

An algorithmic approach to crustal deformation analysis

In recent years the analysis of crustal deformation measurements has become important as a result of current improvements in geodetic methods and an increasing amount of theoretical and observational data provided by several earth sciences. A first-generation data analysis algorithm which combines a priori information with current geodetic measurements was proposed. Relevant methods which can be used in the algorithm were discussed. Prior information is the unifying feature of this algorithm. Some of the problems which may arise through the use of a priori information in the analysis were indicated and preventive measures were demonstrated. The first step in the algorithm is the optimal design of deformation networks. The second step in the algorithm identifies the descriptive model of the deformation field. The final step in the algorithm is the improved estimation of deformation parameters. Although deformation parameters are estimated in the process of model discrimination, they can further be improved by the use of a priori information about them. According to the proposed algorithm this information must first be tested against the estimates calculated using the sample data only. Null-hypothesis testing procedures were developed for this purpose. Six different estimators which employ a priori information were examined. Emphasis was put on the case when the prior information is wrong and analytical expressions for possible improvements under incompatible prior information were derived.

Iz, Huseyin Baki↗