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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 937 records · Page 52
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Active Site and Remote Contributions to Catalysis in Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidases

5'-Methylthioadenosine/S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine nucleosidases (MTANs) catalyze the hydrolysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine to adenine and 5-methylthioribose. The amino acid sequences of the MTANs from Vibrio cholerae (VcMTAN) and Escherichia coli (EcMTAN) are 60% identical and 75% similar. Protein structure folds and kinetic properties are similar. However, binding of transition-state analogues is dominated by favorable entropy in VcMTAN and by enthalpy in EcMTAN. Catalytic sites of VcMTAN and EcMTAN in contact with reactants differ by two residues; Ala113 and Val153 in VcMTAN are Pro113 and Ile152, respectively, in EcMTAN. Here, we mutated the VcMTAN catalytic site residues to match those of EcMTAN in anticipation of altering its properties toward EcMTAN. Inhibition of VcMTAN by transition-state analogues required filling both active sites of the homodimer. However, in the Val153Ile mutant or double mutants, transition-state analogue binding at one site caused complete inhibition. Therefore, a single amino acid, Val153, alters the catalytic site cooperativity in VcMTAN. The transition-state analogue affinity and thermodynamics in mutant VcMTAN became even more unlike those of EcMTAN, the opposite of expectations from catalytic site similarity; thus, catalytic site contacts in VcMTAN are unable to recapitulate the properties of EcMTAN. X-ray crystal structures of EcMTAN, VcMTAN, and a multiple-site mutant of VcMTAN most closely resembling EcMTAN in catalytic site contacts show no major protein conformational differences. In conclusion, the overall protein architectures of these closely related proteins are implicated in contributing to the catalytic site differences.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Photo-induced Charge Separation and Photoredox Catalysis in Cerium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks

Separation of photo-induced charges (electrons and holes) can exert important control over the lifetimes of photo-excited states. Such separation may be promoted in Metal–Organic frameworks (MOFs), which are organic–inorganic hybrid materials, through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). Here, in this chapter, we discuss our recent work on photocatalysis with Ce-based MOFs, which feature LMCT due to the low-lying empty 4f states of Ce(IV). We discuss the electronic structure of Ce-based UiO-66, the effects of linker functionalization and metal (Zr or Ti) doping on the electronic structure of Ce-based UiO-66, and the photoredox possibilities of the selected Ce-MOFs.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Heterogeneous Catalysis on Atomically Dispersed Supported Metals: CO2 Reduction on Multifunctional Pd Catalysts

Temperature programmed reaction and scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments were applied to prove the requirement of two different catalyst functionalities for the reduction of CO2 with hydrogen on Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/MWCNT catalysts. The research described in this paper was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute.

alumina↗
DOE OSTI2015

Water Oxidation by Cobalt Centers on Various Oxide Surfaces: The Effects of Oxide Surface Acidity and Oxygen Atom Affinity on Catalysis

© 2015 American Chemical Society. Single-atom cobalt centers on various oxide surfaces (TiO2, MgO, SBA-15, AlPO, and Y-Zeolite) were prepared and evaluated as water oxidation catalysts by photochemical water oxidation experiments. Superior catalytic rates were observed for cobalt sites on basic supporting oxides (TiO2 and MgO) relative to those on acidic oxides (Y-Zeolite, AlPO, and SiO2). Per-atom turnover frequencies of ca. 0.04 s-1 were achieved, giving initial rates 100 times greater than that of a surface atom of a Co3O4 nanoparticle. Contrary to expectations based on theoretical work, no apparent correlation was observed between the catalytic rates and the oxygen atom affinities of the supporting oxides. (Graph Presented).

Ahn, Hyun S↗
DOE OSTI2013

Protein–Protein Interaction Regulates the Direction of Catalysis and Electron Transfer in a Redox Enzyme Complex

Protein-protein complexes are fundamental to life where they are key to processes ranging from central metabolism to cell signaling. Transient protein-protein interactions generally underpin the electron-transfer (ET) pathways of respiration.1 One of the many well-characterized examples of a transient ET complex is that between cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase.2-5 The interaction between these partner proteins is weak and dynamic. This ensures the frequent exchange of partner proteins as required to support electron flux in cases where the sole function of one of the proteins is to shuttle electrons between redox partners.1 While it is generally assumed that such transient protein-protein interactions are specific, for Paracoccus denitrificans it has recently been shown that seven proteins in a respiratory network interact in a seemingly ill-defined manner. This results in an intricate electron-transfer network that may be better suited to successful colonization of habitats with changing resources.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗