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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 937 records · Page 52
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

We are Missing a Term in the Gender-Equity Hamiltonian: Why is Female Participation in Jordan as High as 90% in Physics?

After decades of APS efforts promoting gender equity in physics, female participation remains disappointingly low in the USA and other developed countries. However, new data bring hope and a challenge: Female participation in physics is improving globally and, in some countries, participation far exceeds (my) expectations. But what key factor have we missed in the USA, Japan, and similar countries that other countries have recognized? We are missing a term in the gender-equity Hamiltonian, and my hope for this article is to rejuvenate a global discussion. Too often we ignore international comparisons that could offer insights into social phenomena—from science policy to vaccination acceptance—perhaps because the comparisons are painful.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results of the Short-Term Analyses of the Salt (Macro) Batch 5 Tank 41H Qualification Sample (Resample)

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) analyzed samples from Tank 41H in November 2021 in support of qualification of Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Salt Batch 5. This document reports the short-term results of the analyses of samples of Tank 41H. Analysis of the Tank 41H Salt Batch 5 sample indicates that the material does not display any unusual characteristics or observations, such as floating solids, the presence of large amounts of solids, or unusual colors. Further sample results will be reported in a future document. This report satisfies part of Deliverable 3 of the Technical Task Request (TTR). After a data review it was found that the original results reported in the revision 0 of this document were actually from Salt Batch 4 (Tank 21H). A new set of samples was sent for analysis to satisfy deliverable 3 of the TTR. The results from the original analyses have been replaced with the recent analyses of the actual Salt Batch 5 sample.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results of Long-Term Analyses of the Salt (Macro) Batch 5 Tank 41h Qualification Sample (Resample)

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) analyzed samples from Tank 41H in support of qualification of Salt Water Processing Facility (SWPF) Salt Batch 5. This document reports the long-term results of the analyses of samples of Tank 41H. Analysis of the Tank 41H Salt Batch 5 sample indicated that the material does not display any unusual characteristics or observations, such as floating solids, the presence of large amounts of solids, or unusual colors. This memo satisfies Deliverable 3 of the Technical Task Request (TTR). After a data review it was found that the original results reports in the revision 0 of this document were actually from Salt Batch 4 (Tank 21H). A new set of samples was sent for analysis to satisfy Deliverable 3 of the TTR. The results from the original analyses have been replaced with the recent analyses of the actual Salt Batch 5 sample.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

ECAR-5021 Source Term Estimates for SCO Micro-Reactor Designs

The purpose of this document is to provide source term estimates and the associated technical basis for Strategic Capabilities Office (SCO) microreactor designs that use TRISO fuel. This estimate can be used for relevant environmental and safety analyses that will be done as part of the project for all of the selected suppliers for a safety design strategy. This is a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Seismic Loading for Short-Term Duration Exposures and Temporary Structures

The purpose of this document is to determine the appropriate seismic demand forces associated with a short-term and temporary seismic exposure for protecting structures, systems, and components (SSCs) from hazards associated with Seismic Design Category 1 (SDC-1), SDC-2, and SDC-3 seismic events based on data provided in the Probabilistic Seismic Hazards Update for LLNL prepared by Fugro Consultants, Inc. in accordance with DOE-STD-1020.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Grid-Scale, Long-Term Energy Storage: Repurposing Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, Resources, and Infrastructure to Store CO 2 and Heat (Mid-Project Progress Report)

The purpose of this project is to create a viable business case for CO 2 capture, use, and storage (CCUS) by enabling grid-scale, long-term energy storage in mature hydrocarbon reservoirs and saline aquifers. Our CCUS approach, called the Earth Battery, is based on patents issued to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on Multi-Fluid Geo-Energy and Earth Battery Systems and to the University of Minnesota and TerraCOH, Inc. on CO 2 Plume Geothermal (CPG). Excess energy can be used to compress and store CO 2 and hot brine underground in permeable formations, including: (1) saline aquifers suitable for geologic CO 2 storage (GCS) and (2) hydrocarbon reservoirs, the focus of this project featuring a pilot test in a mature oil and natural gas (NG) field. Excess energy can come in the form of excess electricity from the grid or excess NG that does not have a market. It can also come in the form of excess heat from other sources, such as from the heat of air or CO 2 compression or from a nearby base-load power plant or solar thermal energy (STE) facility, when heat is not needed to generate electricity from those sources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

FY2021 Long-Term PCT of ILAW Glasses

Approximately 54 to 56 million gallons of radioactive waste is currently stored in underground tanks at The United States Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Hanford site in the State of Washington. The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will provide DOE’s Office of River Protection (ORP) with a means of treating this waste by vitrification for subsequent disposal. The tank waste will be separated into low- and high-activity waste fractions, which will then be vitrified respectively into Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) and Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) products. The ILAW product will be disposed in a near-surface engineered facility – the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) – on the Hanford site, while the IHLW product is designed for deep geological disposal in a national facility for high-level nuclear waste. The ILAW and IHLW products must meet a variety of requirements with respect to protection of the environment before they can be accepted for disposal. The objective of the work described in this report is to perform testing, data collection, and analyses for the ILAW glass product for subsequent use in the performance assessment (PA) of the IDF to assess potential environmental risks associated with long-term storage.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Corrosivity Screening of Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by Short-Term Alloy Exposures. Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP), Issue Date: May 12, 2022

Bio-oils contain organic acids and oxygenated compounds that can lead to corrosion issues during bio-oil processing and storage. This Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP) allows for rapid screening of a bio-oil's corrosivity without the need for complex equipment and long-term exposures. A robust and repeatable method for assessing the corrosivity of bio-oils is necessary in order to remove materials degradation as an obstacle to research, upgrading, use and storage of bio-oils. This LAP involves the incubation of a representative alloy, 410 stainless steel (410 SS), specimen in bio-oil over a period of 48 hours at 50 degrees C in a sealed container. The corrosive species in the bio-oil react with and deplete alloy elements such as iron (Fe) and/or chromium (Cr) from the specimen into the bio-oil solution. The depletion of Fe and Cr from the specimen results in a significant mass loss that can be recorded. The mass loss is directly correlated to the corrosivity of a bio-oil. Examples of bio-oils in scope include the ones produced by fast pyrolysis and catalytic fast pyrolysis, as well as liquids produced from hydrothermal liquefaction.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Characterization of Long-Term Service Coal Combustion Power Plant Extreme Environment Materials

The objective of this DOE-sponsored project was to develop a comprehensive database of mechanical properties, alloy microstructures, and to a lesser extent, the oxidation/corrosion behaviors of coal-fired power plant components, such as boiler tubing, steam headers, and steam piping, which had been in service for at least 100,000 operating hours (preferably more than 200,000 operating hours) under the operating conditions of high temperatures and high mechanical stresses where creep, fatigue, steam-side oxidation, and fireside corrosion were life-limiting factors. The components included in this database consisted of ferritic steels, creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels, and 300-series H-grade stainless steels, as well as dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) among these types of materials. As a result of extensive metallurgical characterization and mechanical testing performed in this project, a comprehensive database on mechanical properties and detailed quantitative microstructural information was successfully developed for several long-term serviced EEM components. Such a database can be used by material research communities to develop, calibrate, refine, and validate mechanical behaviors, models, and other assessment tools for accurate prediction of remaining life of major components under similar EEM operating conditions.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Unclassified Source Term and Radionuclide Data for the Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport Model for Corrective Action Units 101 and 102: Central and Western Pahute Mesa, Nye County, Nevada, Revision 1

This report documents the evaluation of information and data available on the unclassified source term and radionuclide (RN) contamination for Central and Western Pahute Mesa (PM): Corrective Action Units (CAUs) 101 and 102. The Central and Western PM CAUs constitute two areas of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) used for underground nuclear testing (Figure 1-1). Eighty-five underground nuclear tests were conducted at the PM CAUs between 1965 and 1992 (NNSA/NFO, 2015b). Underground nuclear tests deposit radioactive elements in the subsurface, resulting in groundwater contamination in the vicinity of the underground test locations. At the PM CAUs, the testing resulted in more than 2.68 × 10 7 curies (Ci) of radioactivity (decay-corrected to September 30, 2012) remaining underground (Finnegan et al., 2016). Of the 85 underground nuclear tests conducted at the PM CAUs, three were shallow tests detonated within 200 meters (m) of the surface and referred to as the “near-surface tests”; the remaining 82 were detonated deeper than 200 m below ground surface (bgs) and are referred to as the “deep underground tests” in this document.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results of the Short-Term Analyses of the Salt (Macro) Batch 5 Tank 41H Qualification Sample (Resample)

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) analyzed samples from Tank 41H in November 2021 in support of qualification of Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Salt Batch 5. This document reports the short-term results of the analyses of samples of Tank 41H. Analysis of the Tank 41H Salt Batch 5 sample indicates that the material does not display any unusual characteristics or observations, such as floating solids, the presence of large amounts of solids, or unusual colors. Further sample results will be reported in a future document. This report satisfies part of Deliverable 3 of the Technical Task Request (TTR). After a data review it was found that the original results reported in the revision 0 of this document were actually from Salt Batch 4 (Tank 21H). A new set of samples was sent for analysis to satisfy deliverable 3 of the TTR. The results from the original analyses have been replaced with the recent analyses of the actual Salt Batch 5 sample.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results of Long-Term Analyses of the Salt (Macro) Batch 5 Tank 41H Qualification Sample (Resample)

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) analyzed samples from Tank 41H in support of qualification of Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Salt Batch 5. This document reports the long-term results of the analyses of samples of Tank 41H. Analysis of the Tank 41H Salt Batch 5 sample indicates that the material does not display any unusual characteristics or observations, such as floating solids, the presence of large amounts of solids, or unusual colors. This memo satisfies Deliverable 3 of the Technical Task Request (TTR). After a data review it was found that the original results reported in the revision 0 of this document were actually from Salt Batch 4 (Tank 21H). A new set of samples were sent for analysis to satisfy Deliverable 3 of the TTR. The results from the original analyses have been replaced with the recent analyses of the actual Salt Batch 5 sample.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Opportunities for Utilization of Low-Cost Algae Resources: Techno-Economic Analysis Screening for Near-Term Deployment (Parts 1 and 2)

This report presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis (TEA) for the production, collection, or procurement of several low-cost algae resources that may otherwise be considered "waste" biomass materials today, as well as the utilization of these materials through exemplary conversion processes to produce renewable fuels and chemicals. In contrast to conventional TEA models attributed to large-scale algae "farming" approaches, which may be able to produce substantially more biomass and thus fuels/products at a national scale in the future, this assessment focuses on understanding opportunities and costs for such "waste" algal biomass resources as may be available at considerably lower cost today. Economics for base case assumptions and a range of sensitivity scenarios are presented, employing conversion technologies that are simple and well understood, and thus may be deployed at smaller community scale in the near term, as a means to support and expand a nascent algae industry on the way to employing a larger commercial algae farm approach for commodity-scale production. Specifically, three algal biomass resources are considered in this assessment, as may be sourced from (1) municipal wastewater treatment (WWT) utilizing algae in place of more conventional technologies for nitrogen/phosphorus removal, (2) collection and removal of harmful algal bloom (HAB) biomass as proliferates in certain inland water bodies, and (3) procurement of residual biomass following commercial lipid extraction (EXT) operations performed at smaller scale by industry today focused on higher-value nutraceutical applications. These three resources are evaluated through two conversion pathways: (1) combined algal biomass processing (CAP) through a simple/low-complexity configuration, and (2) anaerobic digestion (AD). The CAP pathway produces liquid fuels and chemical coproducts (polymer for off-site upgrading to bioplastics), whereas the AD pathway produces biogas (specifically renewable natural gas [RNG]) and crop fertilizer coproducts. To streamline the discussion, this report is broken into two sections: Part 1 focuses on WWT-derived biomass, and Part 2 on HAB and EXT biomass.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Exploring the Impact of Near-Term Innovations on the Technical Potential of Land-Based Wind Energy

Land based wind may play a critical role in reaching emissions reductions goals and high renewable contribution scenarios with capacity expansion modeling results estimating over 1 terawatt of land-based wind by 2035 to reach 100% clean electricity. Deployment of land-based wind at this magnitude may require significant investments in transmission infrastructure and will require significant land area for new wind and transmission. Cost reductions via technological advancements in wind turbine design, construction, and maintenance will have a major role in enabling the scale of deployment required. Since 1998, the levelized cost of wind energy has fallen by over 60% due to improvements in capacity factors, advancements in turbine controls, and cost reductions in installation, operation, and maintenance. These cost reduction pathways, generally referred to as wind technology "innovations", have enabled significant increases in the capacity and electric generation share of wind power in the United States. Nevertheless, achievements of past wind innovations have not led to widespread wind deployment outside of high wind speed geographies. This study evaluates the potential of near-term innovations to expand the geographic range of economically viable land-based wind power production in the United States. Many challenges to future deployment of wind power can be associated with increasing concentration in high-wind areas. As more wind power is deployed in these same areas, it is likely that residential and regulatory resistance to further deployment will increase, access to transmission will diminish, and options for distant companies and governments with renewable energy goals will remain limited. Therefore, this analysis aims to emphasize the potential for innovations to enable land-based wind in regions with limited wind deployment and with lower wind resource and better access to transmission.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Perspectives on the status of fusion energy research and near term directions [Slides]

Over the past few years, nearly five billion dollars of private investments from private industry sparked excitement for accelerating the development of fusion energy technologies. Driving these investments are various technical advances in research such as those at facilities such as JET, EAST, NIF, etc. At the same time, the Office of the President, in the spring of 2022, announced a commitment to fusion energy development as part of its strategy to combat climate change. With the goal of a pilot power plant by the 2040s, the research strategy shifted to public private partnerships as a means for the government to support the lofty goal of shorten the deployment time of fusion energy technologies. The rapid change in strategy created a quickly changing research landscape with many potential opportunities. In this presentation, I will attempt to paint a picture of the current state of fusion energy, highlight major challenges, and provide insights into some near-term opportunities for LANL.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Best Practices in Electricity Load Modeling and Forecasting for Long-Term Power System Planning

This report highlights best practices for enhanced load modeling and forecasting for long-term power sector planning. The best practices touch on stakeholder engagement, data acquisition and management, modeling and validation, and scenario development. Case studies are provided to highlight crosscutting lessons that could inform enhanced load modeling and forecasting across different country settings. Though this work presents best practices resulting from support to the PDOE, the list is by no means exhaustive—nor is it meant to be prescriptive.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗