Effects of uniform damage to silicon solar cells
Uniform damage to silicon solar cells by fast protons or electrons
Barrett, M. J.↗
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Status of the cadmium sulfide thin-film solar cell.
Cadmium sulfide thin film solar cell design for space applications
Forestieri, A. F.↗
Methods for fabricating CdS thin-film solar cell modules.
CdS thin film solar cells series and parallel interconnection into modules, using soldered or conductive epoxy bonding methods
Ratajczak, A. F.↗
Development of lithium diffused radiation resistant solar cells
Various aspects of lithium solar cell fabrication processes
Payne, P.↗
Silicon solar-cell array interconnector design
Silicon solar cell array interconnector design based on analysis of stresses caused by thermal expansion and vibrational motion
Ralph, E. L.↗
Study and determination of an optimum design for space utilized lithium-doped solar cells, part 2
Lithium doped solar cell hardness to 1 MeV electron irradiation
Downing, R. G.↗
Spectral responses of silicon solar cells at low temperatures
Si solar cells spectral responses at low temperatures
Brandhorst, H. W., Jr.↗
Silicon solar cell lightweight integrated array
Silicon solar cell lightweight integrated array for large arrays, discussing deployment and orientation mechanisms, ribbon coverglass technique and cost estimates
Ralph, E. L.↗
Humidity resistant solar cell contacts
Gold-platinum solar cell contact is developed which does not exhibit chemical reactivity of titanium or porosity of silver. This contact offers excellent ohmic characteristics and stability in humid air.
Bishop, C. J.↗
Inversion layer solar cell fabrication and evaluation
Silicon solar cells with induced junctions were created by forming an inversion layer near the surface of the silicon by supplying a sheet of positive charge above the surface. This charged layer was supplied through three mechanisms: (1) supplying a positive potential to a transparent electrode separated from the silicon surface by a dielectric, (2) contaminating the oxide layer with positive ions, and (3) forming donor surface states that leave a positive charge on the surface. A movable semi-infinite shadow delineated the extent of sensitivity of the cell due to the inversion region. Measurements of the inversion layer cell response to light of different wavelengths indicated it to be more sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of the sun's spectrum than conventional cells. Theory of the conductance of the inversion layer vs. strength of the inversion layer was compared with experiment and found to match. Theoretical determinations of junction depth and inversion layer strength were made as a function of the surface potential for the transparent electrode cell.
Call, R. L.↗
Feasibility of low cost silicon solar cells.
Future costs of silicon solar cells are projected on the basis of more than a thousand-fold increase in volume. If no major application of new manufacturing technology is made, the cost remains excessive for any large scale energy system. However, the development of a multiple-ribbon crystal growth process could permit a 300-fold reduction in cell costs to about $375/kW of cell output.
Currin, C. G.↗
Inversion layer solar cell fabrication and evaluation
Silicon solar cells operating with induced junctions rather than diffused junctions have been fabricated and tested. Induced junctions were created by forming an inversion layer near the surface of the silicon by supplying a sheet of positive charge above the surface. This charged layer was supplied through three mechanisms: (1) applying a positive potential to a transparent electrode separated from the silicon surface by a dielectric, (2) contaminating the oxide layer with positive ions, and (3) forming donor surface states that leave a positive charge on the surface. A movable semi-infinite shadow delineated the extent of sensitivity of the cell due to the inversion region. Measurements of the response of the inversion layer cell to light of different wavelengths indicated it to be more sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of the sun's spectrum than conventional cells. The greater sensitivity occurs because of the shallow junction and the strong electric field at the surface.
Call, R. L.↗
Current status of silicon solar cell technology
Recent advances in solar cell technology have led to the development of laboratory cells with efficiencies above 15% and production cells with efficiencies in the area of 13%. The increased output is largely the result of increases in the short-circuit current. The most significant gain in the amount of light entering the cell has been obtained through surface texturing by chemical etching techniques. Sheet resistances resulting from phosphorus diffusion in the 800 C temperature range yield junction depths on the order of 0.1 micrometer, leading to significant increases in the blue region of the cell spectral response. The inclusion of a back surface field in 10 ohm-cm cells has produced an increase in open-circuit voltage of about 50 mV and an increase in the minority carrier lifetime. It appears that a low emitter efficiency of the diffused region is the cause of poor voltages. Future research will be primarily directed toward correcting this deficiency and toward the development of low cost production methods.
Brandhorst, H. W., Jr.↗
Status of silicon solar cell technology
Major progress in solar cell technology leading to increased efficiency has occurred since 1970. Technical approaches leading to this increased output include surface texturing, improved antireflection coatings, reduced grid pattern area coverage, shallow junctions and back surface fields. The status of these developments and their incorporation into cell production is discussed. Future research and technology trends leading to further efficiency increases and substantial cost reductions are described.
Brandhorst, H. W., Jr.↗
Sensitivity of solar-cell performance to atmospheric variables. 2: Dissimilar cells at several locations
Several solar cells having dissimilar spectral response curves and cell construction were measured at various locations in the United States to determine sensitivity of cell performance to atmospheric water vapor and turbidity. The locations selected represent a broad range of summer atmospheric conditions, from clear and dry to turbid and humid. Cell short circuit current under direct normal incidence sunlight, the intensity, water vapor and turbidity were measured. Regression equations were developed from the limited data base in order to provide a single method of prediction of cell current sensitivity to the atmospheric variables.
Klucher, T. M.↗
Improved method of solar-cell assembly
Method bonds solar-cell modules between rigid or flexible base and plastic protective cover. Method relies on using one of several commercially-available, transparent, silicone adhesives as bonding agent. Should it ever be necessary to repair or replace some part of assembly, it may be possible to remove cover without destroying package since adhesive remains flexible.
Broder, J. D.↗
Method of making encapsulated solar cell modules
Electrical connections to solar cells in a module are made at the same time the cells are encapsulated for protection. The encapsulating material is embossed to facilitate the positioning of the cells during assembly.
Anagnostou, E.↗