Unlocking the Full Potential of Rooftop PV In India Using Consumer Adoption Modeling [Slides]
This slide deck provides an analysis about adoption of Distributed PV in India using NREL's dGen model.
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Results for “Pv”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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PV Reference Cells for Outdoor Use: Comparison of First-Year Field Measurements
Reference cells are widely used in the photovoltaic (PV) industry to measure irradiance. For field applications and outdoor use, a variety of products are on the market, and they are often perceived as low-cost alternatives to thermopile pyranometers. But reference cell characteristics, such as directional and spectral response, fundamentally differ from pyranometers, and measurements made by the former cannot be substituted for or directly compared with the latter. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Solar Radiation Research Laboratory is currently in a multiyear effort to develop guidance and recommendations for the design and use of outdoor reference cells, with a view to reducing inconsistencies and measurement uncertainty. The core of this effort is the long-term deployment of multiple products from different manufacturers that are mounted at a fixed tilt, on a single-axis tracker, and on a dual-axis tracker. This report provides an analysis of the data collected during the first year of operation at the NREL location. An overall assessment is made by comparing the total energy measured by each instrument to the other instruments having the same orientation. These totals are calculated for three different scenarios: (1) using the factory calibration factors, (2) using the previously determined NREL Cell Lab calibration factors, and (3) using the newly determined field calibration factors derived from the recorded measurements. Because the true or correct measurement values are unknown, pair-wise comparisons are made. The results show that the difference between the highest and lowest measured energy can exceed 3% when using the factory calibration factors. Consistency among instruments improves when Cell Lab calibrations are used, and it further improves when using field calibration factors.
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Analysis of Reactive Power Load Modeling Techniques for PV Impact Studies [Slides]
The increasing availability of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) data has led to significant improvements in load modeling accuracy. However, since many AMI devices were installed to facilitate billing practices, few utilities record or store reactive power demand measurements from their AMI. When reactive power measurements are unavailable, simplifying assumptions are often applied for load modeling purposes, such as applying constant power factors to the loads. The objective of this work is to quantify the impact that reactive power load modeling practices can have on distribution system analysis, with a particular focus on evaluating the behaviors of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems with advanced inverter capabilities. Quasi-static time-series simulations were conducted after applying a variety of reactive power load modeling approaches, and the results were compared to a baseline scenario in which real and reactive power measurements were available at all customer locations on the circuit. Overall, it was observed that applying constant power factors to loads can lead to significant errors when evaluating customer voltage profiles, but that performing per-phase time-series reactive power allocation can be utilized to reduce these errors by about 6x, on average, resulting in more accurate evaluations of advanced inverter functions.
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Enabling Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FPV) Deployment in Southeast Asia: Overview with Considerations for Aquaculture PV [Slides]
This presentation provides an overview of floating solar photovoltaics (FPV), with specific considerations for Southeast Asia and a focus on aquaculture PV (AquaPV). It was created for the Renewable Energy Buyers Vietnam Working Group, hosted by the Clean Energy Investment Accelerator (CEIA). Both FPV and AquaPV can be found at the intersection of the food-energy-water nexus, with regional implications for energy and food security.
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Data Analytics for Residential PV from Permit to Interconnect (Final Technical Report)
The main objective of this research is to provide novel insights into the effects of permitting, inspection, and interconnection (PII) processes on PV system installations—and in particular, into the relationship between PII processes and adoption timelines. This research can then be used to clarify the potential effect of various process changes on reducing PII timelines, customer cancellation rates, and related costs nationwide. NREL completed this research by assembling a data set of distributed, largely residential rooftop solar systems less than 50 kilowatts in size from participating solar installers. NREL produced five publications describing the effects that PII processes can have on adoption timelines nationwide, in addition to publishing an interactive data viewer with five years of PII cycle time data. This tool can be used by stakeholders to identify potential adoption timelines by local government.
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Optimal Reconfiguaration and Resilient Control Framework for Real-Time Photopholtaic Dispatch to Manage Critical Infrastructure (ReDis-PV)
The consortium is conducting cutting-edge collaborative research that will allow advancing solar energy’s role in strengthening the resilience of the U.S. electricity grid. The U.S Department of Energy Solar Technologies Office (SETO) has awarded 4.6 million to Professor Sukumar Kamalasadan (The University of North Carolina at Charlotte) for the project “Optimal Reconfiguration and Resilient Control Framework for Real-Time Photovoltaic Dispatch to Manage Critical Infrastructure (ReDis-PV)”. The project developed a grid management tool that detects cyber and physical threats and forms dynamic clusters to manage photovoltaic and energy optimally. The project collaborating team includes the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Clemson University, New Mexico State University, Florida International University, Argonne National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory, OPAL-RT Corporation, and Duke Energy.
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International Applications for Floating Solar PV (FPV) [Slides]
Floating solar is a comparatively new concept. Floating solar is about to form a third pillar in the market for solar energy next to ground mounted and rooftop solar. The Asia-Pacific region already dominates the fast-emerging market in floating solar PV (FPV), and it looks set to build on that position as more nations get on board and costs fall. Asia-Pacific is set to increase its market share from 74% in 2020 to 87% in 2026 in terms of global installed FPV capacity. However, since floating solar systems are still a new application, there is a lack of information on its performance, cost, technical complexity, and operations and maintenance (O&M). This seminar series seeks to partially remedy that through presenting case studies that highlight the benefits, challenges, and applications of FPV in South and Southeast Asia.
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Floating PV Potential and Technology Validation [Slides]
This presentation covers, at a high-level, the potential for floating solar PV (FPV) in the United States as well as technology validation approaches and research capabilities at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
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Quantifying and Valuing Fundamental Characteristics and Benefits of Floating PV Systems
This project undertook the first systematic and comprehensive collection of Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) related techno-ecological data across diverse geographic regions of the United States. It examined FPV performance, assessed potential environmental risks and benefits, and provided data to support the development of research protocols for better understanding the impacts of FPV. As part of this process, we conducted a detailed study of four existing FPV sites and three land-based PV (LPV) sites in Florida and California.
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Prefeasibility Assessment for Solar PV and Storage for Critical Community Facilities in Chernihiv, Ukraine [Slides]
A prefeasibility analysis is performed for integrating solar photovoltaics and battery energy storage at four critical facilities in Chernihiv, Ukraine. The facilities were identified by Chernihiv city officials and include Hospital No. 2, the Maternity Hospital, Secondary School No. 11, and Preschool No. 4. The analyses were performed using NREL's REopt decision-support software tool. The analysis identifies potential capacities for PV and battery energy storage to provide both economic and resilience benefits. The conceptual architecture and estimates of key summary financial and performance metrics are presented.
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Conversion of Solar Photons into Electricity: Silicon PV [Slides]
A general overview of silicon PV, presented to the official Latvian delegation to NREL (Latvenergo visit).
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How to Model Batteries (with PV, Stand-Alone, or Hybrids) in SAM and PySAM
This tutorial will be a deep dive into considerations for battery modeling and demonstrating how to model them in SAM, including battery chemistry, thermal modeling, degradation/lifetime, dispatch, interconnection limits and curtailment, and their associated impacts on project profits and battery lifetime. By the end of the tutorial attendees will know how to size and model both behind-the-meter and front-of-meter battery systems, including financial analysis and pairing with other PV models (including pvlib) via PySAM.
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Stability-Augmented Optimal Control of Hybrid PV Plants with Very High Penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (SAPPHIRE)
The Stability-Augmented Optimal Control of Hybrid PV Plants with Very High Penetration of Inverter-based Resources (SAPPHIRE) project team developed and demonstrated advanced modeling, control, and monitoring tools to address the stability challenges of operating power systems with high shares of inverter-based resources (IBRs).
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Dronebase Photovoltaic (PV) Fleet Imagery Quantitative Evaluation (CRADA CRD-22-22941 Final Report)
Combine the Dronebase aerial imagery with corresponding sites in the NLR Photovoltaic (PV) Fleets database. By combining these two data sources in an aggregated, anonymized fashion, we can perform the following analyses: quantifying power loss due to outages caused by stuck trackers, string outages, and shading/snow, validate site metadata, including tilt and azimuth, and correlate.
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XA21-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is dose dependent
The rice receptor kinase XA21 confers broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease. To investigate the relationship between the expression level of XA21 and resulting resistance, we generated independent HA-XA21 transgenic rice lines accumulating the XA21 immune receptor fused with an HA epitope tag. Whole-genome sequence analysis identified the T-DNA insertion sites in sixteen independent T0 events. Further, through quantification of the HA-XA21 protein and assessment of the resistance to Xoo strain PXO99 in six independent transgenic lines, we observed that XA21-mediated resistance is dose dependent. In contrast, based on the four agronomic traits quantified in these experiments, yield is unlikely to be affected by the expression level of HA-XA21 . These findings extend our knowledge of XA21-mediated defense and contribute to the growing number of well-defined genomic landing pads in the rice genome that can be targeted for gene insertion without compromising yield.
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Mutation of the rice XA21 predicted nuclear localization sequence does not affect resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Background: The rice receptor kinase XA21 confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ). We previously reported that XA21 is cleaved in transgenic plants overexpressing XA21 with a GFP tag ( Ubi -XA21-GFP) and that the released C-terminal domain is localized to the nucleus. XA21 carries a predicted nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that directs the C-terminal domain to the nucleus in transient assays, whereas alanine substitutions in the NLS disrupt the nuclear localization. Methods: To determine if the predicted NLS is required for XA21-mediated immunity in planta , we generated transgenic plants overexpressing an XA21 variant carrying the NLS with the same alanine substitutions ( Ubi -XA21nls-GFP). Results: Ubi- XA21nls-GFP plants displayed slightly longer lesion lengths, higher Xoo bacterial populations after inoculation and lower levels of reactive oxygen species production compared with the Ubi- XA21-GFP control plants. However, the Ubi- XA21nls-GFP plants express lower levels of protein than that observed in Ubi- XA21-GFP. Discussion: These results demonstrate that the predicted NLS is not required for XA21-mediated immunity.
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U.S. PV-Suitable Rooftop Resources
This dataset contains zipcode resolution estimates of suitable area on small (1,000-5,000 m^2), medium (5,000-10,000 m^2) and large (>10,000 m^2) buildings' rooftops for PV deployment.
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Bifacial PV test-bed irradiance measurements
Data for 2 front-facing and 4 rear-facing IMT irradiance sensors placed on a scaled-down setup that replicate a PV array in a highly-reflective rooftop. The test-bed consist of 3 rows of 20x2ft aluminum sheets (the “panels”), supported by a Unistrut structure, with 6 irradiance sensors (IMT) measuring front and rear irradiance in the center module of the center row. High quality weather-station data available
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