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At least 937 records · Page 52
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2025

Assessing Commercialization Strategies for Evolving Network Demand (ASCEND) in the NASA Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program

What will NASA’s future communications demand and expenditure look like, in a paradigm where space policy encourages maximum private sector involvement? In this paper we consider this question, as NASA moves towards commercial procurement for Direct-To-Earth and Space Relay communication services. We develop a new quantitative Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) model capable of evaluating the incremental cost over time to NASA of utilizing commercial communication services, for different mission and market scenarios. We find that current and future NASA demand could be viably procured from commercial services, with the potential to reduce cost using non-exclusive networks and the sharing of fixed costs. However, there is a key trade-off identified between maximizing economies of scale benefits and ensuring sufficient competition between communication providers to avoid collusion and excessive pricing. For example, procuring from 1-2 providers would maximize scale economies, whereas procuring from 5-6 providers would maximize competition. Given this context, it would be prudent to seek to award service contracts for 3-4 providers to optimize economies of scale benefits, while mitigating possible market collusion. These recommendations enable NASA to successfully achieve its scientific mission over the next decade, while managing limited financial and networking resources.

NSN↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A NASA Flight Surgeon Survey for Space Radiation Risk Communication

NASA has recently completed an uncrewed mission to lunar orbit with the Artemis I mission and continues to plan future crewed missions to the lunar surface and beyond. Astronauts are exposed to various spaceflight hazards including space radiation, which comprises a complex mixture of high linear-energy-transfer (LET) particles that differ appreciably from typical terrestrial exposures. As NASA embarks on missions beyond low-earth-orbit, crew members are expected to accumulate greater exposures than have been measured previously. Consequently, tools that effectively communicate space radiation health risks are important for mission planning. In addition to other spaceflight hazards, NASA flight surgeons are tasked with communicating space radiation risks to crew members for flight certification and informed consent of spaceflight hazards. In keeping with recommendations of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine1 (NASEM), NASA is engaged in improving its risk communication tools. In an effort to improve these tools, this presentation provides NASA flight surgeon responses to a survey that solicits information about the primary concerns of space radiation health risks and best approaches for risk communication.

Rania W Ghatas↗
DOE OSTI2014

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface ('PAMI') or a parallel computer, the parallel computer including a plurality of compute nodes that execute a parallel application, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution of a compute node, including specification of a client, a context, and a task, the compute nodes and the endpoints coupled for data communications instruction, the instruction characterized by instruction type, the instruction specifying a transmission of transfer data from the origin endpoint to a target endpoint and transmitting, in accordance witht the instruction type, the transfer data from the origin endpoin to the target endpoint.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

Eager send data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints that specify a client, a context, and a task, including receiving an eager send data communications instruction with transfer data disposed in a send buffer characterized by a read/write send buffer memory address in a read/write virtual address space of the origin endpoint; determining for the send buffer a read-only send buffer memory address in a read-only virtual address space, the read-only virtual address space shared by both the origin endpoint and the target endpoint, with all frames of physical memory mapped to pages of virtual memory in the read-only virtual address space; and communicating by the origin endpoint to the target endpoint an eager send message header that includes the read-only send buffer memory address.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

Eager send data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints that specify a client, a context, and a task, including receiving an eager send data communications instruction with transfer data disposed in a send buffer characterized by a read/write send buffer memory address in a read/write virtual address space of the origin endpoint; determining for the send buffer a read-only send buffer memory address in a read-only virtual address space, the read-only virtual address space shared by both the origin endpoint and the target endpoint, with all frames of physical memory mapped to pages of virtual memory in the read-only virtual address space; and communicating by the origin endpoint to the target endpoint an eager send message header that includes the read-only send buffer memory address.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Reliable Communication Models in Interdependent Critical Infrastructure Networks

Modern critical infrastructure networks are becoming increasingly interdependent where the failures in one network may cascade to other dependent networks, causing severe widespread national-scale failures. A number of previous efforts have been made to analyze the resiliency and robustness of interdependent networks based on different models. However, communication network, which plays an important role in today's infrastructures to detect and handle failures, has attracted little attention in the interdependency studies, and no previous models have captured enough practical features in the critical infrastructure networks. In this paper, we study the interdependencies between communication network and other kinds of critical infrastructure networks with an aim to identify vulnerable components and design resilient communication networks. We propose several interdependency models that systematically capture various features and dynamics of failures spreading in critical infrastructure networks. We also discuss several research challenges in building reliable communication solutions to handle failures in these models.

Lee, Sangkeun↗
DOE OSTI2017

Monitoring devices and systems for monitoring frequency hopping wireless communications, and related methods

Monitoring devices and systems comprise a plurality of data channel modules coupled to processing circuitry. Each data channel module of the plurality of data channel modules is configured to capture wireless communications for a selected frequency channel. The processing circuitry is configured to receive captured wireless communications from the plurality of data channel modules and to organize received wireless communications according to at least one parameter. Related methods of monitoring wireless communications are also disclosed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Efficient Certificate Verification for Vehicle-to-Grid Communications

While public charging stations are typically used for Electric Vehicle (EV) such as charging, home microgrids that may act as private charging stations are also expected to be used for meeting the increased EV charging demands in the future. Such home microgrids can be accessible through their smart meters, which makes advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) a viable alternative for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communications. However, to ensure secure V2G communications using public-keys, smart meters will need to maintain certificate revocation lists (CRLs) not just for the AMI network but also for large number of EVs that may interact with them. For resource-constrained smart meters, this will increase the storage requirements and introduce additional overhead in terms of delay and CRL maintenance. To eliminate this burden, we propose keeping merely non-revoked certificates that belong to EVs, which are usually driven within the vicinity of that particular microgrid. The motivation comes from the fact that it is inefficient to distribute and store a large CRL that has revocation information about all EVs in the whole system as most of these EVs will never come to the geographic vicinity of that home microgrid. The approach ensures that any status changes of these certificates are communicated to the smart meters. We implemented the proposed approach in a realistic V2G communication scenario by using IEEE 802.11s mesh as the underlying AMI infrastructure using ns-3 simulator. The results confirmed that the proposed approach significantly reduces the certificate verification time and the storage requirements on smart meters.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Multimodal Communication System

Current communications modules operate as a point-to-point radio. This system operates in a point-to-multipoint utilizing multiple radio frequencies for both high bandwidth data to satellite communication. This communication module further allows for multiple users to interact with the communication system in a true cloud type application so that the modules can be handled in a fleet situation.

Vacaliuc, Bogdan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Device and method for detecting presence of a wireless communication device

A device and method for detecting presence of a wireless communication device having an antenna with intrinsic characteristics includes a transmitter, a receiver, a memory element, and a processing element. The transmitter may send a first signal to the antenna of the wireless communication device. The receiver may receive a second signal from the antenna of the wireless communication device, the second signal being a first portion of the first signal that is reflected by the antenna based on intrinsic characteristics of the antenna. The memory element may store intrinsic characteristic information for the antenna. The processing element may determine presence of the wireless communication device by analyzing the second signal against the intrinsic characteristic information stored in the memory element.

Allnutt, Daniel↗
DOE OSTI2020

Interactive Visualizations for Communicating Compliance and Sustainability Statements in Annual Site Environmental Reports - 20419

The annual reports of organizations are a recurring type of public disclosure that communicates what an organization has done and/or plans to do. Worldwide, organizations use annual reports as powerful instruments for communication that is rich in narrative content and visuals. From the perspective of the leadership of an organization, statutory annual reports are communication devices to stakeholders. By analogy, from the perspective of stakeholders, the annual reports are learning devices that presents stakeholders with contents to generate knowledge about an organization. We have chosen the online accessible U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Annual Site Environmental Reports (ASERs) as a collection of resources for communicating and learning the environmental management strategies on environmental compliance and environmental sustainability. Environmental Compliance 'consists of regulatory compliance and monitoring programs that implement federal, state, and local requirements, agreements, and permits.' Environmental Sustainability 'promotes and integrates initiatives such as energy and natural resource conservation, waste minimization, green remediation, and the use of sustainable products and services.' Interactive visualizations of textual data designed with visual analytics software can allow stakeholders to interact with statements on the environmental management strategies by performing diverse actions that promote learning. These actions include annotating, comparing, filtering, navigating, selecting and sharing relevant statements. We expect that the possibility of these multiple actions in an interactive manner help stakeholders to learn more effectively about the environmental strategies at U.S. DOE sites. The current case study for the project is a collection of 1,894 annotated (value-added) statements (sentence text) from the eight chapters of the 2017 Savanah River Site (SRS) annual site environmental report. The preliminary interactive visualizations are available online. (authors)

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

CommAwareNet: Towards Communication‐Aware Smart Facilities: Designing an Energy‐Efficient High‐Data‐Rate and Reliable Hybrid THz/VLC Comm. Arch. Reinforced with Intelligent Surfaces for Future Network

This project will develop foundations for energy-efficient, high-data-rate, and reliable communication links for next-generation advanced wireless technologies. The Internet of Everything is emerging as a major technology that can establish a massively connected network among both human-type users and machine-type devices. Particularly, massive machine-type communication is becoming the dominant communication paradigm for numerous emerging areas, including data center networking and wireless backhaul, healthcare (e-health), manufacturing (industry 4.0), utilities, transportation (connected cars and public safety), and virtual or augmented reality for human-machine interaction applications. The rising demand for high data rates, especially in indoor scenarios and densely populated outdoor environments, will eventually overload conventional RF-based technologies. This project aims to conduct fundamental research to design, optimize, and validate a communication-aware, energy-efficient, and reliable network (CommAwareNet) architecture for future smart facilities and environments that require unprecedented high throughput needs for massive numbers of the machine- and human-type users. The scientific and technical merit of this work lies in the research required to bring the proposed transformative CommAwareNet solution into fully functional and practical architecture.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effective Communication of Energy Science and Technology

Although research, development, and deployment of advanced energy technologies are essential for the clean energy transition, communication about these technologies is equally important to their success. Energy is part of everyday life; therefore, changes in energy systems should be accepted by communities and industries. Yet details about energy generation, transmission, and environmental impacts are complex. The combination of commonality and complexity requires communications to use visualization, localization, narrative, and understandable terminology to reach a range of stakeholders. Collaboration between technology experts and communications professionals builds integrity and accessibility of energy information that enables community-based solutions for energy.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS2003

Daytime adaptive optics for deep space optical communications

The deep space optical communications subsystem offers a higher bandwidth communications link in smaller size, lower mass, and lower power consumption subsystem than does RF. To demonstrate the benefit of this technology to deep space communications NASA plans to launch an optical telecommunications package on the 2009 Mars Telecommunications orbiter spacecraft. Current performance goals are 30-Mbps from opposition, and 1-Mbps near conjunction (-3 degrees Sun-Earth-Probe angle). Yet, near conjunction the background noise from the day sky will degrade the performance of the optical link. Spectral and spatial filtering and higher modulation formats can mitigate the effects of background sky. Narrowband spectral filters can result in loss of link margin, and higher modulation formats require higher transmitted peak powers. In contrast, spatial filtering at the receiver has the potential of being lossless while providing the required sky background rejection. Adaptive optics techniques can correct wave front aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence and enable near-diffraction-limited performance of the receiving telescope. Such performance facilitates spatial filtering, and allows the receiver field-of-view and hence the noise from the sky background to be reduced.

adaptive optics↗
NASA NTRS2012

Hybrid Ground Station Technology for RF and Optical Communication Links

To support future enhancements of NASA's deep space and planetary communications and tracking services, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is developing a hybrid ground station that will be capable of simultaneously supporting RF and optical communications. The main reason for adding optical links to the existing RF links is to significantly increase the capacity of deep space communications in support of future solar system exploration. It is envisioned that a mission employing an optical link will also use an RF link for telemetry and emergency purposes, hence the need for a hybrid ground station. A hybrid station may also reduce operations cost by requiring fewer staff than would be required to operate two stations. A number of approaches and techniques have been examined. The most promising ones have been prototyped for field examination and validation.

Radio frequency (RF) communications↗
NASA NTRS2017

A COTS RF/Optical Software Defined Radio for the Integrated Radio and Optical Communications Test Bed

The Integrated Radio and Optical Communications (iROC) project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is investigating the merits of a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and optical communication system for deep space missions. In an effort to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of a hybrid RF/Optical software defined radio (SDR), a laboratory prototype was assembled from primarily commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware components. This COTS platform has been used to demonstrate simultaneous transmission of the radio and optical communications waveforms through to the physical layer (telescope and antenna). This paper details the hardware and software used in the platform and various measures of its performance. A laboratory optical receiver platform has also been assembled in order to demonstrate hybrid free space links in combination with the transmitter.

waveforms↗
NASA NTRS2016

An Optical Receiver Post-Processing System for the Integrated Radio and Optical Communications Software Defined Radio Test Bed

The Integrated Radio and Optical Communications (iROC) project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Glenn Research Center is investigating the feasibility of a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and optical communication system for future deep space missions. As a part of this investigation, a test bed for a radio frequency (RF) and optical software defined radio (SDR) has been built. Receivers and modems for the NASA deep space optical waveform are not commercially available so a custom ground optical receiver system has been built. This paper documents the ground optical receiver, which is used in order to test the RF and optical SDR in a free space optical communications link.

optical communication↗