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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Geospatial and Information Substitution and Anonymization Tool (GISA)

The Geospatial and Information Substitution and Anonymization Tool (GISA) incorporates techniques for obfuscating identifiable information from point data or documents, while simultaneously maintaining chosen variables to enable future use and meaningful analysis. This approach promotes collaboration and data sharing while also reducing the risk of exposure to sensitive information. GISA can be used in a number of different ways, including the anonymization of point spatial data, batch replacement/removal of user-specified terms from file names and from within file content, and aid with the selection and redaction of images and terms based on recommendations using natural language processing. Version 1 of the tool, published here, has updated functionality and enhanced capabilities to the beta version published in 2023. Please see User Documentation for further information on capabilities, as well as a guide for how to download and use the tool. If there are any feedback you would like to provide for the tool, please reach out with your feedback to edxsupport@netl.doe.gov. Disclaimer: This project was funded by the United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, in part, through a site support contract. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor the support contractor, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. The Geospatial and Information Substitution and Anonymization Tool (GISA) was developed jointly through the U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management’s EDX4CCS Project, in part, from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.

Bipartisan Infrastructure Law↗
DOE OSTI2025

Control Selection for the Neutralization Tank in the Aqueous Recovery System at SRPPF

• Neutralization and solidification is the last step in the Aqueous Recovery Process • All waste streams are acidic and must be neutralized before being combined with grout in a solidification drum • The neutralization tank is a 250 L, 24” diameter, 45” high tank • The batch tank is a 125 L tank • The solidification drum is a 55-gallon drum, pre-filled with grout & a sacrificial mixing paddle • Normal mass in neutralization tank: 50 g Pu • Normal mass in batch tank or drum: 25 g Pu

Dressman, Phillip M. [Savannah River Nuclear Solut↗
DOE OSTI2014

Summary Of Cold Crucible Vitrification Tests Results With Savannah River Site High Level Waste Surrogates

The cold crucible inductive melting (CCIM) technology successfully applied for vitrification of low- and intermediate-level waste (LILW) at SIA Radon, Russia, was tested to be implemented for vitrification of high-level waste (HLW) stored at Savannah River Site, USA. Mixtures of Sludge Batch 2 (SB2) and 4 (SB4) waste surrogates and borosilicate frits as slurries were vitrified in bench- (236 mm inner diameter) and full-scale (418 mm inner diameter) cold crucibles. Various process conditions were tested and major process variables were determined. Melts were poured into 10L canisters and cooled to room temperature in air or in heat-insulated boxes by a regime similar to Canister Centerline Cooling (CCC) used at DWPF. The products with waste loading from ~40 to ~65 wt.% were investigated in details. The products contained 40 to 55 wt.% waste oxides were predominantly amorphous; at higher waste loadings (WL) spinel structure phases and nepheline were present. Normalized release values for Li, B, Na, and Si determined by PCT procedure remain lower than those from EA glass at waste loadings of up to 60 wt.%.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

Determining the Solubility Behavior of Kogarkoite in Simulated Nuclear Waste

Kogarkoite (Na 3 FSO 4 ) is a sparingly soluble fluoride–sulfate double salt that has been identified in high level nuclear waste sludge at the Hanford Site and, more recently, in sludge batch compilation samples at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Due to its complex dissolution behavior, which exhibits an inverse dependence on sodium ion activity, the presence of this mineral poses significant challenges to waste retrieval and processing. Incomplete dissolution during sludge washing can lead to the retention of fluoride and sulfate in the high-level waste feed, potentially causing the formation of corrosive, immiscible molten salt layers, known as "glass gall,” in vitrification melters. Current efforts to optimize flowsheet parameters and wash-water volumes are hindered by the absence of a commercially available, certified reference material, which prevents the accurate calibration of analytical methods and the verification of dissolution kinetics. To address this critical gap, this research focuses on the laboratory synthesis of pure Kogarkoite to serve as a standard for comprehensive solubility and washing performance testing. A coupled synthesis and simulant campaign was executed using an evaporative crystallization protocol designed to replicate the dynamic concentration effects observed in tank farm operations. Thirteen simulant matrices were prepared by dissolving systematically varied ratios of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) in deionized water under three distinct caustic regimes: 0.0 g (control), 4.0 g (~1 M), and 12.0 g (~3 M) sodium hydroxide (NaOH). While thermodynamic equilibrium models suggest that high-caustic environments should favor the stability of the double salt7, results from this evaporative study at 25 0 C revealed a distinct kinetic divergence. Simulants with high hydroxide loading predominantly yielded large, blocky crystals of sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O). Successful synthesis of pure Kogarkoite was achieved exclusively in specific NaOH-free compositional windows, where the precipitate manifested as fine, opaque granular aggregates. Ion chromatography (IC) analysis confirmed phase purity through the simultaneous stoichiometric depletion of both fluoride and sulfate from the supernatant. This successful synthesis establishes a reproducible route to generate bulk Kogarkoite, enabling the subsequent phase of quantitative dissolution testing using inhibited water to optimize sludge-batch assembly.

Sarker, Md Sharif [Florida International Univ. (FI↗
DOE OSTI2016

Design and synthesis of model and practical palladium catalysts using atomic layer deposition

Here, we investigated the “one-batch” synthesis of model and practical palladium catalysts using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Two types of model catalysts and one type of powder-based nanocatalyst were synthesized simultaneously by ALD under viscous flow conditions. In addition, Pd/TiO 2 (110) model catalysts were prepared by the identical ALD process but under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Because of the self-limiting surface reaction that defines ALD, the local structure of all the Pd catalysts were essentially the same as confirmed by a suite of microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques. A comprehensive understanding of the Pd-based catalysts was achieved by applying both surface science probes and advanced synchrotron techniques, and by strategically selecting the catalyst substrate best suited for each characterization. Both X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray resonant photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that Pd only weakly interacted with the TiO 2 support. The one-batch synthesis approach facilitated by ALD can potentially bridge the “synthesis gap” between model catalysts and practical catalysts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Anaerobic co-digestion of sugarcane press mud with vinasse on methane yield

Highlights: • Press mud and vinasse co-digestion was investigated. •Methane yield during co-digestion was 64% higher to mono-digestion. • Press mud and vinasse co-digestion increased process stability. - Abstract: The conversion efficiency of high solids waste digestion as sugarcane press mud (P) may be limited due to hydrolysis step. The option of co-digestion with vinasse, main liquid waste generated from ethanol production, was investigated under batch regime at mesophilic conditions (37.5 ± 1 °C) and the best mixture was evaluated under semicontinuous regime in stirred-tank reactors. The maximum values for methane yield in batch tests were for V{sub 75}/P{sub 25} and V{sub 50}/P{sub 50} mixtures (on basis of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) percentage added in the mixture), with an average value of 246 N mL CH{sub 4} g{sup −1} COD{sub fed}, which was 13% higher than that of press mud alone. A highest methane production rate of 69.6 N mL CH{sub 4} g{sup −1} COD{sub fed}{sup −1} d{sup −1} was obtained for the mixtureV{sub 75}/P{sub 25}. During the experiment carried out in CSTR reactors, the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased from 0.5 up to 2.2 g VS L{sup −1} d{sup −1}. Methane yields of 365 L CH{sub 4} kg{sup −1} VS and biogas productivities of 1.6 L L{sup −1} were obtained in co-digestion, which was 64% higher in comparison to mono-digestion. The performance of the process in mono-digestion was less stable than in co-digestion, with a significant fall of methane yield to 1.8 kg VS m{sup −3} d{sup −1}, and a partial inhibition of the methanogenic archaeas when the OLR was increased up to 2.2 kg VS m{sup −3} d{sup −1}. The co-digestion of vinasse with press mud is a good option for the treatment of streams at the alcohol-sugar industry.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2012

Behavior of Mercury During DWPF Chemical Process Cell Processing

The Defense Waste Processing Facility has experienced significant issues with the stripping and recovery of mercury in the Chemical Processing Cell (CPC). The stripping rate has been inconsistent, often resulting in extended processing times to remove mercury to the required endpoint concentration. The recovery of mercury in the Mercury Water Wash Tank has never been high, and has decreased significantly since the Mercury Water Wash Tank was replaced after the seventh batch of Sludge Batch 5. Since this time, essentially no recovery of mercury has been seen. Pertinent literature was reviewed, previous lab-scale data on mercury stripping and recovery was examined, and new lab-scale CPC Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) runs were conducted. For previous lab-scale data, many of the runs with sufficient mercury recovery data were examined to determine what factors affect the stripping and recovery of mercury and to improve closure of the mercury material balance. Ten new lab-scale SRAT runs (HG runs) were performed to examine the effects of acid stoichiometry, sludge solids concentration, antifoam concentration, form of mercury added to simulant, presence of a SRAT heel, operation of the SRAT condenser at higher than prototypic temperature, varying noble metals from none to very high concentrations, and higher agitation rate. Data from simulant runs from SB6, SB7a, glycolic/formic, and the HG tests showed that a significant amount of Hg metal was found on the vessel bottom at the end of tests. Material balance closure improved from 12-71% to 48-93% when this segregated Hg was considered. The amount of Hg segregated as elemental Hg on the vessel bottom was 4-77% of the amount added. The highest recovery of mercury in the offgas system generally correlated with the highest retention of Hg in the slurry. Low retention in the slurry (high segregation on the vessel bottom) resulted in low recovery in the offgas system. High agitation rates appear to result in lower retention of mercury in the slurry. Both recovery of mercury in the offgas system and removal (segregation + recovery) from the slurry correlate with slurry consistency. Higher slurry consistency results in better retention of Hg in the slurry (less segregation) and better recovery in the offgas system, but the relationships of recovery and retention with consistency are sludge dependent. Some correlation with slurry yield stress and acid stoichiometry was also found. Better retention of mercury in the slurry results in better recovery in the offgas system because the mercury in the slurry is stripped more easily than the segregated mercury at the bottom of the vessel. Although better retention gives better recovery, the time to reach a particular slurry mercury content (wt%) is longer than if the retention is poorer because the segregation is faster. The segregation of mercury is generally a faster process than stripping. The stripping factor (mass of water evaporated per mass of mercury stripped) of mercury at the start of boiling were found to be less than 1000 compared to the assumed design basis value of 750 (the theoretical factor is 250). However, within two hours, this value increased to at least 2000 lb water per lb Hg. For runs with higher mercury recovery in the offgas system, the stripping factor remained around 2000, but runs with low recovery had stripping factors of 4000 to 40,000. DWPF data shows similar trends with the stripping factor value increasing during boiling. These high values correspond to high segregation and low retention of mercury in the sludge. The stripping factor for a pure Hg metal bead in water was found to be about 10,000 lb/lb. About 10-36% of the total Hg evaporated in a SRAT cycle was refluxed back to the SRAT during formic acid addition and boiling. Mercury is dissolved as a result of nitric acid formation from absorption of NO x . The actual solubility of dissolved mercury in the acidic condensate is about 100 times higher than the actual concentrations measured. Mercury metal present in the MWWT from previous batches could be dissolved by this acidic condensate. The test of the effect of higher SRAT condenser temperature on recovery of mercury in the MWWT and offgas system was inconclusive. The recovery at higher temperature was lower than several low temperature runs, but about the same as other runs. Factors other than temperature appear to affect the mercury recovery. The presence of chloride and iodide in simulants resulted in the formation of mercurous chloride and mercurous iodide, respectively, in the offgas system. Actual waste data shows that the chloride content is much less than the simulant concentrations. Future simulant tests should minimize the addition of chloride. Similarly, iodine addition should be eliminated unless actual waste analyses show it to be present; currently, total iodine is not measured on actual waste samples.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Scalable nanomanufacturing of chalcogenide inks: a case study on thermoelectric V–VI nanoplates

Solution-processed semiconducting main-group chalcogenides (MMCs) have attracted increasing research interest for next-generation device technologies owing to their unique nanostructures and superior properties. To achieve the full potential of MMCs, the development of highly universal, scalable, and sustainable synthesis and processing methods of chalcogenide particles is thus becoming progressively more important. Here we studied scalable factors for the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) V–VI chalcogenide nanoplates (M 2 Q 3 : M = Sb, Bi; Q = Se, Te) and systematically investigated their colloidal behaviour and chemical stability. Based on a solvent engineering technique, we demonstrated scale-up syntheses of MMCs up to a 900% increase of batch size compared with conventional hydrazine-based gram-level syntheses, and such a scalable approach is highly applicable to various binary and ternary MMCs. Furthermore, we studied the stability of printable chalcogenide nanoparticle inks with several formulation factors including solvents, additives, and pH values, resulting in inks with high chemical stability (>4 months). As a proof of concept, we applied our solution-processed chalcogenide particles to multiple additive manufacturing methods, confirming the high printability and processability of MMC inks. Furthermore, the ability to combine the top-down designing freedom of additive manufacturing with bottom-up scalable synthesis of chalcogenide particles promises great opportunities for large-scale design and manufacturing of chalcogenide-based functional devices for broad application.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

NGPINT V3: a containerized orchestration Python software for discovery of next-generation protein–protein interactions

Abstract Summary Batch yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays, leveraged with next-generation sequencing, have afforded successful innovations for the analysis of protein–protein interactions. NGPINT is a Conda-based software designed to process the millions of raw sequencing reads resulting from Y2H–next-generation interaction screens. Over time, increasing compatibility and dependency issues have prevented clean NGPINT installation and operation. A system-wide update was essential to continue effective use with its companion software, Y2H-SCORES. We present NGPINT V3, a containerized implementation built with both Singularity and Docker, allowing accessibility across virtually any operating system and computing environment. Availability and implementation This update includes streamlined dependencies and container images hosted on Sylabs (https://cloud.sylabs.io/library/schuyler/ngpint/ngpint) and Dockerhub (https://hub.docker.com/r/schuylerds/ngpint), facilitating easier adoption and integration into high-throughput and cloud-computing workflows. Full instructions and software can be also found in the GitHub repository https://github.com/Wiselab2/NGPINT_V3 and Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15256036.

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology↗
DOE OSTI2024

Feedstock variability impacts the bioconversion of sugar and lignin streams derived from corn stover by Clostridium tyrobutyricum and engineered Pseudomonas putida

Abstract Feedstock variability represents a challenge in lignocellulosic biorefineries, as it can influence both lignocellulose deconstruction and microbial conversion processes for biofuels and biochemicals production. The impact of feedstock variability on microbial performance remains underexplored, and predictive tools for microbial behaviour are needed to mitigate risks in biorefinery scale‐up. Here, twelve batches of corn stover were deconstructed via deacetylation, mechanical refining, and enzymatic hydrolysis to generate lignin‐rich and sugar streams. These batches and their derived streams were characterised to identify their chemical components, and the streams were used as substrates for producing muconate and butyrate by engineered Pseudomonas putida and wildtype Clostridium tyrobutyricum , respectively. Bacterial performance (growth, product titers, yields, and productivities) differed among the batches, but no strong correlations were identified between feedstock composition and performance. To provide metabolic insights into the origin of these differences, we evaluated the effect of twenty‐three isolated chemical components on these microbes, including three components in relevant bioprocess settings in bioreactors, and we found that growth‐inhibitory concentrations were outside the ranges observed in the streams. Overall, this study generates a foundational dataset on P. putida and C. tyrobutyricum performance to enable future predictive models and underscores their resilience in effectively converting fluctuating lignocellulose‐derived streams into bioproducts.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Comprehensive metabolomic, lipidomic and microscopic profiling of Yarrowia lipolytica during lipid accumulation identifies targets for increased lipogenesis

Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous ascomycete yeast that accumulates large amounts of lipids and has potential as a biofuel producing organism. Despite a growing scientific literature focused on lipid production by Y. lipolytica, there remain significant knowledge gaps regarding the key biological processes involved. We applied a combination of metabolomic and lipidomic profiling approaches as well as microscopic techniques to identify and characterize the key pathways involved in de novo lipid accumulation from glucose in batch cultured, wild-type Y. lipolytica. We found that lipids accumulated rapidly and peaked at 48 hours during the five day experiment, concurrent with a shift in amino acid metabolism. We also report that Y. lipolytica secretes disaccharides early in batch culture and reabsorbs them when extracellular glucose is depleted. Exhaustion of extracellular sugars coincided with thickening of the cell wall, suggesting that genes involved in cell wall biogenesis may be a useful target for improving the efficiency of lipid producing yeast strains.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Reactive Transport Modeling

This special section in the Vadose Zone Journal focusing on reactive transport modeling was developed from a special symposium jointly sponsored by the Soil Physics and Soil Chemistry Divisions of the Soil Science Society of America at the 2010 annual meetings held in Long Beach, CA. It contains eight contributions reflecting a diverse range of reactive transport modeling applications that address the fate and transport of both reactive solutes and colloidal material (i.e., viruses). Further, the eight studies range in scale from laboratory batch and column experiments to the regional scale. Three of the submissions reflect efforts to model experimental data that were already reported in the literature, providing additional insight concerning underlying physical and chemical processes. In addition to the obvious predictive applications, the eight contributions to this special section illustrate the additional advantages to including reactive transport modeling as an active component within a diverse research agenda. In addition to scenario testing, reactive transport modeling provides a framework for synthesizing diverse experimental data, evaluating the relative importance of various competing and interrelated biogeochemical processes, and identifying important data gaps and research priorities under more natural conditions at multiple temporal and spatial scales.

Seaman, J. C.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Development of a Thermal Spray, Redox Stable, Ceramic Anode for Metal Supported SOFC

In this program, GE global research and GE fuel cells in Malta conducted thermal spray optimization experiments, initially focusing on a well-established ceramic anode formulation, lanthanum strontium titanate combined with gadolinium doped ceria. Powder engineering work was conducted both internally and with vendors to develop repeatable, stable, and flowable thermal spray feedstocks. Agglomerate sintering was conducted in the last phase of the project, building on earlier program work, and was used to increase run stability during the longer scaled up runs for the 410 cm 2 cells. Further powder engineering would be needed to fully design a powder ready for full scale manufacturing. During preliminary work on the LST-GDC electrodes, GE demonstrated 100 cm 2 stacks enduring multiple redox cycles with limited impact. Another key finding on the project was the identification of process conditions for two component ceramic anode thermal spray without the formation of phase impurities which were present in all early work on the program. GE global research and West Virginia University screened a large number of ceramic anode formulations, focused on identifying materials with ideal materials properties for use in SOFC anodes. In addition, synthetic scaling research was conducted to increase powder synthesis batch size several orders of magnitude during the course of project work. West Virginia University was able to show button cells using two component ceramic anodes which produced > 890 mW/cm 2 and even a single component SOFC button demonstrating > 1 W/cm 2 performance. These button cell tests show the great potential of these redox stable materials. Down-selected ceramic anode formulations were combined with the optimized thermal spray process methods to first demonstrate multiple groups of 100 cm 2 SOFC stacks able to achieve the power density goals for the project. GE research also quickly investigated the performance of a subset of these formulations on long term degradation tests and assessed their performance on simulated natural gas reformate. In the final phase of the program, scaling activities were employed to translate from the 100cm2 process up to 410 cm 2 . Two large format 10-cell stack tests were completed, and one of these stacks produced 0.987 kW which is one of the highest power demonstrations of ceramic anode, metal support, SOFC technology known to GE. These ceramic anode stacks had been produced with all other materials in the stack held constant, demonstrating the flexibility of the thermal spray process in scaling to very large electrode size.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2013

Ion Exchange Testing with SRF Resin FY2012

Ion exchange using spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde (SRF) resin has been selected by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (DOE-ORP) for use in the Pretreatment Facility (PTF) of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and for potential application in at-tank deployment. Numerous studies have shown SRF resin to be effective for removing 137Cs from a wide variety of actual and simulated tank waste supernatants (Adamson et al. 2006; Blanchard et al. 2008; Burgeson et al. 2004; Duignan and Nash 2009; Fiskum et al. 2006a; Fiskum et al. 2006b; Fiskum et al. 2006c; Fiskum et al. 2007; Hassan and Adu-Wusu 2003; King et al. 2004; Nash et al. 2006). Prior work at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has focused primarily on the loading behavior for 4 to 6 M Na solutions at 25 to 45°C. Recent proposed changes to the WTP ion exchange process baseline indicate that loading may include a broader range of sodium molarities (0.1 to 8 M) and higher temperatures (50°C) to alleviate post-filtration precipitation issues. This report discusses ion exchange loading kinetics testing activities performed in accordance with Test Plan TP-WTPSP-002, Rev. 3.0, which was prepared and approved in response to the Test Specification 24590 PTF-TSP-RT-09-002, Rev. 0 (Lehrman 2010) and Test Exception 24590 PTF TEF RT-11-00003, Rev. 0 (Meehan 2011). This testing focused on column tests evaluating the impact of elevated temperature on resin degradation over an extended period of time and batch contacts evaluating the impact on Cs loading over a broad range of sodium concentrations (0.1 to 5 M). These changes may be required to alleviate post-filtration precipitation issues and broaden the data range of SRF resin loading under the conditions expected with the new equipment and process changes.

Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Pl↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ion Exchange Testing with SRF Resin FY 2012

Ion exchange using spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde (SRF) resin has been selected by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (DOE-ORP) for use in the Pretreatment Facility (PTF) of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and for potential application in at-tank deployment. Numerous studies have shown SRF resin to be effective for removing 137Cs from a wide variety of actual and simulated tank waste supernatants (Adamson et al. 2006; Blanchard et al. 2008; Burgeson et al. 2004; Duignan and Nash 2009; Fiskum et al. 2006a; Fiskum et al. 2006b; Fiskum et al. 2006c; Fiskum et al. 2007; Hassan and Adu-Wusu 2003; King et al. 2004; Nash et al. 2006). Prior work at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has focused primarily on the loading behavior for 4 to 6 M Na solutions at 25 to 45°C. Recent proposed changes to the WTP ion exchange process baseline indicate that loading may include a broader range of sodium molarities (0.1 to 8 M) and higher temperatures (50°C) to alleviate post-filtration precipitation issues. This report discusses ion exchange loading kinetics testing activities performed in accordance with Test Plan TP-WTPSP-002, Rev. 3.01, which was prepared and approved in response to the Test Specification 24590-PTF-TSP-RT-09-002, Rev. 0 (Lehrman 2010) and Test Exception 24590-PTF-TEF-RT-11-00003, Rev. 0 (Meehan 2011). This testing focused on column tests evaluating the impact of elevated temperature on resin degradation over an extended period of time and batch contacts evaluating the impact on Cs loading over a broad range of sodium concentrations (0.1 to 5 M). These changes may be required to alleviate post-filtration precipitation issues and broaden the data range of SRF resin loading under the conditions expected with the new equipment and process changes.

Ion exchange↗
DOE OSTI2014

Trivalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions by a sol–gel synthesized silica adsorbent functionalized with sulphonic acid groups

Highlights: • Corpuscular sulphonic acid-functionalized silica holds improved uptake of chromium. • Mesopores on adsorbent facilitate (CH{sub 3}COO){sub 2}Cr{sup +} ion uptake on sulphonate sites. • Formation of chromium acetate sulphonate complex proposed from XPS results. • Fixed bed chromium uptake results suggest potential industrial use. - Abstract: A high capacity hybrid silica adsorbent was synthesized via sol–gel processing with sulphonic acid groups as trivalent chromium complex ions chelators from aqueous solutions. The synthesis included co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with 3-(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPS), and oxidation of thiol to sulphonic acid groups. Chromium uptake kinetic, batch and fixed-bed experiments were performed to assess the removal of this metal from aqueous solutions. {sup 13}C, {sup 29}Si CPMAS NMR, FTIR, XPS were used to characterize the adsorbent structure and the nature of chromium complexes on the adsorbent surface. Chromium maximum uptake was obtained at pH 3 (72.8 mg/g). Elemental analysis results showed ligand density of 1.48 mmol sulphonic groups/g. About 407 mL of Cr(III) solution (311 mg/L) were treated to breakthrough point reaching ≤0.06 mg/L at the effluent. These results comply with USEPA regulation for chromium concentration in drinking water (≤0.1 mg/L). The adsorbent shows potential to be used in chromium separations to the industrial level.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Virtual Log-Structured Storage for High-Performance Streaming

Over the past decade, given the higher number of data sources (e.g., Cloud applications, Internet of things) and critical business demands, Big Data transitioned from batch-oriented to real-time analytics. Stream storage systems, such as Apache Kafka, are well known for their increasing role in real-time Big Data analytics. For scalable stream data ingestion and processing, they logically split a data stream topic into multiple partitions. Stream storage systems keep multiple data stream copies to protect against data loss while implementing a stream partition as a replicated log. This architectural choice enables simplified development while trading cluster size with performance and the number of streams optimally managed. This paper introduces a shared virtual log-structured storage approach for improving the cluster throughput when multiple producers and consumers write and consume in parallel data streams. Stream partitions are associated with shared replicated virtual logs transparently to the user, effectively separating the implementation of stream partitioning (and data ordering) from data replication (and durability). We implement the virtual log technique in the KerA stream storage system. When comparing with Apache Kafka, KerA improves the cluster ingestion throughput by up to 4x when multiple producers write over hundreds of data streams.

consistent stream ordering↗
DOE OSTI2018

vvtools v. 1.0

Vvtools is a suite of testing tools, with a focus on reproducible verification and validation. They are written in pure Python, and contain a test harness and an automated process management tool. Users of vvtools can develop suites of verification and validation tests and run them on small to large high performance computing resources in an automated and reproducible way. The test harness enables complex processes to be performed in each test and even supports a one-level parent/child dependency between tests. It includes a built in capability to manage workloads requiring multiple processors and platforms that use batch queueing systems.

Drake, RichardR.↗