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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 937 records · Page 52
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

SBN-BD: $\mathcal{O}$(10 GeV) Proton Beam Dump at Fermilab's PIP-II Linac

Proton beam dumps are prolific sources of mesons enabling a powerful technique to search for vector mediator coupling of dark matter to neutral pion and higher mass meson decays. By the end of the decade the PIP-II linac will be delivering up to 1 MW of proton power to the FNAL campus. This includes a significant increase of power to the Booster Neutrino Beamline (BNB) which delivers 8 GeV protons to the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) detectors. By building a new dedicated beam dump target station, and using the SBN detectors, a greater than an order of magnitude increase in search sensitivity for dark matter relative to the recent MiniBooNE beam dump search can be achieved. This modest cost upgrade to the BNB would begin testing models of the highly motivated relic density limit predictions and provide novel ways to test explanations of the anomalous excess of low energy events seen by MiniBooNE.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Time-of-Flight Calculations with Multiple Beam Phase Monitors: Calibration, Jitter Analysis & Energy Measurement

This report describes time-of-flight (ToF) beam energy measurements with multiple phase monitors in a beam line with no acceleration. Measurement uncertainty is quantified via rigorous treatment of beam-based phase monitor calibration and jitter analysis of the accelerator system. Experimental results in the Superconducting Linac (SCL) of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Phase-space tailoring and cooling of charged-particle beams for energy- and intensity-frontier applications

This project addressed accelerator science & technology researches relevant to the Intensity and Energy frontiers by investigating generic techniques to tailor and cool the phase-space distributions of charged-particle beams. Specifically, the project had two main research thrusts: (i) the development of phase-space tailoring techniques using externally-applied electromagnetic fields and (ii) the investigation of phase-space control using the beam’s self-field such as the optical-stochastic cooling (OSC). The work related to the development of phase-space-tailoring techniques leveraged on the research performed under our previous grant DE-SC0011831 where new temporal-shaping methods were proposed and some experimentally demonstrated. The work related to the concept of beam manipulation using self fields, and especially OSC, built on the achievements supported by grant DE-SC0013761 which focused on a OSC proof-of-principle experiment at the Fermilab’s IOTA ring.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

DARHT-II Beam Position Monitor B-Dot Owner’s Manual

Azimuthal arrays of magnetic and electric field detectors are used to measure the position of the centroid of the DARHT relativistic electron beams. These arrays consist of four detectors with 90-degree azimuthal separation. Differencing the opposing detectors and normalizing to the sum of all four gives the position of the beam, subject to negligibly small errors as discussed in Attachment A. This measurement yields the centroid of the current density, independent of the beam azimuthal asymmetry.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Eddy current studies for the beam screen of the Electron-Ion Collider hadron storage ring superconducting magnets

A copper-clad stainless steel beam screen will be installed in each of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) superconducting (SC) magnets used for making the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR). Eddy currents are induced within conductors to oppose a changing magnetic flux. Eddy currents will appear on the EIC HSR beam screens during ramp up and ramp down, after a magnet quenches and when reversing the polarity of the γ transition jump quadrupoles during γ transition crossing. This study evaluates the magnitude of the eddy currents, the temperature increase due to Joule heating and the stress at the beam screens from the eddy-current induced force.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

RFQ Beam Loss and Shielding Consideration

The proposed novel RFQ-based injector for LANSCE operation includes two independent low energy transports merging beams at the entrance of a single RFQ, which accelerates simultaneously both protons and H- ions with multiple flavors of the beams. One of the design issues of the project is the estimation of shielding requirements for the injector. Continuous access to the injector components reduces the number of times required to open the linac tunnel and saves time for the operation. Estimation involves the evaluation of radiation generated by beam losses in the injector. In this paper, we present an overview of the shielding in existing RFQ injectors and discuss the aspects of shielding configuration for the LANSCE RFQ-based injector.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of a Beam Sweeping System for the Fermilab Antiproton Source Target

Intensity of the incident 120-GeV proton beam on the antiproton production target is scheduled to increase to 5x10 12 protons per pulse. To prevent damage to the target, we plan to spread the hot spot on target with a beam sweeping system, Now under development are rotating-field magnets for installation upstream and downstream of the target. These magnets will deflect the beam in a circular pattern on the target. Peak current of 7 kA and peak voltage drop of 6 kV are expected. The power supply, which is separated from the magnet by a distance of about 10 m, utilizes magnetic pulse compression by saturating inductors to drive the magnets through the long transmission lines.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Correcting Diamagnetic-Loop Measurements for Beam Corkscrew Motion

Diamagnetic loops (DML) are used as a non-invasive method for measurements of beam size in electron beam accelerators that use solenoidal magnetic transport. The loop fundamentally measures the magnetic flux excluded by a diamagnetic object. One of the sources of background in these measurements is the flux produced by a straight filamentary current that is offset from the axis and tilted in the plane orthogonal to the offset. This was only a small effect in our experiments, because the beam was steered to be centered on average at the DML. However, we devoted some time to understanding and quantifying the effect, and we recount that effort in this report.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Uncertainty Analysis of the NOvA Test Beam Wire Chambers

The Fermilab Test Beam is a beam designed for R&D for a variety of experiments taking place at Fermilab, for instance the NOvA experiment. An essential component of the NOvA Test Beam is four wire chambers which measure the transverse position of particles travelling along the beamline. Occasionally, a particle will not produce a hit in one of the four wire chambers resulting in a “3 hit track” instead of the usual “4 hit track”. In our research, we explored the possibility of including these 3 hit tracks into analysis, and how they impact relevant statistics.

Scheuermann, Elizabeth↗
DOE OSTI2023

MTA Removable Beam Absorber

Once commissioned, the secondary production beamline in the MeV Test Area (MTA) will require a removable beam absorber for continuous beam operation. A 4"x 4" x 4" copper core encased within steel will absorb the full 15 Hz 400 MeV Fermilab Linac primary proton beam. However the residual activation will constrain work activities in the hall, so a 6” marble casing is proposed entombing the core. Marble has minimal residual activation. This presentation describes the initial concept and planned ANSYS analysis.

Blas, Efren↗
DOE OSTI2023

Simulation of Proton Beams in the AGS Booster with Space Charge

As higher intensity accelerators are designed, built and operated, the resonances and instabilities caused by space charge can become dominant effects in limiting the intensity of the beam that can be delivered. Particle loss has many causes but space charge can be a major factor in reducing beam intensity and generating emittance growth, particularly at low energies and in the lower energy stages of accelerators such as the AGS Booster. Successful operation relies on a good understanding of basic particle dynamics and it becomes an important challenge to ascertain how the beam evolves when charged particles experience both external forces through the fields of the magnets combined with internal forces through Coulomb interactions. A possible approach to such a study is to include calculations of space charge in computer simulation codes that track the motions of charged particles in 6D phase space. Unfortunately, repeated space charge calculations in 6D phase space are computationally intensive even with the most modern computing facilities. Study with traditional models of space charge is then either limited to a short real-time scale, or sacrifices accuracy and often omits some of the physics. The study described in this report attempts to explore all aspects of the Booster from injection, through RF capture and acceleration to the extraction energy. The simulations are allied to real machine settings. They do not attempt to model effects that are well known and for which accurate experimental data are available, but they try in many cases to extend beyond the normal Booster parameter range so as to understand the limitations on operations and suggest areas for improvement.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Spectroscopic investigation of electron-beam-induced excitation and ionization of air [Abstract]

Time-dependent visible and near-ultraviolet emission spectroscopy was used to track the presence of excited and ionized states induced as an electron beam transited a cavity filled with air at low pressures. An electron beam was produced in vacuum using a Febetron pulsed-power generator modified to produce a peak voltage of 100 kV, a peak current of 4.5 kA, and a pulse width of 100 ns. The beam electrons then passed through thin anode and pressure foils and transited a cavity filled with dry air at either 0.1 Torr or 1 Torr, exciting and ionizing the air along the way. The spectral measurements were combined with information from electrical, interferometric, and imaging diagnostics to reveal different ionization dynamics for the two cases under study.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Degradation of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Water via High Power, Energy-Efficient Electron Beam Accelerator

The goal of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of e-beam treatment in the degradation of PFASs in water treatment. This included validation of the expected process flows and required electron beam doses, with the first year dedicated to experimentally assessing the optimal electron beam treatment parameters required to decompose the contaminants of concern. In the second year, FNAL’s technical efforts focused on evaluating three different accelerator technologies that could be implemented in the treatment process of PFASs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Approximate Entropy Analysis for Nonlinear Beam Dynamics

In this paper, we applied an approximate entropy (ApEn) analysis to nonlinear beam dynamics. Due to the presence of strong nonlinear magnets, the degree of chaos in beam motion gradually increases proportionally with its amplitude. Such chaos can be quantitatively characterized with ApEn of beam turn-by-turn readings. ApEn analysis is a technique used to quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability of fluctuations with respect to time-series data. The ApEn, when applied as a chaos indicator, can then be used for nonlinear lattice optimization and analysis. The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) electron storage ring lattice was used as an example of a real-world application of our technique.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Non-Rare Earth Magnesium Bumper Beams

Magna will team with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to develop Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE™) of rectangular and multi-zoned extrusion profiles using non-RE Mg. It is envisioned that the ShAPE™ process, developed during this project for non-circular profiles, will serve as the foundation for fabrication of full-scale bumper beams of the future where near net-shapes are extruded directly from castings in a single step, without the need for costly rare earth additives. In this project, the ShAPE™ process will be developed for a rectangular profile measuring 1” x 2” with a 0.06” wall thickness. Successful extrusion of rectangular cross sections is a critical step along the path toward profiles with multiple zones. With the process established for a rectangular profile, the project will then make advancements toward multi-zoned cross sections. A magnesium alloy bumper beam offers a 35% weight savings compared to aluminum alloys and 60% compared to high strength steels. The bumper beam was chosen as the first component to target because the geometry can have a fairly simple 0.6-0.12 inch wall/web thickness, generally compatible with PNNL’s knowledge base and equipment capability surrounding ShAPE™. The bumper component offers commercial value by providing mass reduction in the front of the vehicle along with ride and handling benefit. PNNL has demonstrated the ability to ShAPE™ process non-RE Mg tubing with high strength, ductility and energy absorption. It has been shown that ShAPE™ extruded ZK60 and Mg2Si tubing with 0.30 inch diameter and 0.03 inch wall thickness have similar energy absorption to AA6061-T6. This is due to significant grain refinement, breakdown and dispersion of second phases, and the ability to eliminate anisotropy in compressive/tensile strength by aligning texture 45 degrees to the extrusion axis. Scalability of the ShAPE™ process has been demonstrated in ZK60 by fabricating 2.0 inch diameter tubing with 0.06 and 0.12 inch wall thicknesses having concentricity as tight as 1.3%. These tubes exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of 260-300 MPa and room temperature ductility of >20% parallel, perpendicular and 45 degrees to the extrusion axis. Aluminum bumpers represent approximately 54% of the NA light vehicle market. If the research effort is successful, providing a 30% mass reduction at equal cost relative to aluminum bumpers, it is anticipated that 25% market penetration would be realized over the next 5 year and 50% market share by 2030. 100% of the aluminum automotive bumpers are sourced from the tier network, providing resourcing opportunity based on equal performance, reduced mass and cost equivalent lower than aluminum bumpers. Due to the relatively low vehicle content, magnesium components are currently shredded and 100% recycled with aluminum content in the US, presenting a positive life cycle impact.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

EBIS Beam Intensity Online Optimization with GPTune and Offline Analysis with XGBoost

The application of machine learning techniques to accelerator research has led to significant breakthroughs in optimization strategies. This paper presents a pioneering study using a novel machine learning algorithm, GPTune, to optimize beam intensity by adjusting parameters in the EBIS injection and extraction beam lines. Our research demonstrates substantial improvements, achieving a remarkable 22% and 70% increase in beam intensity at two separate measurement locations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The beam test of the lead tungstate calorimeter prototype with SiPM readout at Jefferson Lab

The lead tungstate crystals (PWO4) are a well-known radiator material for precise homogeneous electromagnetic calorimetry. In nuclear physics experiments, the typical way to read out the crystals is using conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). In the case of the presence of a magnetic field, such a method has some complications and requires a passive PMT shielding design. The recent development of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) with small pixel pitch sizes and relatively small noise levels opens an opportunity avenue to use such a device as an alternative to conventional PMTs. The SiPM readout method may be beneficial for future nuclear physics and collider experiments. We are presenting the beam test results of the calorimeter prototype instrumented with SiPM readout performed at Jefferson Lab. The SiPM readout performance was compared with PMT readout measured at the same experimental conditions. The prototype was successfully tested using beam of photons in the energy range between 3 GeV and 11 GeV in experimental Hall D. The detector performance was also studied using a secondary beam of positrons provided by Hall D pair spectrometer.

Berdnikov, Vladimir↗
DOE OSTI2024

Heat transfer through a box beam from an impinging hydrogen flame

An analysis was performed to determine whether a hydrogen jet flame impinging on a tunnel ceiling composed of multiple prestressed steel reinforced concrete box beams could result in permanent damage to the tunnel. The lower layer of the concrete box beam was modeled to determine whether heat reaches the steel reinforcing bars and whether spalling could occur. Heat transfer analysis shows that the temperature remains constant at the location of the steel reinforcing bars after 1.3 minutes of impingement and reaches a maximum of 130°C after 5 minutes. However, assuming a constant impingement for 5 minutes is an over estimation due the existing fire model which includes conservative assumptions. Explosive spalling may occur at a thin layer (~0.05 in. at 50 seconds, 0.1 in. at 5 minutes) at the bottom surface of the concrete box beam, but the steel reinforcing bars will not be exposed to the hydrogen flame.

42 ENGINEERING↗