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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 919 records · Page 51
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

An itinerant antiferromagnetic metal without magnetic constituents

The origin of magnetism in metals has been traditionally discussed in two diametrically opposite limits: itinerant and local moments. Surprisingly, there are very few known examples of materials that are close to the itinerant limit, and their properties are not universally understood. In the case of the two such examples discovered several decades ago, the itinerant ferromagnets ZrZn 2 and Sc 3 In, the understanding of their magnetic ground states draws on the existence of 3d electrons subject to strong spin fluctuations. Similarly, in Cr, an elemental itinerant antiferromagnet with a spin density wave ground state, its 3d electron character has been deemed crucial to it being magnetic. Here, we report evidence for an itinerant antiferromagnetic metal with no magnetic constituents: TiAu. Antiferromagnetic order occurs below a Néel temperature of 36 K, about an order of magnitude smaller than in Cr, rendering the spin fluctuations in TiAu more important at low temperatures. In conclusion, this itinerant antiferromagnet challenges the currently limited understanding of weak itinerant antiferromagnetism, while providing insights into the effects of spin fluctuations in itinerant–electron systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multi-frequency force-detected electron spin resonance in the millimeter-wave region up to 150 GHz

In this article, a novel technique is developed for multi-frequency force-detected electron spin resonance (ESR) in the millimeter-wave region. We constructed a compact ESR probehead, in which the cantilever bending is sensitively detected by a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer. With this setup, ESR absorption of diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical (<1 μg) was clearly observed at multiple frequencies of up to 150 GHz. We also observed the hyperfine splitting of low-concentration Mn{sup 2+} impurities(∼0.2%) in MgO.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Floquet Cavity Electromagnonics

Hybrid magnonics has recently attracted intensive attention as a promising platform for coherent information processing. In spite of its rapid development, on-demand control over the interaction of magnons with other information carriers, in particular, microwave photons in electromagnonic systems, has been long missing, significantly limiting the potential broad applications of hybrid magnonics. Here, we show that, by introducing Floquet engineering into cavity electromagnonics, coherent control on the magnon-microwave photon coupling can be realized. Leveraging the periodic temporal modulation from a Floquet drive, our first-of-its-kind Floquet cavity electromagnonic system enables the manipulation of the interaction between hybridized cavity electromagnonic modes. Moreover, we have achieved a new coupling regime in such systems: the Floquet ultrastrong coupling, where the Floquet splitting is comparable with or even larger than the level spacing of the two interacting modes, beyond the conventional rotating-wave picture. As a result, our findings open up new directions for magnon-based coherent signal processing.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Influence of electron-spin interaction on the electrostatic space-charge wave in a cylindrical waveguide quantum plasma

The influence of electron spin-interaction on the propagation of the electrostatic space-charge quantum wave is investigated in a cylindrically bounded quantum plasma. The dispersion relation of the space-charge quantum electrostatic wave is derived including the influence of the electron spin-current in a cylindrical waveguide. It is found that the influence of electron spin-interaction enhances the wave frequency for large wave number regions. It is shown that the wave frequencies with higher-solution modes are always smaller than those with lower-solution modes in small wave number domains. In addition, it is found that the wave frequency increases with an increase of the radius of the plasma cylinder as well as the Fermi wave number. We discuss the effects due to the quantum and geometric on the variation of the dispersion properties of the space-charge plasma wave.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Deployment of POLARBEAR-2b

POLARBEAR-2b (PB-2b) is the second receiver in the Simons Array, a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment. The Simons Array uses dichroic polarization sensitive lenslet-coupled sinuous antennas and transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers made of superconducting films. These bolometers are read out with frequency multiplexing electronics. PB-2b contains ~7500 detectors in two bands at 90 and 150 GHz with arcminute resolution. The polarization of these detectors is modulated by a cryogenic continuously rotating half-wave plate. PB-2b was installed on its telescope in 2022 in the Atacama Desert at an altitude of 5.2 km. This paper will detail initial readout commissioning, test of a new loopgain monitoring method, and focusing the optics. Work is ongoing to commission the remaining ambient temperature readout electronics, measure detector time constants, and observe with the cryogenic half-wave plate spinning.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2015

Itinerant density wave instabilities at classical and quantum critical points

Charge ordering in metals is a fundamental instability of the electron sea, occurring in a host of materials and often linked to other collective ground states such as superconductivity. What is difficult to parse, however, is whether the charge order originates among the itinerant electrons or whether it arises from the ionic lattice. Here in this study we employ high-resolution X-ray diffraction, combined with high-pressure and low-temperature techniques and theoretical modelling, to trace the evolution of the ordering wavevector Q in charge and spin density wave systems at the approach to both thermal and quantum phase transitions. The non-monotonic behaviour of Q with pressure and the limiting sinusoidal form of the density wave point to the dominant role of the itinerant instability in the vicinity of the critical points, with little influence from the lattice. Fluctuations rather than disorder seem to disrupt coherence.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multiple magnetic orders in LaFeAs 1-x P x O uncover universality of iron-pnictide superconductors

The iron-pnictide superconductors have generated tremendous excitement as the competition between magnetism and superconductivity has allowed unique in-roads towards elucidating a microscopic theory of unconventional high-temperature superconductivity. In addition to the stripe spin density wave ($C^a_{2M}$) phase observed in the parent compounds of all iron-pnictide superconductors, two novel magnetic orders have recently been discovered in different parent structures: an out-of-plane collinear double-Q ($C^c_{4M}$) structure in the hole-doped (Ca, Sr, Ba) 1-x (Na) x Fe 2 As 2 and Ba 1-x K x Fe 2 As 2 families, and a spin vortex crystal “hedgehog” ($C^{ab}_{4M}$) structure in the CaKFe 4 As 4 family. Using neutron diffraction, we demonstrate that LaFeAs 1-x P x O contains all three magnetic orders within a single-phase diagram as a function of substitution, all of which compete strongly with superconductivity. Our experimental observations combined with theoretical modeling demonstrate how the reduction in electronic correlations by chemical substitution results in larger Fermi surfaces and the sequential stabilization of multiple magnetic anisotropies. Our work presents a unified narrative for the competing magnetic and superconducting phases observed in various iron-pnictide systems with different crystal structures and chemistry.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Synthesis, Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Cubic Perovskite La{sub 1−x}Ba{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (0.125 ≤ x ≤ 0.875) for Spintronic Devices

In this study, La{sub 0.5}Ba{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. Crystal structure and morphology are determined by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It is observed that Ba-doped LaMnO{sub 3} (LMO) has the same cubic crystal structure as the host material with space group Pm3̄m. Half of the La atoms are replaced by Ba in the composition. Further, the electronic and magnetic structures are investigated by solving the Kohn-Sham equation with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW), with GGA+U approximation for exchange and correlation, for Ba concentration from 12.5 to 87.5%. The system is half-metallic ferromagnetic (FM) up to 55% and then converts into anti-ferromagnetic (AFM). This happens due to the onset of super exchange on increasing Ba concentrations. It is suggested that Ba-doped LMO is the best material for the fabrication of an exchange-biased spin valve. The spacer material can be any non-magnetic cubic perovskite such as BaTiO{sub 3} while the FM and AFM layers can be made of Ba-doped LMO with different concentrations of Ba. .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Helicon modes in uniform plasmas. III. Angular momentum

Helicons are electromagnetic waves with helical phase fronts propagating in the whistler mode in magnetized plasmas and solids. They have similar properties to electromagnetic waves with angular momentum in free space. Helicons are circularly polarized waves carrying spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum due to their propagation around the ambient magnetic field B{sub 0}. These properties have not been considered in the community of researchers working on helicon plasma sources, but are the topic of the present work. The present work focuses on the field topology of helicons in unbounded plasmas, not on helicon source physics. Helicons are excited in a large uniform laboratory plasma with a magnetic loop antenna whose dipole axis is aligned along or across B{sub 0}. The wave fields are measured in orthogonal planes and extended to three dimensions (3D) by interpolation. Since density and B{sub 0} are uniform, small amplitude waves from loops at different locations can be superimposed to generate complex antenna patterns. With a circular array of phase shifted loops, whistler modes with angular and axial wave propagation, i.e., helicons, are generated. Without boundaries radial propagation also arises. The azimuthal mode number m can be positive or negative while the field polarization remains right-hand circular. The conservation of energy and momentum implies that these field quantities are transferred to matter which causes damping or reflection. Wave-particle interactions with fast electrons are possible by Doppler shifted resonances. The transverse Doppler shift is demonstrated. Wave-wave interactions are also shown by showing collisions between different helicons. Whistler turbulence does not always have to be created by nonlinear wave-interactions but can also be a linear superposition of waves from random sources. In helicon collisions, the linear and/or orbital angular momenta can be canceled, which results in a great variety of field topologies. The work will be contrasted to the research on helicon plasma sources.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spontaneous Chirality Flipping in an Orthogonal Spin-Charge Ordered Topological Magnet

The asymmetric distribution of chiral objects with opposite chirality is of great fundamental interest ranging from molecular biology to particle physics. In quantum materials, chiral states can build on inversion-symmetry-breaking lattice structures or emerge from spontaneous magnetic ordering induced by competing interactions. Although the handedness of a chiral state can be changed through external fields, a spontaneous chirality flipping has yet to be discovered. We present experimental evidence of chirality flipping via changing temperature in a topological magnet EuAl 4 , which features orthogonal spin density waves (SDW) and charge density waves (CDW). Using circular dichroism of Bragg peaks in the resonant magnetic x-ray scattering, we find that the chirality of the helical SDW flips through a first-order phase transition with modified SDW wavelength. Intriguingly, we observe that the CDW couples strongly with the SDW and displays a rare commensurate-to-incommensurate transition at the chirality flipping temperature. Combining with first-principles calculations and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, our results support a Fermi surface origin of the helical SDW with intertwined spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom in EuAl 4 . Our results reveal an unprecedented spontaneous chirality flipping and lay the groundwork for a new functional manipulation of chirality through momentum-dependent spin-charge-lattice interactions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

3-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2021

Matter-wave stripe solitons induced by helicoidal spin–orbit coupling

Highlights: • Four kinds of exact stripe soliton solutions in Bose–Einstein condensates with helicoidal spin–orbit coupling (SOC) are represented. • The influence of helicoidal SOC on the structure of stripe solitons are described in detail. • The corresponding spin polarization is expressed on the Bloch sphere. • The formation mechanism of stripe solitons and the interaction properties of moving stripe solitons are discussed. We present the exact analytical solution of stripe solitons on different backgrounds in Bose–Einstein condensates with helicoidal spin–orbit coupling (SOC). They are divided into two categories, one is stationary stripe soliton on zero background or period-wave background, the other is moving stripe soliton on zero background or plane-wave background. The period of stripe is determined by both strength and frequency of helicoidal SOC, and the oscillation amplitude of stripe is adjustable in the case of fixed total density. The corresponding spin polarization is expressed on Bloch sphere. For stationary soliton, the spin density vector take values in three directions, which is different from the Rashba–Dresslhaus coupling scheme. The spin density vectors display more complicated spatial distribution for moving stripe solitons. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of stripe soliton and the interaction properties of moving stripe solitons are discussed. Our work enhances the understanding of stripe solitons, and is helpful for the observation of stripe phase.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Tuning superconductivity and spin-vortex instabilities in CaKFe 4 As 4 through in-plane antisymmetric strains

Lattice strains of appropriate symmetry have served as an excellent tool to explore the interaction of superconductivity in the iron-based superconductors with orthorhombic-nematic and stripe spin-density-wave (SSDW) order. In this Letter, we contribute to a broader understanding of the coupling of strain to superconductivity and competing normal-state orders by studying CaKFe 4 As 4 under large, in-plane strains of B 1 g and B 2 g symmetry. In contrast to the majority of iron-based superconductors, pure CaKFe 4 As 4 exhibits superconductivity with a relatively high transition temperature of T c ∼ 35 K in proximity of a noncollinear, tetragonal, hedgehog spin-vortex crystal (SVC) order. Through experiments and calculations, we demonstrate an anisotropic in-plane strain response of T c and the favored SVC configuration in CaKFe 4 As 4 . This supports a scenario, in which the change in spin fluctuations dominates the strain response of superconducting T c . Overall, by suggesting moderate B 2 g strains as an effective parameter to change the stability of SVC and SSDW, we outline a pathway to a unified phase diagram of iron-based superconductivity. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic structure of a non-centrosymmetric CePtSi 3

Neutron diffraction experiments have been performed on single crystalline samples of CePtSi 3 . We found that the incommensurate magnetic propagation vector τ 1 = (±0.283, 0, 0) in the phase I (2.2 ~ 4.8 K) switches to the commensurate vectors τ 2 = (±0.25, 0, 0) and τ 3 = (±0.25, 0, ±1) in the phase III (~ 2.8 K) at zero field. Although the magnetic structure of CePtSi 3 in the phase I is a spin density wave similar to those in CeRhSi 3 , CeIrSi 3 , and CePdSi 3 , the magnetic structure in the phase III is commensurate unlike other CeTSi 3 (T = Rh, Ir, Pd) compounds.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Partial Spin Ordering and Complex Magnetic Structure in BaYFeO4: A Neutron Diffraction and High Temperature Susceptibility Study

The novel iron-based compound, BaYFeO4, crystallizes in the Pnma space group with two distinct Fe3+ sites, that are alternately corner-shared [FeO5]7 square pyramids and [FeO6]9 octahedra, forming into [Fe4O18]24 rings, which propagate as columns along the b-axis. A recent report shows two discernible antiferromagnetic (AFM) transitions at 36 and 48 K in the susceptibility, yet heat capacity measurements reveal no magnetic phase transitions at these temperatures. An upturn in the magnetic susceptibility measurements up to 400 K suggests the presence of shortrange magnetic behavior at higher temperatures. In this Article, variable-temperature neutron powder diffraction and hightemperature magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed to clarify the magnetic behavior. Neutron powder diffraction confirmed that the two magnetic transitions observed at 36 and 48 K are due to long-range magnetic order. Below 48 K, the magnetic structure was determined as a spin-density wave (SDW) with a propagation vector, k = (0, 0, 1/3), and the moments along the b-axis, whereas the structure becomes an incommensurate cycloid [k = (0, 0, 0.35)] below 36 K with the moments within the bc-plane. However, for both cases the ordered moments on Fe3+ are only of the order 3.0 B, smaller than the expected values near 4.5 B, indicating that significant components of the Fe moments remain paramagnetic to the lowest temperature studied, 6 K. Moreover, new high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed a peak maximum at 550 K indicative of short-range spin correlations. It is postulated that most of the magnetic entropy is thus removed at high temperatures which could explain the absence of heat capacity anomalies at the long-range ordering temperatures. Published spin dimer calculations, which appear to suggest a k = (0, 0, 0) magnetic structure, and allow for neither low dimensionality nor geometric frustration, are inadequate to explain the observed complex magnetic structure.

Thompson, Corey↗
DOE OSTI2015

Elementary framework for cold field emission from quantum-confined, non-planar emitters

For suitably small field emitters, the effects of quantum confinement at the emitter tip may have a significant impact on the emitter performance and total emitted current density (ECD). Since the geometry of a quantum system uniquely determines the magnitude and distribution of its energy levels, a framework for deriving ECD equations from cold field electron emitters of arbitrary geometry and dimensionality is developed. In the interest of obtaining semi-analytical ECD equations, the framework is recast in terms of plane wave solutions to the Schrödinger equation via the use of the Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. To demonstrate the framework's consistency with our previous work and its capabilities in treating emitters with non-planar geometries, ECD equations were derived for the normally unconfined cylindrical nanowire (CNW) and normally confined (NC) CNW emitter geometries. As a function of the emitter radius, the NC CNW emitter ECD profile displayed a strong dependence on the Fermi energy and had an average ECD that exceeded the Fowler-Nordheim equation for typical values of the Fermi energy due to closely spaced, singly degenerate energy levels (excluding electron spin), comparatively large electron supply values, and the lack of a transverse, zero-point energy. Such characteristics suggest that emitters with non-planar geometries may be ideal for emission from both an electron supply and electrostatics perspective.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

First demonstration of tuning between the Kitaev and Ising limits in a honeycomb lattice

Recent observations of novel spin-orbit coupled states have generated interest in 4d/5d transition metal systems. A prime example is the J eff = $\frac{1}{2}$ state in iridate materials and α-RuCl 3 that drives Kitaev interactions. Here, by tuning the competition between spin-orbit interaction (λ SOC ) and trigonal crystal field (Δ T ), we restructure the spin-orbital wave functions into a previously unobserved μ = $\frac{1}{2}$ state that drives Ising interactions. This is done via a topochemical reaction that converts Li 2 RhO 3 to Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6 . Using perturbation theory, we present an explicit expression for the μ = $\frac{1}{2}$ state in the limit Δ T ≫ λ SOC realized in Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6 , different from the conventional J eff = $\frac{1}{2}$ state in the limit λ SOC ≫ Δ T realized in Li 2 RhO 3 . The change of ground state is followed by a marked change of magnetism from a 6 K spin-glass in Li 2 RhO 3 to a 94 K antiferromagnet in Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic State of Quasiordered Fe–Al Alloys Doped with Ga and B: Magnetic Phase Separation and Spin Order

Results of structural, magnetic, and Mössbauer studies of quasi ordered alloys Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 35−} {sub x}M{sub x} (M{sub x} = Ga, B; x = 0, 5 at %) are presented. The magnetic state of examined structurally–single-phase alloys at low temperatures is interpreted from the viewpoint of magnetic phase separation. An explanation is proposed for the observed behavior of magnetic characteristics of Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 35} and Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 30}Ga{sub 5} in the framework of the model of two magnetic phases, a ferromagnetic-type one and a spin density wave. The boron-doped alloy Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 30}B{sub 5} is shown to demonstrate behavior that is typical of materials with the ferromagnetic type of ordering.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

X-ray and γ-ray studies of the millisecond pulsar and possible X-ray binary/radio pulsar transition object PSR J1723-2837

We present X-ray observations of the 'redback' eclipsing radio millisecond pulsar (MSP) and candidate radio pulsar/X-ray binary transition object PSR J1723-2837. The X-ray emission from the system is predominantly non-thermal and exhibits pronounced variability as a function of orbital phase, with a factor of ∼2 reduction in brightness around superior conjunction. Such temporal behavior appears to be a defining characteristic of this variety of peculiar MSP binaries and is likely caused by a partial geometric occultation by the main-sequence-like companion of a shock within the binary. There is no indication of diffuse X-ray emission from a bow shock or pulsar wind nebula associated with the pulsar. We also report on a search for point source emission and γ-ray pulsations in Fermi Large Area Telescope data using a likelihood analysis and photon probability weighting. Although PSR J1723-2837 is consistent with being a γ-ray point source, due to the strong Galactic diffuse emission at its position a definitive association cannot be established. No statistically significant pulsations or modulation at the orbital period are detected. For a presumed detection, the implied γ-ray luminosity is ≲5% of its spin-down power. This indicates that PSR J1723-2837 is either one of the least efficient γ-ray producing MSPs or, if the detection is spurious, the γ-ray emission pattern is not directed toward us.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗