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At least 919 records · Page 51
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1979

The fracture of boron fibre-reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy

The fracture of 6061 aluminium alloy reinforced with unidirectional and cross-plied 0/90 deg, 0/90/+ or - 45 deg boron fibres has been investigated. The results have been described in terms of a critical stress intensity, K(Q). Critical stress intensity factors were obtained by substituting the failure stress and the initial crack length into the appropriate expression for K(Q). Values were obtained that depended on the dimensions of the specimens. It was therefore concluded that, for the size of specimen tested, the values of K(Q) did not reflect any basic materials property.

Wright, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Fracture toughness of brittle materials determined with chevron notch specimens

The use of chevron-notch specimens for determining the plane strain fracture toughness (K sub Ic) of brittle materials is discussed. Three chevron-notch specimens were investigated: short bar, short rod, and four-point-bend. The dimensionless stress intensity coefficient used in computing K sub Ic is derived for the short bar specimen from the superposition of ligament-dependent and ligament-independent solutions for the straight through crack, and also from experimental compliance calibrations. Coefficients for the four-point-bend specimen were developed by the same superposition procedure, and with additional refinement using the slice model of Bluhm. Short rod specimen stress intensity coefficients were determined only by experimental compliance calibration. Performance of the three chevron-notch specimens and their stress intensity factor relations were evaluated by tests on hot-pressed silicon nitride and sintered aluminum oxide. Results obtained with the short bar and the four-point-bend specimens on silicon nitride are in good agreement and relatively free of specimen geometry and size effects within the range investigated. Results on aluminum oxide were affected by specimen size and chevron-notch geometry, believed due to a rising crack growth resistance curve for the material. Only the results for the short bar specimen are presented in detail.

Shannon, J. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The method of lines in three dimensional fracture mechanics

A review of recent developments in the calculation of design parameters for fracture mechanics by the method of lines (MOL) is presented. Three dimensional elastic and elasto-plastic formulations are examined and results from previous and current research activities are reported. The application of MOL to the appropriate partial differential equations of equilibrium leads to coupled sets of simultaneous ordinary differential equations. Solutions of these equations are obtained by the Peano-Baker and by the recurrance relations methods. The advantages and limitations of both solution methods from the computational standpoint are summarized.

Gyekenyesi, J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Simple spline-function equations for fracture mechanics calculations

The paper presents simple spline-function equations for fracture mechanics calculations. A spline function is a sequence of piecewise polynomials of degree n greater than 1 whose coefficients are such that the function and its first n-1 derivatives are continuous. Second-degree spline equations are presented for the compact, three point bend, and crack-line wedge-loaded specimens. Some expressions can be used directly, so that for a cyclic crack propagation test using a compact specimen, the equation given allows the cracklength to be calculated from the slope of the load-displacement curve. For an R-curve test, equations allow the crack length and stress intensity factor to be calculated from the displacement and the displacement ratio.

Orange, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The fracture criteria for crack growth under biaxial loading

The paper examines the fracture criteria for crack growth under biaxial loading. A finite element theory was formulated for the problem of crack propagation to failure which is based on the incremental theory of plasticity and is mathematically equivalent to that of a nonlinear moving-mixed-boundary-value problem. It was found that during the crack growth the plastic energy of the specimen and the crack size are linearly related for center-cracked specimens of an aluminum alloy subjected to uniaxial and or biaxial loading when experimental data relating applied stress and crack size have been used as input.

Liebowitz, H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Fracture analysis of ductile materials

In the present paper, Newman's (1973) two-parameter fracture criterion is used to analyze failure of single-edge-crack tension specimens made of bolting steel and rotor steel, with thicknesses and widths of the same order. It is shown that for width-to-thickness ratios of roughly unity, the plastic-collapse stress is strongly influenced by the state of stress on the net section and the collapse stress is closer to the plane-strain value.

Newman, J. C., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Increasing Metal Fracture Toughness

In technique developed at Langley Research Center several thin sheets of metal are diffusion-brazed together in vacuum furnace to create thick piece of metal that retains much of fracture toughness of its thin components. Technique is expected to make many of high-strength stainless steels, not currently suitable, usable at cryogenic temperatures.

Lawing, P. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Fracture trace expression and analysis in radar imagery of rain forest terrain (Peru)

Mapping of minor lineaments from radar imagery of the rain forest in southeast Peru is biased due to the selective suppression of some topography which results from the observation geometry of the imaging radar system and the varied perception of lineaments on the imagery by different interpreters. Team analysis of the imagery compensates for several of the sources of bias, and results in the clear recognition of differing regimes within the regional fracture field in the study area.

Martin-Kaye, P. H. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Fracture control plan for propellant and pressurant tanks

To assure the functional integrity of the GLL-RPM fuel and pressurized gas tank, all activities during entire lifetime of the tank, from manufacture to the end of the mission, must be monitored. Specifications are given for all procedures which influence the tank structure including design, manufacture, cleaning, test operations, and storage. Tests to be conducted to demonstrate that requirements of the fracture control plan are satisfied include static tests, cyclic load tests, proof tests, He-leak test, and acceptance tests.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1981

Fracture analysis of HPOTP bearing balls

The fracture analysis conducted on four HPOTP (High Pressure Oxygen Turbopump) bearing balls from the SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine) is described. Nondestructive evaluation, optical microscopy, and transmission microscopy techniques were used in the analysis. The cracks are initiated at or close to the ball surface under conditions of high cyclic stresses and high coefficient of friction. The cracks lead to spalls and subsequent crack propagation occurs by fatigue mode under concentrated loading of cyclic nature.

Bhat, B. N.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Computer-aided fracture mechanics life prediction analysis

The fracture mechanics analysis and computer logic used to perform design life predictions is described. Initial part-through crack defects are analyzed under the conditions of constant-amplitude loading to predict the number of loading cycles applied before breakthrough or failure. A criterion is provided to predict the transition from part-through crack growth characteristics to through crack growth characteristics. A breakthrough criterion is also provided.

Peterson, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The method of lines in three-dimensional fracture mechanics

A review is presented of recent developments in the calculation of design parameters for fracture mechanics by the method of lines (MOL). Three-dimensional elastic and elasto-plastic formulations are examined and results are reported from previous and current research activities. The application of MOL to the appropriate partial differential equations of equilibrium leads to coupled sets of simultaneous ordinary differential equations. Solutions of these equations are obtained by the Peano-Baker and by the recurrence relations methods. The advantages and limitations of both solution methods from the computational standpoint are summarized.

Gyekenyesi, J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Lattice-statics approach to fracture and plasticity

The lattice-statics approach to the problem of providing a quantitative description of the microstructure near a defect is outlined. The method deals with an effectively infinite lattice and hence avoids interface problems; the lattice-statics method is not restricted by the range of the potential. The lattice-statics solution requires a harmonic solution for the lattice which is shown to be always obtainable by suitable Fourier transforms. Applications of the method to fracture and dislocations are discussed and areas that warrant further research are specified.

Esterling, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The application of fracture control to a weld specification

An approach used on the external tank (ET) portion of the Space Shuttle Program which employs fracture control to establish defect acceptance criteria in a welding specification is discussed. Weld acceptance criteria developed for the ET fabricated from 2219 aluminum are demonstrated using as an example one of the actual ET welds. A table of weld grades as a function of acceptable defect length is presented. The design drawing specifies the weld grade for a particular weld; then the inspector uses the grade to determine the defect length for radiographic and penetrant acceptance of the weld. By allowing each weld to be judged by its own defect requirement instead of using the tightest requirement, the number of weld repairs has been minimized, resulting in lower cost with no compromise in performance.

Bolstad, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Compliance calibration of the short rod chevron-notch specimen for fracture toughness testing of brittle materials

The short rod chevron-notch specimen has the advantages of (1) crack development at the chevron tip during the early stage of test loading, and (2) convenient calculation of plane-strain fracture toughness from the maximum test load and from a calibration factor which depends only on the specimen geometry and manner of loading. For generalized application, calibration of the specimen over a range of specimen proportions and chevron-notch configurations is necessary. Such was the objective of this investigation, wherein calibration of the short rod specimen was made by means of experimental compliance measurements converted into dimensionless stress intensity factor coefficients.

Bubsey, R. T.↗
NASA NTRS1982

On ultrasonic factors and fracture toughness

Recent experimental and theoretical studies on ultrasonics have shown that the scattering of elastic waves by material defects yields data which characterize crack properties, such as size and orientation, and also the mechanical properties of the given material. In the present study, elastodynamic fields due to the presence of a pair of inhomogeneities in a material of plate geometry are investigated by the method of equivalent inclusions. The stress amplitude change of the plates during the passage of plane time-harmonic waves is found, and the relation between fracture toughness and ultrasonic factors is determined. The approach used does not assume the existence of a sharp crack in the material.

Fu, L. S.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Fracture Strength of Silicon Solar Cells

Tests during processing show way to reduce breakage and increase yield. Silicon wafer twisted by four equally spaced dowel pins, two pushing up and two pushing down. Uniform shear stress found along line 45 degrees from axes of two load pairs. Test helping to develop reliable information on nature and source of flows causing cell fracture.

Chen, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Fracture and crack growth in orthotropic laminates. Part 1: Analysis of a hybrid, unidirectional laminate with damage

The fracture behavior of unifirectional hybrid (buffer strip) composite laminates is studied. Three particular solutions are discussed: (1) broken fibers in a unidirectional half plane; (2) adjoined half planes of different fiber and matrix properties and (3) the solution of two half planes bounding a third distinct region of finite width. This finite width region represents a buffer strip and the potential of this strip to arrest a crack that originates in one of the half planes is investigated. The analysis is based on a materials modeling approach using the classical shear lag assumption to described the stress transfer between fibers. Explicit fiber and matrix properties of the three regions are retained and changes in the laminate behavior as a function of the relative material properties, buffer strip width and initial crack length are discussed.

Goree, J. G.↗