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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 919 records · Page 51
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Renewable Energy Potential Model: Hawaii Geothermal Supply Curves

This dataset extends the development of the Renewable Energy Potential (reV) model to include geothermal energy, with a specific focus on Hawaii. Provided here are the results of two scenarios that were modeled for geothermal energy in Hawaii: binary enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) at a depth of 2.5 km and hydrothermal binary systems at a depth of 1.5 km. The resource data for both scenarios were derived from Lautze and Haskins (2024) using an exponential method. The PFA probability of heat map was used as a look up table for which temperature gradient to use (Lautze and Haskins, 2024). The dataset provides geospatial and techno-economic details for evaluating geothermal energy potential. It includes spatial coordinates, estimated capacity factors, developable area, resource potential, and annual energy production metrics. Economic details such as levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), site development costs, transmission costs, and fixed-charge rates are also included. The reV model, originally developed for wind and solar energy, incorporates these variables to evaluate deployment constraints related to land use, environmental and cultural factors, and grid integration.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Pacific Marine Energy Center benthic physical conditions, macrofauna, and groundfish abundances

From 2010 to 2015, box core grabs were collected at permanent stations around the Pacific Marine Energy Center - North Energy Test Site (PMEC-NETS) off Newport, Oregon. At each box core station a conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) cast was conducted. These data include the CTD from the bottom of the cast, sediment grain size analysis, total organic carbon and nitrogen analysis (for the first 3 years only) and macrofaunal organism abundances as retained on a 1 mm mesh sieve. From 2012 to 2015, additional box core grabs were collected around two of the anchors deployed at PMEC-NETS to assess potential changes to sediment conditions and/or organism abundances. From 2013 to 2015, box core samples also were collected in and around the South Energy Test Site (PMEC-SETS). The CTD, grain size, and organism abundances are included. Additionally from 2010 to 2015 beam trawls were conducted at 9 stations (a subset of the box core stations) around PMEC-NETS and CTD casts were conducted before the start of each trawl. Again the CTD data from the bottom of the cast are included. Organism data are fish densities based on the estimated number of meters covered by the trawl. No trawls were conducted at PMEC-SETS.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2023

Aerosol Optical Depth Best Estimate Value-Added Product Report

Four aerosol optical depth (AOD) products are offered by four collocated ground-based instruments deployed at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) observatory (SGP Central Facility 1 [C1] and Extended Facility 13 [E13]) for more than two decades. Two of these instruments, the multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers (MFRSRs C1 and E13), are sensors with horizontal hemispherical receivers shaded by rotating shadowbands.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

CCQE-like $\nu_{e}$ Selection in SBND using Convolutional Visual Network

Neutrinos from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab interact with argon in a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) differently based on their flavour. By examining the particles produced in a charged-current interaction, both the interaction type and the neutrino flavour can be inferred. The Short Baseline Near Detector has the largest neutrino-argon cross section data to date, motivating in-depth studies of various cross-section channels and topologies. This project aims to select electron neutrino quasi-elastic-like (QE-like) interactions in SBND using Convolutional Visual Network (CVN) scores. The CVN is a neural network that processes visual information from an event and assigns scores corresponding to its likelihood of being each interaction type. An inclusive study of electron neutrino charged current interactions using CVN has already been conducted. This analysis aims to build on this study, further utilizing CVN scores to isolate electron neutrino QE-like interactions characterized by the presence of an electron and one or more protons ($N > 0$) in the final state. The project s goal is to contribute to the overall cross-section measurement efforts within the SBN program at Fermilab.

Breen, Genevieve [Mt. Holyoke Coll.]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Laser Confocal Microscopy Uncertainty Quantification Study

At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the Storage Safety and Engineering (SSE) team completes annual surveillance on a subset of in-use interim nuclear material storage containers in fulfilment of requirements outlined in DOE Manual M 441.1-1. The containers are selected through several methods, such as subject matter expert judgement, random selection, and trending items. Following these selections, the SSE team has the capacity to complete surveillance on 15-20 containers each fiscal year, composed of a combination of SAVY-4000 and Hagan storage containers. Through previous work, the stainless-steel components of the containers have been identified as life limiting components, with an emphasis on the thin-walled bodies. The team is focused on understanding the extent of general and pitting corrosion, due to observations of extensive corrosion from stored contents and bag-out-bag degradation. Quantifying corrosion effects on the thin-walled stainless steel container bodies, and understanding potential impacts to the respective design release rates and design qualification release rates is paramount to the team. To date, destructive examination (DE) has proven to be the most insightful method for developing an understanding on the extent of corrosion on used containers. To standardize this process, the SSE team developed a destructive examination guide for analyzing stainless steel components of the containers. Corroded containers of interest are identified during surveillance activities and set aside for sectioning and characterization. Following sectioning, a major step in the DE workflow is the utilization of laser confocal microscopy for scanning corroded samples of interest and extracting data on pits, such as count, depth, and equivalent diameter. Adhering to the techniques outlined in the DE guide, analysis has been completed on two Hagans and one SAVY-4000 container, with the maximum pit depth recorded as 139.1 ± 22.82 μm on a 17.5 year old Hagan. The findings from the completed destructive examinations will be utilized to support lifetime extension efforts of the SAVY-4000 as the team can better estimate corrosion rates and effects over time based on stored contents and age. Due to the implications of observing extreme pit depths that approach the nominal container body thickness of .0299 inches (0.759 mm) or minimum container thickness of 0.236” (0.6 mm), high confidence in the LCM measurements is desired. Through testing outlined in, it was concluded that the total error ascribed to the 20x objective when conducting large image mapping on the Keyence VK-X3050 laser confocal microscope (LCM) relative to a 50x objective (reference) is 16.4% (± 8.73%). For shallow features on the order of pristine SAVY surface defects (i.e. 5 μm), this uncertainty is appropriate. However, this conservative estimate of total error poses a fundamental concern for pit depths that approach the thickness of the measured samples. That is, with the measurement uncertainty currently employed on all measurements, the LCM would be unable to resolve if a pit with a depth of 515 μm is through wall. Standard step height samples were procured and used in the present study to assess the resolution and repeatability of height measurements. Understanding the resolution and repeatability of height measurements was the first focus of the team as it relates directly to pit depth, which is of primary concern. Calibration gratings were procured to evaluate the resolution and repeatability of measurements in the X and Y axes of the LCM stage. The results of the depth uncertainty study were conducted first and presented in the subsequent sections. The planar uncertainty study is appended to the depth study with conclusions from both summarized at the end of the report.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

SPRUCE Whole Ecosystems Warming (WEW) Environmental Data Beginning August 2015

This data set provides a record of the half-hourly averages of automated environmental data collected for 12 SPRUCE plots (4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21) beginning during deep peat heating (DPH) and continuing throughout the whole ecosystem warming (WEW) manipulations for the SPRUCE Project (Hanson et al. 2017). In August 2015, WEW was initiated at 5 warming levels (+0, +2.25 +4.5, +6.75 and +9 °C) with 2 plots per warming level. DPH measurements were underway before the initiation of WEW heating treatments and both are expected to operate through 2025. This current version includes data from 2014 through 2024. This data set includes 15 data files provided in comma separated (*.csv) format: 12 individual data files for each of the monitored SPRUCE plots, two data files corresponding to figures from Hanson et al. (2017) that support key analyses of the performance of the WEW systems, and one data file containing snow and ice depths.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Galaxy Clusters Selected via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect in the SPTpol 100-square-degree Survey

In this work, we present a catalog of galaxy cluster candidates detected in 100 square degrees surveyed with the SPTpol receiver on the South Pole Telescope. The catalog contains 89 candidates detected with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 4.6. The candidates are selected using the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect at 95 and 150 GHz. Using both space- and ground-based optical and infrared telescopes, we have confirmed 81 candidates as galaxy clusters. We use these follow-up images and archival images to estimate photometric redshifts for 66 galaxy clusters and spectroscopic observations to obtain redshifts for 13 systems. An additional two galaxy clusters are confirmed using the overdensity of near-infrared galaxies only and are presented without redshifts. We find that 15 candidates (18% of the total sample) are at redshift z ≥ 1.0, with a maximum confirmed redshift of ${z}_{\max }=1.38\pm 0.10$. We expect this catalog to contain every galaxy cluster with ${M}_{500c}\gt 2.6\times {10}^{14}{M}_{\odot }{{h}}_{70}^{-1}$ and z > 0.25 in the survey area. The mass threshold is approximately constant above z = 0.25, and the complete catalog has a median mass of approximately ${M}_{500c}=2.7\times {10}^{14}{M}_{\odot }{{h}}_{70}^{-1}$. Compared to previous SPT works, the increased depth of the millimeter-wave data (11.2 and 6.5 μK-arcmin at 95 and 150 GHz, respectively) makes it possible to find more galaxy clusters at high redshift and lower mass.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spectroscopic and Photometric Monitoring of a Poorly Known Highly Luminous OH/IR Star: IRAS 18278+0931

We present the time-dependent properties of a poorly known OH/IR star, IRAS 18278+0931 (hereafter IRAS 18+09), toward the Ophiuchus constellation. We have carried out long-term optical/near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations to study the object. From optical R- and I-band light curves, the period of IRAS 18+09 is estimated to be 575 ± 30 days and the variability amplitudes range from ΔR ∼ 4.0 mag to ΔI ∼ 3.5 mag. From the standard period–luminosity relations, the distance (D) to the object, 4.0 ± 1.3 kpc, is estimated. Applying this distance in the radiative transfer model, the spectral energy distribution is constructed from multiwavelength photometric and IRAS-LRS spectral data, which provide the luminosity, optical depth, and gas mass-loss rate of the object to be 9600 ± 500 L {sub ⊙}, 9.1 ± 0.6 at 0.55 μm, and 1.0 × 10{sup −6} M {sub ⊙} yr{sup −1}, respectively. The current mass of the object is inferred to be in the range 1.0−1.5 M {sub ⊙} assuming solar metallicity. Notably, the temporal variation of atomic and molecular features (e.g., TiO, Na i, Ca i, CO, H{sub 2}O) over the pulsation cycle of the OH/IR star illustrates the sensitivity of the spectral features to the dynamical atmosphere as observed in pulsating AGB stars.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Geographically aware estimates of remotely sensed water properties for Chesapeake Bay

This software contains the code for a data-driven model to produce high-resolution (< 1 km2) estimates of temperature, salinity, and turbidity over decadal time scales as required by next-generation Earth Systems Models. Our model fits daily MODIS Aqua reflectance data to surface observations (< 1 m depth) from 2000-2021 in Chesapeake Bay, USA.

Stachelek, Jemma↗
DOE OSTI2022

IM3/HyperFACETS Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) Simulation Datasets

Publication For a thorough description of the methods, see the peer-reviewed paper: Jones, A.D., Rastogi, D., Vahmani, P. et al. Continental United States climate projections based on thermodynamic modification of historical weather. Sci Data 10, 664 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02485-5 Overview The IM3 / HyperFACETS climate simulations provide 40-year historical (1980-2019) as well as four 80-year future simulations (2020-2099) over the U.S. The future simulations are split into near (2020-2059) and far future (2060-2099) segments. The future scenarios span a range of plausible changes in future climate (both Global Circulation Model (GCM) and Representative Concentration Pathways/Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (RCP/SSP) dimensions). The simulations provide climate variables with high spatiotemporal resolution (25 hourly variables and 207 3-hourly variables at 12 km2). The datasets are generated using dynamical downscaling with the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model (version 4.2.1) and therefore preserve physical consistency across variables. WRF is a state-of-the-art, fully compressible, non-hydrostatic, mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. WRF is coupled with an urban canopy model (UCM), which resolves urban surfaces. The future scenarios were developed using a thermodynamic global warming approach where past events are replayed under a range of future warming conditions. These scenarios therefore provide a perspective on potential increases in extreme event intensity, geographic scope, and duration, with previously non-extreme conditions potentially crossing new thresholds to be considered extreme by today's standards. This approach is not intended to estimate future changes in extreme event frequency that might result from changes in large-scale atmospheric dynamics. This dataset has NOT been bias corrected. A bias corrected version of selected variables is under development and will be released here when available. Scenarios Files Data for each scenario is provided in weekly NetCDF files. 25 variables are available at hourly resolution, and 207 variables are available at three-hourly resolution. Spatial resolution is 12km and spans the conterminous United States (CONUS), including some areas of Canada and Mexico, resulting in a grid of 424 by 299 cells. The spatial projection is a Lambert Conformal Conic with the following proj-string: "+proj=lcc +lat_0=40.0000076293945 +lon_0=-97 +lat_1=30 +lat_2=45 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +R=6370000 +units=m +no_defs". The available scenarios and simulation periods are listed below: historical | 1980 - 2019 rcp45cooler | 2020 - 2059 rcp45cooler | 2060 - 2099 rcp45hotter | 2020 - 2059 rcp45hotter | 2060 - 2099 rcp85cooler | 2020 - 2059 rcp85cooler | 2060 - 2099 rcp85hotter | 2020 - 2059 rcp85hotter | 2060 - 2099 * The first year (1979, 2019, and 2059) of data within each scenario represents a model warmup period and should not be used. These are located in the `spinup_files` directory. Historical year 2020 is considered an extra year of data beyond the simulation period and can be found in the `additional_files` directory. For information on specific variables and a more in-depth discussion of methodology, please refer to the data landing page at https://tgw-data.msdlive.org. Delta Warming Files The global and CONUS warming deltas for each scenario are provided in degrees Celsius annually and monthly. Restart Files Yearly restart files are provided for each scenario which can be used to restart the WRF model at a particular point in time. Spinup Files The first year of data within each simulation period represents a model warmup period and should not be used. The files are provided here for the sake of reproducibility. Additional Files Additional years of data are provided as an extension of the historic simulation.

Jones, Andrew D.↗
NASA NTRS1971

A Jupiter atmospheric entry mission

Jupiter atmospheric entry probe mission, discussing descent depths, atmospheric pressure and temperature effects, data return techniques and Grand Tour Missions

Carroll, P. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Soil mechanical properties at the Apollo 14 site.

The Apollo 14 lunar landing provided a greater amount of information on the mechanical properties of the lunar soil than previous missions. Measurements on core-tube samples and the results of transporter track analyses indicate that the average density of the soil in the Fra Mauro region is in the range from 1.45 to 1.60 g/cu cm. The soil strength appears to be higher in the vicinity of the site of the Apollo 14 lunar surface experiments package, and trench data suggest that strength increases with depth. Lower-bound estimates of soil cohesion give values of 0.03 to 0.10 kN/sq m, which are lower than values of 0.35 to 0.70 kN/sq m estimated for soils encountered in previous missions. The in situ modulus of elasticity, deduced from the measured seismic-wave velocity, is compatible with that to be expected for a terrestrial silty fine sand in the lunar gravitational field.

Mitchell, J. K.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Stress intensity factors for deep cracks emanating from the corner formed by a hole intersecting a plate surface

The stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the end points of flaws emanating from the corner formed by the intersection of a plate with a hole were determined using stress freezing photoelasticity and a numerical technique known as the Taylor series correction method to extract the SIF values from the photoelastic data. The geometries studied were crack depth to thickness ratios of about 0.2, 0.5, and 0.75; crack depth to crack length ratios of about 1.0 to 2.0; and crack length to hole radius ratios of about 0.5 to 2.0. The SIFs were determined at the intersection of the flaw border with the plate surface (KS) and with the edge of the hole (KH). It is shown that extension of a crack emanating from a corner of intersection of a hole with a plate under monotonically increasing load is not self-similar and that as the flaw depth increases, KH decreases and KS increases. Existing theories and design criteria significantly overestimate the SIF at both the hole and the surface except for shallow flaws at the hole and deep flaws at the surface.

Mcgowan, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Microcracks in lunar rocks

Lunar samples contain abundant open microcracks that have closure characteristics completely unlike any shocked terrestrial rock; however, the microcracks present in the lunar rocks before the rocks reached the surface of the moon were likely similar to the microcracks in the shocked terrestrial rocks. Because the microcracks present in the lunar rocks in situ inside the moon were different, radically different, from the microcracks present today in returned lunar samples, any property that is sensitive to microcracks measured on the returned lunar samples is inappropriate for predicting that property as a function of depth in the moon. Therefore, many data that have been measured already on lunar samples simply do not apply to rocks in situ inside the moon. A plausible mechanism with which to account for the difference in microcrack characteristics of lunar samples on the surface of the moon and the microcrack characteristics of lunar rock in situ inside the moon is thermal cycling during residence on the moon's surface.

Simmons, G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Microwave radiometric observations of snowpacks

Models for the microwave emission from snowpacks were generated on the basis of radiometric observations made at 10.7 GHz, 37 HGz, and 94 GHz at a test site near Steamboat Springs, Colorado. In addition to conducting measurements on an approximately daily basis over a six week observation period, measurements were made over several diurnal cycles during which the change in snow wetness was tracked by the microwave radiometers. Also, the variation in emissivity with snow water equivalent was examined, as was the sensitivity to changes in snow surface geometry. The microwave emissivity was observed to (1) decrease exponentially with snow water equivalent and (2) increase with snow wetness. Thus, the emission behavior is the reverse of the backscattering behavior observed by the radar. By fitting the models to the measured data, the variation of the optical depth with snow wetness was estimated.

Ulaby, F. T.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Toward parameterization of the stable boundary layer

Wangara data is used to examine the depth of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) and the height to which surface-linked turbulence extends. It is noted that a linearity of virtual temperature profiles has been found to extend up to a significant portion of the NBL, and then diverge where the wind shear rides over the surface-induced turbulence. A series of Richardson numbers are examined for varying degrees of turbulence and the significant cooling region is observed to have greater depth than the depth of the linear relationship layer. A three-layer parameterization of the thermodynamic structure of the NBL is developed so that a system of five equations must be solved when the wind velocity profile and the temperature at the surface are known. A correlation between the bulk Richardson number and the depth of the linear layer was found to be 0.89.

Wetzel, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Broad band airborne water vapor radiometry

An infrared radiometer with a pass band of 280 to 520/cm (35.7 to 19.2 microns) is employed on the NASA Ames Research Center U-2 and C-141A aircraft in the measurement of water vapor burden in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Coincidentally with altitude changes the water vapor mass mixing ratio is also inferred by observing the change in optical depth over a known vertical distance. Data from the December 1980 U-2 Water Vapor Exchange Experiment over the Panama Canal Zone add to the concept that overshooting cumulonimbus towers 'moisten' the lower stratosphere. The average mass mixing ratio in close proximity to or above such towers ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 parts per million above 18 km while the average background mass mixing ratio is only 2.9 parts per million. Generally the lowest background mixing ratios, averaging 2.6 parts per million occurred in the 18 to 21 km layer. For the same levels background Panama mass mixing ratios averaged from 1.0 to 3.0 parts per million higher than in middle latitudes.

Kuhn, P. M.↗