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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 919 records · Page 51
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

NDE standards for high temperature materials

High temperature materials include monolithic ceramics for automotive gas turbine engines and also metallic/intermetallic and ceramic matrix composites for a range of aerospace applications. These are materials that can withstand extreme operating temperatures that will prevail in advanced high-efficiency gas turbine engines. High temperature engine components are very likely to consist of complex composite structures with three-dimensionality interwoven and various intermixed ceramic fibers. The thermomechanical properties of components made of these materials are actually created in-place during processing and fabrication stages. The complex nature of these new materials creates strong incentives for exact standards for unambiguous evaluations of defects and microstructural characteristics. NDE techniques and standards that will ultimately be applicable to production and quality control of high temperature materials and structures are still emerging. The needs range from flaw detection to below 100 micron levels in monolithic ceramics to global imaging of fiber architecture and matrix densification anomalies in composites. The needs are different depending on the processing stage, fabrication method, and nature of the finished product. The standards are discussed that must be developed in concert with advances in NDE technology, materials processing research, and fabrication development. High temperature materials and structures that fail to meet stringent specifications and standards are unlikely to compete successfully either technologically or in international markets.

Vary, Alex↗
DOE OSTI2013

Effects of lanthanum dopants on the Curie–Weiss and the local order behaviors for Pb{sub 1−x}La{sub x}(Fe{sub 2/3}W{sub 1/3}){sub 0.7}Ti{sub 0.3}O{sub 3} relaxor ferroelectrics

Graphical abstract: The local order as a function of temperature by using (a) the spin-glass model and (b) the modified-Landau theory for Pb{sub 1−x}La{sub x}(Fe{sub 2/3}W{sub 1/3}){sub 0.7}Ti{sub 0.3}O{sub 3} ceramics with different amounts of lanthanum dopants. Display Omitted Highlights: ► The effects of La are investigated for Pb{sub 1−x}La{sub x}(Fe{sub 2/3}W{sub 1/3}){sub 0.7}Ti{sub 0.3}O{sub 3} ceramics. ► La can change their dielectric properties and ordering state. ► The spin glassy behaviors and the freezing process are also affected by La. ► The response mechanisms of La are proposed for the local polarization behavior. -- Abstract: The effects of lanthanum dopants are investigated on the dielectric responses for Pb{sub 1−x}La{sub x}(Fe{sub 2/3}W{sub 1/3}){sub 0.7}Ti{sub 0.3}O{sub 3} ceramics. According to the experimental data and fitting results, it is concluded that the dielectric characteristics are changed from a long-range-ordered (LRO) ferroelectric state to a short-range-ordered (SRO) relaxor by increasing the amounts of lanthanum dopants. Furthermore, the spin glassy behaviors and the freezing process of local polarizations are not only affected by the ordering degree of B-site cations but also affected by the defect polar pairs. Their response mechanisms are proposed that the growth of the 1:1 ordered domain Pb{sub 1−x}La{sub x}(Fe{sub 1/2}W{sub 1/2})O{sub 3} is impeded since its charge imbalance is enhanced by increasing the amounts of lanthanum dopants, and the defect polar pairs of lead, tungsten and oxygen vacancy are induced by the pyrochlore phase, PbWO{sub 4} or Pb{sub 0.99}La{sub 0.01}WO{sub 4}, when the amount of lanthanum dopants exceed 5 mol.%.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2001

Environment-Conscious Ceramics (Ecoceramics)

Since the dawn of human civilization, there has always been a delicate balance between expanding human frontiers and coexisting with the ecosystem. In the new millennium, it will be extremely important to develop various materials, products, and processes to sustain a healthy life in harmony with nature that allow us to minimize any harmful effects. Environment-conscious ceramics (ecoceramics) are a new class of materials that can be produced with renewable resources (wood) and wood wastes (wood sawdust). Wood is one of the best and most intricate engineering materials created by nature. Natural woods of various types are available throughout the world. In addition, wood sawdusts are generated in abundant quantities by sawmills. Environment-conscious ceramic materials, fabricated via the pyrolysis and infiltration of natural wood-derived preforms with silicon have tailorable properties with numerous potential applications.

Singh, Mrityunjay↗
DOE OSTI2021

Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 coated separators: Roll-to-roll processing and implications for improved battery safety and performance

Heat generation is one of the major concerns with lithium-ion batteries (LIB) while charging them at higher currents, which could inadvertently impact the rate performance and reduce the safety of the cell. Polymer separator is one of the least thermal conductive components of a LIB. In addition, commercial separators for LIB are made from polyolefin membranes that tend to shrink and curl at higher temperatures due to their lower melting temperature (~130 °C). Developing separators with improved thermal stability and higher electrolyte uptake is essential for enhancing the safety as well as the performance of the LIB. In this work, a thin layer of ceramic coatings (Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 ) is applied on propylene (PP) membrane to improve the thermal stability and electrolyte affinity without compromising the rate performance. A slurry with 100% Al 2 O 3 coated on the polypropylene separator exhibited the best improvement in thermal stability ( shrinkage of 0.6% vs 6.0% for uncoated membrane) and excellent rate performance with 92% capacity retention at 2C. The Al 2 O 3 coated separator demonstrated excellent electrolyte wettability compared to the uncoated membrane. The cross-plane thermal conductivity of the ceramic coated separators is analyzed to understand their heat transfer behavior. The thermal conductivity of the separator is improved by ~3.2 times with the Al 2 O 3 coating.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS2013

Materials Science Research Rack Onboard the International Space Station

The Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR) is a research facility developed under a cooperative research agreement between NASA and ESA for materials science investigations on the International Space Station (ISS). MSRR was launched on STS-128 in August 2009 and currently resides in the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. Since that time, MSRR has logged more than 1000 hours of operating time. The MSRR accommodates advanced investigations in the microgravity environment on the ISS for basic materials science research in areas such as solidification of metals and alloys. The purpose is to advance the scientific understanding of materials processing as affected by microgravity and to gain insight into the physical behavior of materials processing. MSRR allows for the study of a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, semiconductor crystals, and glasses. Materials science research benefits from the microgravity environment of space, where the researcher can better isolate chemical and thermal properties of materials from the effects of gravity. With this knowledge, reliable predictions can be made about the conditions required on Earth to achieve improved materials. MSRR is a highly automated facility with a modular design capable of supporting multiple types of investigations. The NASA-provided Rack Support Subsystem provides services (power, thermal control, vacuum access, and command and data handling) to the ESA-developed Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) that accommodates interchangeable Furnace Inserts (FI). Two ESA-developed FIs are presently available on the ISS: the Low Gradient Furnace (LGF) and the Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF). Sample Cartridge Assemblies (SCAs), each containing one or more material samples, are installed in the FI by the crew and can be processed at temperatures up to 1400C. ESA continues to develop samples with 14 planned for launch and processing in the near future. Additionally NASA has begun developing SCAs to support US PIs and their partners. The first of these Flight SCAs are being developed for investigations to support research in the areas of crystal growth and liquid phase sintering. Subsequent investigations are in various stages of development. US investigations will include a ground test program in order to distinguish the particular effects of the absence of gravity.

Reagan, Shawn↗
NASA NTRS2013

Materials Science Research Rack Onboard the International Space Station

The Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR) is a research facility developed under a cooperative research agreement between NASA and ESA for materials science investigations on the International Space Station (ISS). MSRR was launched on STS-128 in August 2009 and currently resides in the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. Since that time, MSRR has logged more than 1000 hours of operating time. The MSRR accommodates advanced investigations in the microgravity environment on the ISS for basic materials science research in areas such as solidification of metals and alloys. The purpose is to advance the scientific understanding of materials processing as affected by microgravity and to gain insight into the physical behavior of materials processing. MSRR allows for the study of a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, semiconductor crystals, and glasses. Materials science research benefits from the microgravity environment of space, where the researcher can better isolate chemical and thermal properties of materials from the effects of gravity. With this knowledge, reliable predictions can be made about the conditions required on Earth to achieve improved materials. MSRR is a highly automated facility with a modular design capable of supporting multiple types of investigations. The NASA-provided Rack Support Subsystem provides services (power, thermal control, vacuum access, and command and data handling) to the ESA-developed Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) that accommodates interchangeable Furnace Inserts (FI). Two ESA-developed FIs are presently available on the ISS: the Low Gradient Furnace (LGF) and the Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF). Sample Cartridge Assemblies (SCAs), each containing one or more material samples, are installed in the FI by the crew and can be processed at temperatures up to 1400C. ESA continues to develop samples with 14 planned for launch and processing in the near future. Additionally NASA has begun developing SCAs to support US PIs and their partners. The first of these Flight SCAs are being developed for investigations to support research in the areas of crystal growth and liquid phase sintering. Subsequent investigations are in various stages of development. US investigations will include a ground test program in order to distinguish the particular effects of the absence of gravity.

Reagan, Shawn↗
NASA NTRS2016

Materials Science Research Rack Onboard the International Space Station

The Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR) is a research facility developed under a cooperative research agreement between NASA and ESA for materials science investigations on the International Space Station (ISS). MSRR was launched on STS-128 in August 2009 and currently resides in the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. Since that time, MSRR has logged more than 1400 hours of operating time. The MSRR accommodates advanced investigations in the microgravity environment on the ISS for basic materials science research in areas such as solidification of metals and alloys. The purpose is to advance the scientific understanding of materials processing as affected by microgravity and to gain insight into the physical behavior of materials processing. MSRR allows for the study of a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, semiconductor crystals, and glasses. Materials science research benefits from the microgravity environment of space, where the researcher can better isolate chemical and thermal properties of materials from the effects of gravity. With this knowledge, reliable predictions can be made about the conditions required on Earth to achieve improved materials. MSRR is a highly automated facility with a modular design capable of supporting multiple types of investigations. The NASA-provided Rack Support Subsystem provides services (power, thermal control, vacuum access, and command and data handling) to the ESA-developed Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) that accommodates interchangeable Furnace Inserts (FI). Two ESA-developed FIs are presently available on the ISS: the Low Gradient Furnace (LGF) and the Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF). Sample Cartridge Assemblies (SCAs), each containing one or more material samples, are installed in the FI by the crew and can be processed at temperatures up to 1400C. ESA continues to develop samples with 14 planned for launch and processing in the near future. Additionally NASA has begun developing SCAs to support US PIs and their partners. The first of these Flight SCAs are being developed for investigations to support research in the areas of crystal growth and liquid phase sintering. Subsequent investigations are in various stages of development. US investigations will include a ground test program in order to distinguish the particular effects of the absence of gravity.

Reagan, Shawn↗
NASA NTRS2016

Materials Science Research Rack Onboard the International Space Station

The Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR) is a research facility developed under a cooperative research agreement between NASA and ESA for materials science investigations on the International Space Station (ISS). MSRR was launched on STS-128 in August 2009 and currently resides in the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. Since that time, MSRR has logged more than 1400 hours of operating time. The MSRR accommodates advanced investigations in the microgravity environment on the ISS for basic materials science research in areas such as solidification of metals and alloys. The purpose is to advance the scientific understanding of materials processing as affected by microgravity and to gain insight into the physical behavior of materials processing. MSRR allows for the study of a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, semiconductor crystals, and glasses. Materials science research benefits from the microgravity environment of space, where the researcher can better isolate chemical and thermal properties of materials from the effects of gravity. With this knowledge, reliable predictions can be made about the conditions required on Earth to achieve improved materials. MSRR is a highly automated facility with a modular design capable of supporting multiple types of investigations. The NASA-provided Rack Support Subsystem provides services (power, thermal control, vacuum access, and command and data handling) to the ESA-developed Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) that accommodates interchangeable Furnace Inserts (FI). Two ESA-developed FIs are presently available on the ISS: the Low Gradient Furnace (LGF) and the Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF). Sample Cartridge Assemblies (SCAs), each containing one or more material samples, are installed in the FI by the crew and can be processed at temperatures up to 1400degC. ESA continues to develop samples with 14 planned for launch and processing in the near future. Additionally NASA has begun developing SCAs to support US PIs and their partners. The first of these Flight SCAs are being developed for investigations to support research in the areas of crystal growth and liquid phase sintering. Subsequent investigations are in various stages of development. US investigations will include a ground test program in order to distinguish the particular effects of the absence of gravity.

Reagan, S. E.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Materials Science Research Rack Onboard the International Space Station Hardware and Operations

The Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR) is a research facility developed under a cooperative research agreement between NASA and ESA for materials science investigations on the International Space Station (ISS). MSRR was launched on STS-128 in August 2009, and is currently installed in the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. Since that time, MSRR has performed virtually flawlessly, logging more than 620 hours of operating time. The MSRR accommodates advanced investigations in the microgravity environment on the ISS for basic materials science research in areas such as solidification of metals and alloys. The purpose is to advance the scientific understanding of materials processing as affected by microgravity and to gain insight into the physical behavior of materials processing. MSRR allows for the study of a variety of materials including metals, ceramics, semiconductor crystals, and glasses. Materials science research benefits from the microgravity environment of space, where the researcher can better isolate chemical and thermal properties of materials from the effects of gravity. With this knowledge, reliable predictions can be made about the conditions required on Earth to achieve improved materials. MSRR is a highly automated facility with a modular design capable of supporting multiple types of investigations. Currently the NASA-provided Rack Support Subsystem provides services (power, thermal control, vacuum access, and command and data handling) to the ESA developed Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) which accommodates interchangeable Furnace Inserts (FI). Two ESA-developed FIs are presently available on the ISS: the Low Gradient Furnace (LGF) and the Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF). Sample-Cartridge Assemblies (SCAs), each containing one or more material samples, are installed in the FI by the crew and can be processed at temperatures up to 1400 C. Once an SCA is installed, the experiment can be run by automatic command or science conducted via telemetry commands from the ground. Initially, 12 SCAs were processed in the first furnace insert for a team of European and US investigators. After these samples were processed the Furnaces Inserts were exchanged and an additional single sample was processed. The processed samples have been returned to Earth for evaluation and comparison of their properties to samples similarly processed on the ground. A preliminary examination of the samples indicates that the majority of the desired science objectives have been successfully met leading to significant improvements in the understanding of alloy solidification processes. Six SCAs were launched on Space Shuttle Mission STS-135 in July 2011 for processing during the Fall of 2011. Additional batches are planned for future processing. This facility is available to support additional materials science investigations through programs such as the US National Laboratory, Technology Development, NASA Research Announcements, and others.

Lehman, John R.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Quantitative In Situ Studies of Dynamic Fracture in Brittle Solids Using Dynamic X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging

Here, we demonstrate the use of X-ray phase contrast imaging with sub-microsecond temporal resolution to obtain quantitative visualization of dynamic fracture processes in brittle solids. We examine an amorphous solid (fused silica), a ceramic single crystal (single-crystal quartz), and a polycrystalline ceramic (boron carbide), in the form of single-edge notched specimens loaded using a three-point apparatus at nominal strain rates up to ~800 s -1 . We observe that the crack tip speed for boron carbide is relatively independent of mode I stress intensity factor rate ($\dot{K}$ I ) for these rates of loading, while that of fused silica and single-crystal quartz increases with $\dot{K}$ I . Further, for the amorphous and single crystal cases, we observe the development of a crack tip instability in the form of crack branching as the crack tip speed approaches 45% of the Rayleigh wave speed. This suggests that strain-rate-dependent mechanisms contribute to crack branching. Such mechanisms may, in turn, affect the macroscopic fracture properties of these materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ceramics from self-sustained reactions: Recent advances

Specific applications of self-sustained reactions to fabricate advanced ceramics, along with details such as synthesis conditions, mechanism of microstructure formation, and material properties, are overviewed. The latest achievements in the field include analysis of three such synthetic routes: reactive spark plasma sintering, combustion synthesis with mechanical stimulation, and solution combustion synthesis. Examples of fabrication of high-temperature nanostructured ceramics and composites, as well as non-equilibrium ceramic phases are also discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analysis of europium and samarium in aluminum oxide

The use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a technique for analysis of europium and samarium concentrations in ceramic aluminum oxide samples was investigated for application to studying lanthanide separation processes. Metal oxide powders of europium and/or samarium were mixed with aluminum oxide at varying concentrations and pressed into pellets. A comparison of different approaches to building a univariate simple linear regression analysis curve is presented. A linear behavior was seen over the total lanthanide concentration range from 0.086 to 12.358 weight percent (wt%). In conclusion, the calculated limits of detection for the univariate calibration curves were determined to range from 0.001 to 0.108 wt% and 0.001 and 0.183 wt% for europium and samarium, respectively.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Experimental and Theoretical Thermokinetic Analysis of the Na 3 VO 4 –CO 2 Reaction System under Different Physicochemical Conditions

Sodium vanadate (Na 3 VO 4 ) was synthesized, structural and microstructurally characterized as well as tested as possible carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) captor through thermodynamic calculations in addition to thermogravimetric dynamic and isothermal analyses. Ceramic structural characterization evidenced the formation of the Na 3 VO 4 crystal phase, while microstructural features evidenced dense agglomerates with a poor specific surface area, although synthesis temperature (600 °C) was not as high as that for other sodium ceramics. Na 3 VO 4 was investigated for the CO 2 capture process through dynamic and isothermal experiments, in the presence or absence of oxygen. All these experiments showed that Na 3 VO 4 possesses interesting CO 2 capture properties in a specific temperature range (520 and 600 °C). Isothermal products characterization allowed to elucidate the reaction pathway, implying the Na 4 V 2 O 7 formation, as possible reactive intermediate. In fact, reaction path evolution was supported with theoretical thermodynamic data. Moreover, the kinetic analysis, performed using the Avrami-Erofeev mathematical model and subsequent thermodynamic data obtention, probed the positive influence of the temperature, in both CO 2 superficial and bulk chemical sorption processes, while oxygen addition did not enhance the superficial process. Additionally, as it would be expected, kinetics were enhanced as a function of the CO 2 concentration.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic and dielectric properties of Aurivillius phase Bi{sub 6}Fe{sub 2}Ti{sub 3−2x}Nb{sub x}Co{sub x}O{sub 18} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4)

We investigate the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Bi{sub 6}Fe{sub 2}Ti{sub 3−2x}Nb{sub x}Co{sub x}O{sub 18} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4). The room-temperature ferromagnetism is observed in the Nb and Co co-doped samples compared with the paramagnetic behavior in Bi{sub 6}Fe{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 18}. The ferromagnetism in Bi{sub 6}Fe{sub 2}Ti{sub 3−2x}Nb{sub x}Co{sub x}O{sub 18} can be understood in terms of spin canting of the antiferromagnetic coupling of the Fe-based and Co-based sublattices via Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction. Moreover, doping Co at Ti sites can significantly enhance the ferromagnetic Curie temperature compared with the substitution of Co for Fe in the Aurivillius compounds. The dielectric loss of Bi{sub 6}Fe{sub 2}Ti{sub 3−2x}Nb{sub x}Co{sub x}O{sub 18} (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) exhibits a relaxation process. The rather large activation energy in the 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 samples implies that the relaxation process is not due to the thermal motion of oxygen vacancies inside ceramics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Metal–ceramic composite structures for fabrication of high power density plasmonic devices

The recent decade brought many advances to plasmonics, but high power density plasmonic antennas designed to behave as heaters or operate in high temperature environments are still facing material stability challenges preventing their ultimate use. Gold has been the optimal choice among plasmonic materials but experiences morphology changes at temperature that result in device efficiency reduction and failure. Bulk titanium nitride has been explored as a solution but has deal-breaking tradeoffs in device quality factor. In this paper, we explore via proof-of-concept the use of a metal–ceramic composite structure to determine whether a bulk Au nanorod can provide strong plasmonic resonances while coated with an ultrathin conformal layer of titanium nitride or silica to provide morphological stability and sufficient plasmonic activity without excessive resonance quality degradation. We show SEM-level morphological stability for temperatures up to 500 °C with coatings below 4 nm. Computer modeling suggests the ultrathin titanium nitride has detrimental effects on the strong plasmonic resonances of a Au nanorod. Here, we then looked into other possible coatings for solutions to stabilize high power density plasmonic antennas including plasmonic oxides, metal adhesion layers, and silica, the latter appearing to be the best option while lowering the overall peak electric field intensity, the silica increases the electric field intensity at its boundary.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Impact of Sintering Atmosphere and Temperature on the Phase Evolution of High Surface Area LSCF Prepared by In Situ Carbon Templating

The thermochemical stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF) processed between 1000 °C–1200 °C via the in situ carbon templating method was studied. This method generates high surface area ceramics at traditional solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) sintering temperatures by generating a carbon template in situ and subsequently removing the template by oxidation at 700 °C. Argon processed samples produced an amorphous carbon template, whereas nitrogen tended to form graphitic carbon. Prior to the oxidation step, nitrogen samples comprised larger La 2 O 3 crystallites (22–40 nm) compared to argon (9–17 nm). Upon oxidation, argon samples resulted in a pure LSCF phase with surface areas in the 21–29 m 2 ·g −1 range, whereas nitrogen samples contained significant impurities. This demonstrates that the size of La 2 O 3 crystallites formed during inert processing limited the ability to produce a pure LSCF phase. Symmetrical cells comprising nano-LSCF electrodes generated by the templating method were compared to cells sintered directly in air. Impedance results suggest that nano-LSCF cells and cells processed in air were dominated by interfacial charge transfer resistance and gas diffusion, respectively. The results map out conditions for preparing and integrating high surface area, nanostructured LSCF into SOFC electrodes at traditional sintering temperatures. Strategies for improving the interfacial resistance of nano-LSCF electrodes are discussed.

Muhoza, Sixbert P. (ORCID:0000000299864241)↗
DOE OSTI2020

Biocompatibility of a novel heat-treated and ceramic-coated magnesium alloy (Mg–1.2Zn–0.5Ca–0.5Mn) for resorbable skeletal fixation devices

Our recent exploration into the use of biodegradable metals and surface treatments resulting in sufficient strength for skeletal reconstruction applications has led to the need to test these devices’ cytotoxicity. More specifically, our group has developed a resorbable magnesium alloy, Mg–1.2Zn–0.5Ca–0.5Mn, that can be strengthened by heat treatment and coated with a ceramic layer offering time-certain resorption of a medical device. This in vitro study shows that these treatments do not result in cytotoxicity. Both heat-treated (HT) and HT + ceramic-coated (sol–gel) coupons demonstrated more than 70% viability. Thus, these processing steps are likely to be useful in producing biocompatible, resorbable implants that incorporate our Mg–1.2Zn–0.5Ca–0.5Mn alloy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Direct LiT Electrolysis in a Metallic Fusion Blanket

A process that simplifies the extraction of tritium from molten lithium-based breeding blankets was developed. The process is based on the direct electrolysis of lithium tritide using a ceramic Li ion conductor that replaces the molten salt extraction step. Extraction of tritium in the form of lithium tritide in the blankets/targets of fusion/fission reactors is critical in order to maintain low concentrations. This is needed to decrease the potential tritium permeation to the surroundings and large releases from unforeseen accident scenarios. Extraction is complicated due to required low tritium concentration limits and because of the high affinity of tritium for the blanket. This work identified, developed and tested the use of ceramic lithium ion conductors capable of recovering hydrogen and deuterium through an electrolysis step at high temperatures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗