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At least 919 records · Page 51
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1999

Omniview motionless camera orientation system

A device for omnidirectional image viewing providing pan-and-tilt orientation, rotation, and magnification within a hemispherical field-of-view that utilizes no moving parts. The imaging device is based on the effect that the image from a fisheye lens, which produces a circular image of at entire hemispherical field-of-view, which can be mathematically corrected using high speed electronic circuitry. More specifically, an incoming fisheye image from any image acquisition source is captured in memory of the device, a transformation is performed for the viewing region of interest and viewing direction, and a corrected image is output as a video image signal for viewing, recording, or analysis. As a result, this device can accomplish the functions of pan, tilt, rotation, and zoom throughout a hemispherical field-of-view without the need for any mechanical mechanisms. The preferred embodiment of the image transformation device can provide corrected images at real-time rates, compatible with standard video equipment. The device can be used for any application where a conventional pan-and-tilt or orientation mechanism might be considered including inspection, monitoring, surveillance, and target acquisition.

Zimmermann, Steven D.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Mars Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor Outreach Compilation

This videotape is a compilation of the best NASA JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) videos of the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor missions. The mission is described using animation and narration as well as some actual footage of the entire sequence of mission events. Included within these animations are the spacecraft orbit insertion; descent to the Mars surface; deployment of the airbags and instruments; and exploration by Sojourner, the Mars rover. JPL activities at spacecraft control during significant mission events are also included at the end. The spacecraft cameras pan the surrounding Mars terrain and film Sojourner traversing the surface and inspecting rocks. A single, brief, processed image of the Cydonia region (Mars face) at an oblique angle from the Mars Global Surveyor is presented. A description of the Mars Pathfinder mission, instruments, landing and deployment process, Mars approach, spacecraft orbit insertion, rover operation are all described using computer animation. Actual color footage of Sojourner as well as a 360 deg pan of the Mars terrain surrounding the spacecraft is provided. Lower quality black and white photography depicting Sojourner traversing the Mars surface and inspecting Martian rocks also is included.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2002

STS-109 Flight Day 7 Highlights

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is seen on its berthing platform on the rear of the cargo bay of the Columbia Orbiter. Additional footage shows the port solar array of the HST as well as the area where the new thermal blanket was installed. Mission Specialists James Newman and Michael J. Massimino are performing their spacewalk. The footage includes Newman unbolting and sliding out the Faint Object Camera, moving it into storage, then lifting the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) out of the cargo bay, and Massimino installing the ACS. The second stage of their spacewalk shows Newman retrieving the Electronic Support Module out of the cargo bay, and assisting Massimino as he installs the module and its connectors in front of the ACS. As they return to Columbia, additional members of the crew are seen preparing spacesuits for the following day's spacewalk and cleaning the seals on the airlock. The video concludes with Pilot Duane G. Carey interviewing Massimino about his spacewalk using internet questions from school children.

Source record↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Electrostatic Regolith Interaction Experiment (ERIE) Electrometer Initial Flight Results

The Electrostatic Regolith Interaction Experiment (ERIE) is a suborbital flight payload studying electrostatically charged dust particle dynamics under microgravity, jointly developed by University of Central Florida (UCF) and NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC). ERIE combines components from two systems, the COLLisions Into Dust Experiment (COLLIDE) from UCF and the Wheel Electrostatic Spectrometer (WES) from NASA KSC, to advance understanding of charged grain behavior on low gravity bodies such as the Moon and asteroids. ERIE slides a door containing an electrometer system monitoring various insulating disks across the surface of a regolith simulant bed. The experiment is activated when the payload enters the microgravity potion of the flight. The grains in the simulant bed tribocharge via agitation during launch as well as through frictional interactions with the door and its protruding insulators. As the retention door retracts, particles are allowed to loft into an open volume, achieving motion due to electrostatic repulsion. The electrometer system measures the charge transfer between the granular material and the insulators. As the charged grains exit the bed, they travel through an applied electric field and a camera observes the kinematics of the individual grains whose trajectories are determined by their net charges. The design of the ERIE electrometer instrument and initial results from the first flight was presented at the 2021 AGU Fall Meeting under P55E-2002. Shortly after microgravity was achieved and the retaining door began to open, the rate of charge acquisition measured by the electrometer increased, indicating the insulators were accumulating triboelectric charge. Charged grains were observed in the video data to traverse across the external electric field and become deflected from a linear path due to their charges. Pairs of grains were also observed to orbit one another as expected from two oppositely charged bodies in proximity to one another. Improvements to the design of the instrument and preliminary results obtained from the second flight scheduled for Q3 2022 will be presented at this meeting.

Electrostatics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Electrostatic Regolith Interaction Experiment (ERIE) Electrometer Initial Flight Results

The Electrostatic Regolith Interaction Experiment (ERIE) is a suborbital flight payload studying electrostatically charged dust particle dynamics under microgravity, jointly developed by University of Central Florida (UCF) and NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC). ERIE combines components from two systems, the COLLisions Into Dust Experiment (COLLIDE) from UCF and the Wheel Electrostatic Spectrometer (WES) from NASA KSC, to advance understanding of charged grain behavior on low gravity bodies such as the Moon and asteroids. ERIE slides a door containing an electrometer system monitoring various insulating disks across the surface of a regolith simulant bed. The experiment is activated when the payload enters the microgravity potion of the flight. The grains in the simulant bed tribocharge via agitation during launch as well as through frictional interactions with the door and its protruding insulators. As the retention door retracts, particles are allowed to loft into an open volume, achieving motion due to electrostatic repulsion. The electrometer system measures the charge transfer between the granular material and the insulators. As the charged grains exit the bed, they travel through an applied electric field and a camera observes the kinematics of the individual grains whose trajectories are determined by their net charges. The design of the ERIE electrometer instrument and initial results from the first flight was presented at the 2021 AGU Fall Meeting under P55E-2002. Shortly after microgravity was achieved and the retaining door began to open, the rate of charge acquisition measured by the electrometer increased, indicating the insulators were accumulating triboelectric charge. Charged grains were observed in the video data to traverse across the external electric field and become deflected from a linear path due to their charges. Pairs of grains were also observed to orbit one another as expected from two oppositely charged bodies in proximity to one another. Improvements to the design of the instrument and preliminary results obtained from the second flight scheduled for Q3 2022 will be presented at this meeting.

Electrostatics↗
NASA NTRS2001

Method and apparatus for calibrating a display using an array of cameras

The present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a display that can be calibrated and re-calibrated with a minimal amount of manual intervention. To accomplish this, the present invention provides one or more cameras to capture an image that is projected on a display screen. In one embodiment, the one or more cameras are placed on the same side of the screen as the projectors. In another embodiment, an array of cameras is provided on either or both sides of the screen for capturing a number of adjacent and/or overlapping capture images of the screen. In either of these embodiments, the resulting capture images are processed to identify any non-desirable characteristics including any visible artifacts such as seams, bands, rings, etc. Once the non-desirable characteristics are identified, an appropriate transformation function is determined. The transformation function is used to pre-warp the input video signal to the display such that the non-desirable characteristics are reduced or eliminated from the display. The transformation function preferably compensates for spatial non-uniformity, color non-uniformity, luminance non-uniformity, and/or other visible artifacts.

Johnson, Michael J.↗
NASA NTRS2010

IR Thermography NDE of ISS Radiator Panels

The presentation covers an active and a passive infrared (IR) thermography for detection of delaminations in the radiator panels used for the International Space Station (ISS) program. The passive radiator IR data was taken by a NASA astronaut in an extravehicular activity (EVA) using a modified FLIR EVA hand-held camera. The IR data could be successfully analyzed to detect gross facesheet disbonds. The technique used the internal hot fluid tube as the heat source in analyzing the IR data. Some non-flight ISS radiators were inspected using an active technique of IR flash thermography to detect disbond of face sheet with honeycomb core, and debonds in facesheet overlap areas. The surface temperature and radiated heat emission from flight radiators is stable during acquisition of the IR video data. This data was analyzed to detect locations of unexpected surface temperature gradients. The flash thermography data was analyzed using derivative analysis and contrast evolutions. Results of the inspection are provided.

Koshti, Ajay↗
NASA NTRS2003

STS-113 Mission Highlights Resource Tape Flight Days 1-3. Tape: 1 of 4

This video, part 1 of 4, shows the activities of the crew of Space Shuttle Endeavour during flight days 1-3 of STS-113. The crew consists of Commander Jim Wetherbee, Pilot Paul Lockhart, Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington. With them were the Expedition 6 crewmembers of the International Space Station (ISS), Ken Bowersox, Nikolai Budarin, and Don Pettit. Pre-launch procedures are shown, and the rain-delayed night launch is shown from several camera angles. On flight day 2 there was a check out of the Canadarm on Endeavour, and some intravehicular activity. Flight day 3 highlights the docking of Endeavour and the ISS, and preparation for an extravehicular activity (EVA) the following day. Earth views include the English Channel at night with a close-up of London, the coast of Ecuador, and some views of Endeavour with the Earth in the background.

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NASA NTRS1996

Finite Element Modeling of the Thermographic Inspection for Composite Materials

The performance of composite materials is dependent on the constituent materials selected, material structural geometry, and the fabrication process. Flaws can form in composite materials as a result of the fabrication process, handling in the manufacturing environment, and exposure in the service environment to anomalous activity. Often these flaws show no indication on the surface of the material while having the potential of substantially degrading the integrity of the composite structure. For this reason it is important to have available inspection techniques that can reliably detect sub-surface defects such as inter-ply disbonds, inter-ply cracks, porosity, and density changes caused by variations in fiber volume content. Many non-destructive evaluation techniques (NDE) are capable of detecting sub-surface flaws in composite materials. These include shearography, video image correlation, ultrasonic, acoustic emissions, and X-ray. The difficulty with most of these techniques is that they are time consuming and often difficult to apply to full scale structures. An NDE technique that appears to have the capability to quickly and easily detect flaws in composite structure is thermography. This technique uses heat to detect flaws. Heat is applied to the surface of a structure with the use of a heat lamp or heat gun. A thermographic camera is then pointed at the surface and records the surface temperature as the composite structure cools. Flaws in the material will cause the thermal-mechanical material response to change. Thus, the surface over an area where a flaw is present will cool differently than regions where flaws do not exist. This paper discusses the effort made to thermo-mechanically model the thermography process. First the material properties and physical parameters used in the model will be explained. This will be followed by a detailed discussion of the finite element model used. Finally, the result of the model will be summarized along with recommendations for future work.

Bucinell, Ronald B.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The San Fernando Observatory video Stokes polarimeter

A study was conducted to determine the suitability of the San Fernando Observatory's 61 cm (24 inch) aperture vacuum solar telescope and 3 m (118 inch) focal length vacuum spectroheliograph for Stokes Polarimetry measurements. The polarization characteristics of these two instruments was measured by determining their Mueller matrices as a function of telescope orientation, field angle, wavelength, grating type, and position of the measuring beam in the telescope entrance window. In general, the polarizing and depolarizing properties are small so that inversion of the system Mueller matrix will permit the accurate measurement of Stokes profiles for vector magnetic field determination. A proposed polarimeter design based on the use of a TV camera system to simultaneously scan six different polarization components of a given line profile is described. This design, which uses no rotating optics or electronic modulators and makes efficient use of the available irradiance, promises to yield high quality vector magnetograms.

Richter, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1966

Sensory, Decision and Control Systems: April to July 1966

The quarter reported here for the NASA contract, and the longer period reported for the Air Force contract, saw the development of two system concepts for the transmission of video data from a remote location to Earth. In the simpler system, a stereoscopic outline together with other data such as reflectance and possibly the texture of objects will be transmitted to Earth. The objects considered are those larger than a predetermined size and within a predetermined range. From the stereoscopic outlines presented to the operator on Earth he will decide what objects he would like pictured in full TV frames and order these transmitted. In the more elaborate system, TV cameras will be carried on a vehicle and the direction in which the vehicle moves will be chosen by an onboard decision computer. Perceptual decisions may also be made to identify objects whose characteristics have been reported to Earth and whose value to the Earth observer has been communicated back to the perceptual computer. The assembly of cameras, perceptual computer, decision computer and vehicle is called a robot. Photosensors for this robot are television cameras, the first models of which have been tested under computer control. A model of both the perceptual computer and the decision computer has been simulated. It consists of 12 modules, each of which makes an initial guess as to what the response to incoming data should be. Each takes the data from all other modules and combines it in a nonlinear fashion with the data coming directly into it to arrive at a mixed guess as to what act should be performed. When 60% of the modules vote 0. 5 probability for one act, that act is performed. Convergence to a satisfactory decision took from 5 to 25 time steps. The model of the frog's retina previously reported is here extended to that part of the brain, called the tectum, where the frog begins to respond to objects detected by the retina.

Control system↗
NASA NTRS2003

STS-112 Mission Highlights Resource Tape, Part 1 of 3

This video, Part 1 of 3, shows the activities of the STS-112 crew on flight days 1 - 3. The crew included Commander Jeff Ashby, Pilot Pam Melroy, and Mission Specialists Sandy Magnus, David Wolf, Piers Sellers, and Fyodor Yurchikhin. Flight day 1 begins with an introduction of the astronauts, seen during their pre-flight banquet, and suit-up. The ingress of some of the crew into the Space Shuttle Atlantis is shown. The launch footage includes the view from a camera mounted on the shuttle's external fuel tank, as well as replays. The separation of the shuttle's booster rockets is also shown. On flight day 2 a view of the payload bay and orbiter docking mechanism on Atlantis is shown from a camera on the shuttle's robotic arm. The footage of flight day 3 includes the docking of Atlantis and the International Space Station (ISS), and the exchange of greetings between the two spacecrews. Views of Earth include a pass over the western United States on flight day 2, and a night view of China on flight day 3.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1995

A Mars Rover Mission Simulation on Kilauea Volcano

A field experiment to simulate a rover mission on Mars was performed using the Russian Marsokhod rover deployed on Kilauea Volcano HI in February, 1995. A Russian Marsokhod rover chassis was equipped with American avionics equipment, stereo cameras on a pan and tilt platform, a digital high resolution body-mounted camera, and a manipulator arm on which was mounted a camera with a close-up lens. The six wheeled rover is 2 meters long and has a mass of 120 kg. The imaging system was designed to simulate that used on the planned "Mars Together" mission. The rover was deployed on Kilauea Volcano HI and operated from NASA Ames by a team of planetary geologists and exobiologists. Two modes of mission operations were simulated for three days each: (1) long time delay, low data bandwidth (simulating a Mars mission), and (2) live video, wide-bandwidth data (allowing active control simulating a Lunar rover mission or a Mars rover mission controlled from on or near the Martian surface). Simulated descent images (aerial photographs) were used to plan traverses to address a detailed set of science questions. The actual route taken was determined by the science team and the traverse path was frequently changed in response to the data acquired and to unforeseen operational issues. Traverses were thereby optimized to efficiently answer scientific questions. During the Mars simulation, the rover traversed a distance of 800 m. Based on the time delay between Earth and Mars, we estimate that the same operation would have taken 30 days to perform on Mars. This paper will describe the mission simulation and make recommendations about incorporating rovers into the Mars surveyor program.

Stoker, Carol↗
NASA NTRS1984

Slow Scan Telemedicine

Originally developed under contract for NASA by Ball Bros. Research Corporation for acquiring visual information from lunar and planetary spacecraft, system uses standard closed circuit camera connected to a device called a scan converter, which slows the stream of images to match an audio circuit, such as a telephone line. Transmitted to its destination, the image is reconverted by another scan converter and displayed on a monitor. In addition to assist scans, technique allows transmission of x-rays, nuclear scans, ultrasonic imagery, thermograms, electrocardiograms or live views of patient. Also allows conferencing and consultation among medical centers, general practitioners, specialists and disease control centers. Commercialized by Colorado Video, Inc., major employment is in business and industry for teleconferencing, cable TV news, transmission of scientific/engineering data, security, information retrieval, insurance claim adjustment, instructional programs, and remote viewing of advertising layouts, real estate, construction sites or products.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1992

On line quantification of crystal surfaces by stereo imaging

The shape of an interface while a crystal is growing inside a crystal growth furnace is an important measurement to assess the crystal quality on-line. If the crystal surface can be visualized by video or x ray imaging, the interface shape can be determined by the stereo image processing techniques. This paper presents a methodology to determine the shape of the solid-melt interface by stereo based imaging techniques while the crystal is growing inside a transparent furnace. The methodology generates qualitative shape information provided that a good pair of stereo images of the interface can be captured. For a quantitative shape description, i.e., for the determination of interface points with respect to a fixed coordinate frame, both cameras must be calibrated. This paper illustrates the methodology for qualitative shape determination of lead bromide crystal interface.

Batur, Celal↗
NASA NTRS1992

Methodology issues concerning the accuracy of kinematic data collection and analysis using the ariel performance analysis system

Kinematics, the study of motion exclusive of the influences of mass and force, is one of the primary methods used for the analysis of human biomechanical systems as well as other types of mechanical systems. The Anthropometry and Biomechanics Laboratory (ABL) in the Crew Interface Analysis section of the Man-Systems Division performs both human body kinematics as well as mechanical system kinematics using the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS). The APAS supports both analysis of analog signals (e.g. force plate data collection) as well as digitization and analysis of video data. The current evaluations address several methodology issues concerning the accuracy of the kinematic data collection and analysis used in the ABL. This document describes a series of evaluations performed to gain quantitative data pertaining to position and constant angular velocity movements under several operating conditions. Two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional data collection and analyses were completed in a controlled laboratory environment using typical hardware setups. In addition, an evaluation was performed to evaluate the accuracy impact due to a single axis camera offset. Segment length and positional data exhibited errors within 3 percent when using three-dimensional analysis and yielded errors within 8 percent through two-dimensional analysis (Direct Linear Software). Peak angular velocities displayed errors within 6 percent through three-dimensional analyses and exhibited errors of 12 percent when using two-dimensional analysis (Direct Linear Software). The specific results from this series of evaluations and their impacts on the methodology issues of kinematic data collection and analyses are presented in detail. The accuracy levels observed in these evaluations are also presented.

Wilmington, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Full-Scale Passive Earth Entry Vehicle Landing Tests: Methods and Measurements

During the summer of 2016, a series of drop tests were conducted on two passive earth entry vehicle (EEV) test articles at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR). The tests were conducted to evaluate the structural integrity of a realistic EEV vehicle under anticipated landing loads. The test vehicles were lifted to an altitude of approximately 400m via a helicopter and released via release hook into a predesignated 61 m landing zone. Onboard accelerometers were capable of measuring vehicle free flight and impact loads. High-speed cameras on the ground tracked the free-falling vehicles and data was used to calculate critical impact parameters during the final seconds of flight. Additional sets of high definition and ultra-high definition cameras were able to supplement the high-speed data by capturing the release and free flight of the test articles. Three tests were successfully completed and showed that the passive vehicle design was able to withstand the impact loads from nominal and off-nominal impacts at landing velocities of approximately 29 m/s. Two out of three test resulted in off-nominal impacts due to a combination of high winds at altitude and the method used to suspend the vehicle from the helicopter. Both the video and acceleration data captured is examined and discussed. Finally, recommendations for improved release and instrumentation methods are presented.

Littell, Justin D.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Visual and Inertial Datasets for an eVTOL Aircraft Approach and Landing Scenario

A National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) project developing computer vision algorithms for autonomous flight is producing real-world datasets with cameras mounted on aircraft. In related domains, such as autonomous driving, open datasets are key to innovation and advancement in computer vision and autonomous perception for future Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) operations. Few vision datasets, however, are publicly available in the aviation context. This paper introduces preliminary datasets containing several examples of approach and landing scenarios. The platform aircraft include a multirotor small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) and a crewed helicopter as surrogates for future electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The dataset provides video imagery with associated inertial navigation system-global positioning system (INS-GPS) position and attitude estimates and other sensors. Surveyed locations of the visual features of the landing area are included. This dataset is the first to be released in an ongoing effort to collect and share large, diverse datasets relevant to autonomous aviation; community critique that can inform and improve future flight campaigns is welcome.

Nelson Brown↗