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DOE OSTI2018

Electrodeposition processes for magnetostrictive resonators

The present invention relates to magnetoelastic resonators, sensors, and tunable devices, as well as methods for making such components. The resonators can be used as tags and/or sensors. In general, the resonators include one or more micron-sized resonator portions affixed on a substrate. For use as a tag, each tag includes a plurality of resonator portions that allow for multiplexed coding, and methods for making tags and arrays of such tags include use of electrodeposition processes. In particular embodiments, these components include an electrodeposited material that exhibits magnetostrictive properties.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2019

Electrodeposition processes for magnetostrictive resonators

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2019

Microfabricated magnetostrictive resonator

A microfabricated magnetic resonator is provided. The microfabricated magnetic resonator has one or more resonator portions, each of which is a magnetoelastic resonating structure having a maximum circumference or maximum linear dimension in at least one direction that is less than 1000 μm. At least one of the resonator portions comprises an electrodeposited material comprising at least a cobalt constituent and an iron constituent.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy: A Modal-Analysis Approach for Additive Manufacturing

Resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy is a methodology capable of measuring a change in modal resonant frequencies of material structures. It encompasses an inversion technique based on the eigen-frequencies of a simple regular sample geometry to estimate the elastic tensor of a solid. Obtaining an accurate and complete set of resonant frequencies is a critical first step in the RUS process. In this paper a variety of techniques to extract and validate material resonances from complicated RUS measurement spectra are developed. Various processing methodologies employing modal analysis techniques are applied to estimate the underlying resonances that lead to the extraction of the elastic coefficients characterizing the specimen under test. A case study of a simple isotropic material (304 SS) is investigated to analyze the algorithms and evaluate their performance

Coal, lignite, and peat↗

DOE OSTI2022

140,142 Ce Neutron Cross Section Resolved Resonance Region Evaluation [Abstract]

A resolved resonance region evaluation of 140,142 Ce has been carried out by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Requested by the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, this evaluation is based on recent high-resolution transmission and capture high-resolution measurements of nat Ce and 142 Ce conducted at JRC-GEEL at the Geel Linear Accelerator facility, as well as recently measured thermal constants available from the EXFOR database. Starting from the resonance parameters from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library and following a preliminary R-matrix analysis, an updated set of resonance parameters and corresponding covariance information was derived by the fit of these experimental datasets using the Reich-Moore approximation of the R-matrix theory as implemented in the SAMMY code system. The resolved resonance region upper energy limit for 140 Ce was kept at 200 keV while the 142 Ce resonance region was extended from 13 to 26 keV. This new evaluation was found to be in good agreement not only with several integral quantities of interest to the reactor physics community, but also with the stellar Maxwellian-averaged cross section.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2022

New opportunities for Insight into Emergence of Hadron Mass from Studies of Nucleon Resonance Electroexcitation

Understanding the emergence of hadron mass (EHM) represents one of the most challenging and still open problems in the Standard Model. Results of EHM studies from the nucleon resonance electroexcitation amplitudes (gvpN* electrocouplings) determined from exclusive meson electroproduction data measured with the CLAS detector will be presented in this talk. These CLAS data have provided the first and only available results on the evolution of the ?vpN* electrocouplings with photon virtuality Q2 up to 5 GeV2 for most nucleon resonances in the mass range up to 1.8 GeV. A successful description of the CLAS results on the Q2-evolution of the ?(1232)3/2+, N(1440)1/2+, and ?(1600)3/2+ electrocouplings achieved within the CSM approach by employing the same dressed quark mass function inferred from the QCD Lagrangian, which also provided a successful description of the pion elastic electromagnetic form factor and PDF, and nucleon elastic form factor, conclusively demonstrated the capability of gaining insight into EHM. The expected results from the CLAS12 detector on the Q2-evolution of the gvpN* electrocouplings for all prominent resonances in the mass range up to 2 GeV at the still almost unexplored range of Q2>5 GeV2 will allow us to place tight constraints on the dressed quark mass function in the range of quark momenta where the substantial part of hadron mass ~50% is expected to be generated. Consistent results on the momentum dependence of the dressed quark mass obtained from analyses of the ?vpN* electrocouplings of nucleon resonances of different structure will validate insight into EHM in a nearly model-independent way, allowing us to address key open problems in hadron physics on the emergence of hadron mass and nucleon resonance structure from QCD.

Mokeev, Viktor↗

DOE OSTI2022

Search for the NΔ resonance in the 𝛾𝑑 → 𝑑𝜋 +𝜋 − reaction

A dibaryon which is an object with baryon number B = 2 has been studied for a long time. Dyson and Xuong classified non-strangeness dibaryon states based on SU(6) symmetries in 1960?s. In the framework, the deuteron is classified as one of the sextet states of dibaryons. Although dibaryon have been an interesting subject of research for a long time, most of the experimental studies up to the early 2000?s were unsuccessful. The CELCIUS/WASA collaboration reported this state via the double-pionic fusion reaction (?= ! 3c0c0) in 2009. Thereafter, the WASA-at-COSY collaboration revealed properties of the isoscaler resonance state via the ?= ! 3c0c0 reaction in 2011. The dibaryon resonance state with isospin ? = 0 and spin ( = 3 thought to be a ?03 which was predicted by Dyson and Xuong at 2.35 GeV?22 with a configuration of ??. The reported mass and width of that state were 2?37 GeV?22 and 0?07 GeV?22, espectively. The mass was ?0?08 GeV?22 smaller than that of 2?, the width was narrower than that of single ?. This surprising result made dibaryon study come back into the limelight. ?12 is one of the dibaryon states classified by Dyson and Xuong with isospin ? = 1, spin ( = 2. This state can be regarded as an s-wave #? resonance. ?12 is an interesting state from the point of view of the possibilities of existence as an internal structure of ?03 and contribution to many-body effects in nuclei. Though there were some experimental clues and theoretical studies of this state, it was unclear whether the obtained experimental results represented a real resonance or not due to the difficulty of separation from kinematical effects. Very recently, the FOREST group at Tohoku University reported a photoproduced isovector dibaryon state at mass of 2.14 GeV?22 in the 3c0 invariant mass spectra of the W3 ! 3c0c0 reaction. The most probable ?% configuration was 2¸ although they didn?t exclude the possibility of ?% = 1¸ or 3?. They separated the dibaryon production process from conventional pion production process for the first time using angular distribution of deuteron. We investigated the W3 ! 3c¸c? reaction for study of a possible #? dibaryon state using a deuterium target at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Japan. In the experiment, ?3 ? 1012 tagged photon beam at energies ranging from 0.8 to 1.1 GeV was impinged to the liquid deuterium target (?520 mg?cm2) and the charged particles in the final state: deuteron, c¸, and c?, were detected by a magnetic spectrometer with a large solid angle named NKS2. NKS2 had capabilities of reconstructing momentum of charged particles, multi-track analysis, and ??c separation. We performed two different analyses named 2-track analysis and 3-track analysis. The 2-track (3-track) analysis was for events in which two (three) particles of 3c¸c? in the final state, including deuteron, were detected by NKS2. In the 3-track and 2-track analysis, ?2000? ?15000 events were identified as the W3 ! 3c¸c? reaction events, respectively. The 2-track analysis with higher statistics was mainly used to derive the cross sections, and the 3-track analysis was used to check the consistency of the 2-track analysis. In this thesis, we have shown the total cross section, the differential cross sections of the W3 ! 3c¸c? reaction in the region of jC j ¡ 0?15 GeV2. This is the world?s first measurement of this reaction in this energy region. Dibaryon resonance structures were observed below the #? threshold in the differential cross section of the invariant mass of 3c?. The mass and width of the structure were consistent with these of ?12 measured by the W3 ! 3c0c0 reaction. The mechanism of the production process was discussed based on the angular distribution of emitted deuteron.

Toyama, Yuichi↗

DOE OSTI2016

Finalizing the {sup 63}Cu and {sup 65}Cu Resonance Evaluations for the ENDF/B-VIII Release

The resolved resonance region evaluation for the only two natural isotopes of copper ({sup 63}Cu and {sup 65}Cu) was carried out at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP). The particular interest in the isotope of copper arose because it was linked with poor performance of the Zeus series of integral benchmarks from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP). Good agreement between the calculated and experimentally measured values for the ICSBEP benchmarks is essential to the NCSP because the ICSBEP benchmarks are used for validation purposes of criticality safety calculations. The particular set of four Zeus experiments had a highly-enriched uranium core with a thick copper-reflector resulting in a large sensitivity of the criticality of these systems to the cross section of copper in the intermediate energy range. Sobes et al. presented the effect of the newly resolved resonance region evaluations for the two isotopes of copper on the Zeus integral benchmarks, as well as 23 other benchmarks from the ICSBEP during the 2016 ANS Annual Meeting. The results presented in Ref. were calculated with the ENDF/B-VII.1 cross section libraries used for all other materials. However, it is suggested that the resolved resonance region evaluations for the isotopes of copper should not be judged only on their performance in the integral benchmark calculations especially when the ENDF/B-VII.1 cross sections are used for all of the other isotopes. Three reasons are provided for this. First and foremost, a new evaluation is an assessment of the physics of the nucleus of the particular isotope, and the goal of an application agnostic nuclear data evaluation is to improve evaluation by fitting state-of-the art R-Matrix formalism to highly precise experimental cross section measurements. The improved performance in the integral benchmarks should only come as a consequence of the improvement in the physics of the evaluation. Secondly, there is some uncertainty in the nuclear data evaluation of the cross section of all isotopes, so there could be some error in evaluating another isotope used in calculating the integral benchmark experiment. Such an error may have been having a compensating effect, in combination with the previous evaluations for the isotopes of copper. Thirdly, with the two isotopes of copper proposed for inclusion in the upcoming release of the ENDF/B-VIII library, performance of the new resonance evaluation for copper should be evaluated based on the calculation of the integral benchmarks with all of the evaluations proposed for inclusion in the ENDF/B-VIII release. These benchmarking results using the ENDF/B-VIII evaluations as they converge closer to their final form will be presented at the conference. This summary stresses the importance of the physics of the evaluation and reviews some of the steps taken in finalizing a resolved resonance region evaluation. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Search For Low-Mass Quark-Antiquark Resonances Produced With an Initial State Photon at 13 TeV Using the CMS Detector

We present a search for low-mass narrow qq̅ resonances. This search uses data from LHC pp collisions at a center of mass of 13 TeV in Run 2, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb^{-1}, currently using 10\% of data. Utilizing full Run 2 data allows the use of a lower photon pT threshold trigger than a previous analysis performed with only 2016 data, allowing this analysis to be more sensitive to resonances in the low mass region. We require an initial state photon recoiling against the narrow resonance, leading to the resonance having a high transverse momentum. The high pT decay products of the resonance collimate and are reconstructed as a single large jet with an internal two-pronged substructure. A two-pronged dijet score based on the ParticleNet tagger is used to select jets with two-pronged substructure. The background is estimated via a data-driven method using a transfer factor between the distributions which fail and pass the two-pronged substructure requirement. The new physics signal is searched for as a narrow peak excess above the Standard Model backgrounds in the jet mass spectrum.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Ring resonator with integrated detector for monitoring light comprising an annular detection region that is physically isolated from a waveguide core

Examples described herein relate to a ring resonator. The ring resonator may include an annular waveguide having a waveguide base and a waveguide core narrower than the waveguide base. Further, the ring resonator may include an outer contact region comprising a first-type doping and disposed annularly and at least partially surrounding an outer annular surface of the waveguide base. Furthermore, the ring resonator may include an inner contact region comprising a second-type doping and disposed annularly contacting an inner annular surface of the waveguide base. Moreover, the ring resonator may include an annular detector region disposed annularly at a distance from and covering at least a portion of a surface of the waveguide core and contacting the outer contact region.

Yuan, Yuan↗

DOE OSTI2019

Automated chemical resonance generation and structure filtration for kinetic modeling

This study discusses efficient and automated methods for constructing a set of representative resonance structures for arbitrary chemical species, including radicals and biradicals, consisting of the elements H, C, O, N, and S. Determining the representative reactive structures of chemical species is crucial for identification of reactive sites and consequently applying the correct reaction templates to generate the set of important reactions during automated chemical kinetic model generation. We describe a fundamental set of resonance pathway types, accounting for simple resonating structures, as well as global approaches for polycyclic aromatic species. Automatically discovering potential localized structures along with filtration to identify the representative structures was shown to be robust and relatively fast. The algorithms discussed here were recently implemented in the Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) software. The final structures proposed by this method were found to be in reasonable agreement with quantum chemical computation results of localized structure contributions to the resonance hybrid.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2025

Detecting isolated resonance curves using fixed frequency voltage control tests

Isolated resonance curves, or isolas, are resonance branches of the harmonically forced system that exist separately from the main nonlinear forced response curve, leading to excessive vibrations. Traditional stepped or swept sine simulations and tests rely on continuation along the frequency parameter, typically resulting in a jump phenomenon along the primary resonance branch, prior to the disconnected isola. The main objective of this research is to propose an approach to identify isolated resonance curves by performing continuation along the input amplitude that initializes the response from a low-amplitude solution in the linear regime. Furthermore, this is achieved with the open-loop fixed frequency voltage control method that continues along the shaker voltage parameter and measures the so-called S-curves, which are theoretically a continuous solution branch that connect to the isola. The methodology is demonstrated on a fixture-wing-pylon assembly with a vibro-impact nonlinearity localized in a pylon subcomponent attachment. Multi-harmonic balance simulations are deployed to compute both the nonlinear forced response curves and S-curves to demonstrate the isola detection strategy on a reduced-order finite element model of the nonlinear system. Swept sine and fixed frequency voltage control tests are then conducted on the physical structure to demonstrate the isola detection experimentally, revealing the existence of the large amplitude vibrations that are undetected in the forces levels and frequencies measured with traditional frequency sweeping.

Characterization and Analytical Technique↗

DOE OSTI2019

Characterization of tunable electromagnetic band gap material with disordered cavity resonator for X band imaging applications by resistive devices

Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) integrated monopole antenna is investigated in deformed cavity resonator in this study. The operation frequency is chosen as X band frequency regime and designs are completed for this frequency. Firstly, a square grounded monopole antenna is designed and analytically examined, then EBG grounded monopole is designed and tested. After that operation, an 8 cm × 8 cm × 8 cm cubic cavity resonator designed and antennas are examined in it. Moreover, a cuboid deformation is added in one corner of metallic cavity resonator to perturb rectangular eigenmodes. Also, tunability of this structure is tested by various resistive lumped elements, and according to results, resonance shifting and magnitude changes are obtained. This suggested structure is also an adjustable impedance surface and can be used in sensing, detection and microwave imaging applications.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2013

Coherence of magnetic resonators in a metamaterial

The coherence of periodic magnetic resonators (MRs) under oblique incidence is studied using simulations. The correlated phase of interaction including both the retardation effect and relative phase difference between two MRs is defined, and it plays a key role in the MR interaction. The correlated phase is anisotropic, as is the coherence condition. The coherence condition is the same as the Wood's anomaly and verified by the Fano resonance. This study shows that the applications of the Fano resonance of periodic MRs will become widespread owing to achieving the Fano resonance simply by tuning the incident angle.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2014

Influence of microwave driver coupling design on plasma density at Testbench for Ion sources Plasma Studies, a 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Reactor

A comparative study of two microwave driver systems (preliminary and optimized) for a 2.45 GHz hydrogen Electron Cyclotron Resonance plasma generator has been conducted. The influence on plasma behavior and parameters of stationary electric field distribution in vacuum, i.e., just before breakdown, along all the microwave excitation system is analyzed. 3D simulations of resonant stationary electric field distributions, 2D simulations of external magnetic field mapping, experimental measurements of incoming and reflected power, and electron temperature and density along the plasma chamber axis have been carried out. By using these tools, an optimized set of plasma chamber and microwave coupler has been designed paying special attention to the optimization of stationary electric field value in the center of the plasma chamber. This system shows a strong stability on plasma behavior allowing a wider range of operational parameters and even sustaining low density plasma formation without external magnetic field. In addition, the optimized system shows the capability to produce values of plasma density four times higher than the preliminary as a consequence of a deeper penetration of the magnetic resonance surface in relative high electric field zone by keeping plasma stability. The increment of the amount of resonance surface embedded in the plasma under high electric field is suggested as a key factor.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2014

Time-domain response of atomically thin MoS{sub 2} nanomechanical resonators

We measure the energy relaxation rate of single- and few-layer molybdenum disulphide (MoS{sub 2}) nanomechanical resonators by detecting the resonator ring-down. Recent experiments on these devices show a remarkably low quality (Q)-factor when taking spectrum measurements at room temperature. The origin of the low spectral Q-factor is an open question, and it has been proposed that besides dissipative processes, frequency fluctuations contribute significantly to the resonance line-width. The spectral measurements performed thus far however, do not allow one to distinguish these two processes. Here, we use time-domain measurements to quantify the dissipation. We compare the Q-factor obtained from the ring-down measurements to those obtained from the thermal noise spectrum and from the frequency response of the driven device. In few-layer and single-layer MoS{sub 2} resonators, the two are in close agreement, which demonstrates that the spectral line-width in MoS{sub 2} membranes at room temperature is limited by dissipation, and that excess spectral broadening plays a negligible role.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2014

Coupling of a locally implanted rare-earth ion ensemble to a superconducting micro-resonator

We demonstrate the coupling of rare-earth ions locally implanted in a substrate (Gd{sup 3+} in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) to a superconducting NbN lumped-element micro-resonator. The hybrid device is fabricated by a controlled ion implantation of rare-earth ions in well-defined micron-sized areas, aligned to lithographically defined micro-resonators. The technique does not degrade the internal quality factor of the resonators which remain above 10{sup 5}. Using microwave absorption spectroscopy, we observe electron-spin resonances in good agreement with numerical modelling and extract corresponding coupling rates of the order of 1 MHz and spin linewidths of 50–65 MHz.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2015

Tuner and radiation shield for planar electron paramagnetic resonance microresonators

Planar microresonators provide a large boost of sensitivity for small samples. They can be manufactured lithographically to a wide range of target parameters. The coupler between the resonator and the microwave feedline can be integrated into this design. To optimize the coupling and to compensate manufacturing tolerances, it is sometimes desirable to have a tuning element available that can be adjusted when the resonator is connected to the spectrometer. This paper presents a simple design that allows one to bring undercoupled resonators into the condition for critical coupling. In addition, it also reduces radiation losses and thereby increases the quality factor and the sensitivity of the resonator.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗