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Renormalization group improved photon impact factors and the high energy virtual photon scattering
We perform the renormalization group improved collinear resummation of the photon-gluon impact factors. We construct the resummed cross section for virtual photon-photon (γ ∗ γ ∗ ) scattering which incorporates the impact factors and BFKL gluon Green’s function up to the next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy in energy. The impact factors include important kinematical effects which are responsible for the most singular poles in Mellin space at next-to-leading order. Further conditions on the resummed cross section are obtained by requiring the consistency with the collinear limits. Our analysis is consistent with previous impact factor calculations at NLO, apart from a new term proportional to C F that we find for the longitudinal polarization. Finally, we use the resummed cross section to compare with the LEP data on the γ ∗ γ ∗ cross section and with previous calculations. The resummed result is lower than the leading logarithmic approximation but higher than the pure next-to-leading one, and is consistent with the experimental data.
Boundary correlators and the Schwarzian mode
The effective low temperature dynamics of near-extremal black holes is governed by the quantum fluctuations of the Schwarzian mode of JT gravity. Utilizing as a proxy a planar charged black hole in asymptotically Anti-de-Sitter spacetime, we investigate the effects of these fluctuations on a probe scalar field. The corresponding holographic real-time boundary correlators are computed following a holographic renormalization procedure, using the dubbed gravitational Schwinger-Keldysh geometry (grSK) and known exact results of boundary correlators from the near-horizon region. This analysis gives rise to a retarded Green’s function that decays as a power law for late Lorentzian times. Its analytic structure indicates the presence of a branch cut in the complex frequency domain at finite temperature. These features are a non-perturbative hallmark that prevails as long as the planar transverse space is kept compact.
Instanton liquid properties from lattice QCD
Here, we examined the instanton contribution to the QCD configurations generated from lattice QCD for N F = 0, N F = 2 + 1 and N F = 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical quark flavors from two different and complementary approaches. First via the use of Gradient flow, we computed instanton liquid properties using an algorithm to localize instantons in the gauge field configurations and studied their evolution with flow time. Then, the analysis of the running at low momenta of gluon Green's functions serves as an independent confirmation of the instanton density which can also be derived without the use of the Gradient flow.
Constraints on quasinormal modes and bounds for critical points from pole-skipping
We consider a holographic thermal state and perturb it by a scalar operator whose associated real-time Green’s function has only gapped poles. These gapped poles correspond to the non-hydrodynamic quasinormal modes of a massive scalar perturbation around a Schwarzschild black brane. Relations between pole-skipping points, critical points and quasinormal modes in general emerge when the mass of the scalar and hence the dual operator dimension is varied. First, this novel analysis reveals a relation between the location of a mode in the infinite tower of quasinormal modes and the number of pole-skipping points constraining its dispersion relation at imaginary momenta. Second, for the first time, we consider the radii of convergence of the derivative expansions about the gapped quasinormal modes. These convergence radii turn out to be bounded from above by the set of all pole-skipping points. Furthermore, a transition between two distinct classes of critical points occurs at a particular value for the conformal dimension, implying close relations between critical points and pole-skipping points in one of those two classes. We show numerically that all of our results are also true for gapped modes of vector and tensor operators.
Shaping dark photon spectral distortions
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum is an extraordinary tool for exploring physics beyond the Standard Model. The exquisite precision of its measurement makes it particularly sensitive to small effects caused by hidden sector interactions. In particular, CMB spectral distortions can unveil the existence of dark photons which are kinetically coupled to the standard photon. In this work, we use the COBE-FIRAS dataset to derive accurate and robust limits on photon-to-dark-photon oscillations for a large range of dark photon masses, from 10$^{−10}$ to 10$^{−4}$ eV. We consider in detail the redshift dependence of the bounds, computing CMB distortions due to photon injection/removal using a Green’s function method. Our treatment improves on previous results, which had set limits studying energy injection/removal into baryons rather than photon injection/removal, or ignoring the redshift evolution of distortions. The difference between our treatment and previous ones is particularly noticeable in the predicted spectral shape of the distortions, a smoking gun signature for photon-to-dark-photon oscillations. The characterization of the spectral shape is crucial for future CMB missions, which could improve the present sensitivity by orders of magnitude, exploring regions of the dark photon parameter space that are otherwise difficult to access [inline-graphic not available: see fulltext].
Quantum calculations of the cavity shift in electron magnetic moment measurements
The measurement of the anomalous electron magnetic moment g – 2 through quantum transitions of a single trapped electron is the most stringent test of quantum field theory. These experiments are now so precise that they must account for the effects of the cavity containing the electron. Classical calculations of this “cavity shift” must subtract the electron’s divergent self-field, and thus require knowledge of the exact Green’s function for the cavity’s electromagnetic field. We perform the first fully quantum calculation of the cavity shift in a closed cavity, which instead involves subtracting linearly divergent cavity mode sums and integrals. Using contour integration methods, we find perfect agreement with existing classical results for both spherical and cylindrical cavities, justifying their current use. Moreover, our mode-based results can be naturally generalized to account for systematic effects, necessary to push future measurements to the next order of magnitude in precision.
Field redefinitions and infinite field anomalous dimensions
Field redefinitions are commonly used to reduce the number of operators in the Lagrangian by removing redundant operators and transforming to a minimal operator basis. We give a general argument that such field redefinitions, while leaving the S-matrix invariant and consequently finite, lead not only to infinite Green’s functions, but also to infinite field anomalous dimensions γ ϕ . These divergences cannot be removed by counterterms without reintroducing redundant operators.
Results and techniques for higher order calculations within the gradient-flow formalism
We describe in detail the implementation of a systematic perturbative approach to observables in the QCD gradient-flow formalism. This includes a collection of all relevant Feynman rules of the five-dimensional field theory and the composite operators considered in this paper. Tools from standard perturbative calculations are used to obtain Green's functions at finite flow time $t$ at higher orders in perturbation theory. The three-loop results for the quark condensate at finite $t$ and the conversion factor for the "ringed" quark fields to the $\overline{\mbox{MS}}$ scheme are presented as applications. We also re-evaluate an earlier result for the three-loop gluon condensate, improving on its accuracy.
Space-time in the SYK model
We consider the question of identifying the bulk space-time of the SYK model. Focusing on the signature of emergent space-time of the (Euclidean) model, we explain the need for non-local (Radon-type) transformations on external legs of n-point Green’s functions. This results in a dual theory with Euclidean AdS signature with additional legfactors. As a result, we speculate that these factors incorporate the coupling of additional bulk states similar to the discrete states of 2d string theory.
Black hole induced false vacuum decay from first principles
We provide a method to calculate the rate of false vacuum decay induced by a black hole. The method uses complex tunneling solutions and consistently takes into account the structure of different quantum vacua in the black hole metric via boundary conditions. The latter are connected to the asymptotic behavior of the time-ordered Green’s function in the corresponding vacua. We illustrate the technique on a two-dimensional toy model of a scalar field with inverted Liouville potential in an external background of a dilaton black hole. We analytically derive the exponential suppression of tunneling from the Boulware, Hartle-Hawking and Unruh vacua and show that they are parametrically different. The Unruh vacuum decay rate is exponentially smaller than the decay rate of the Hartle-Hawking state, though both rates become unsuppressed at high enough black hole temperature. We interpret the vanishing suppression of the Unruh vacuum decay at high temperature as an artifact of the two-dimensional model and discuss why this result can be modified in the realistic case of black holes in four dimensions.
Partially coherent electron transport in terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on a Markovian master equation for the density matrix
We derive a Markovian master equation for the single-electron density matrix, applicable to quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The equation conserves the positivity of the density matrix, includes off-diagonal elements (coherences) as well as in-plane dynamics, and accounts for electron scattering with phonons and impurities. We use the model to simulate a terahertz-frequency QCL, and compare the results with both experiment and simulation via nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF). We obtain very good agreement with both experiment and NEGF when the QCL is biased for optimal lasing. For the considered device, we show that the magnitude of coherences can be a significant fraction of the diagonal matrix elements, which demonstrates their importance when describing THz QCLs. We show that the in-plane energy distribution can deviate far from a heated Maxwellian distribution, which suggests that the assumption of thermalized subbands in simplified density-matrix models is inadequate. As a result, we also show that the current density and subband occupations relax towards their steady-state values on very different time scales.
Effects of the Spin Heat Accumulation on the Heat Generation in a Quantum Dot Coupled to Leads
Heat generation by a spin-polarized current in a single-level quantum dot (QD) subjected to spin heat accumulation (SHA), which denotes the spin-dependent electron temperature, is studied by using the nonequilibrium Green’s function technique. The heat generation originates from the energy exchange between the conduction electrons and the phonon reservoir coupled to the QD. Due to the SHA, the spin-up and spin-down heat generations are opposite in sign, and each has a maximum when the QD level is aligned to the chemical potentials of the leads, where the electric current is zero. Under a magnetic field, the maxima of the spin-up and spin-down heat generations are shifted to different dot level regimes. Now total negative heat generation emerges, indicating that the electron absorbs heat from the phonon reservoir to the dot. By tuning the dot levels and the system temperature, the magnitude of the negative heat generation can be enhanced accompanied by weakened electric current, an ideal condition for the realization of nanorefrigerator.
Formal Equivalence Between Partitioned and Partition-Free Quenches in Quantum Transport
In this paper, we review the partitioned and partition-free approaches to the calculation of the time-dependent response of a molecular junction to the switch-on of an arbitrary time-dependent bias. Using the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism on different time contours, we derive a formal equivalence between these two approaches. This clarifies a recent result of Odashima and Lewenkopf (Phys Rev B 95:104301, 2017), which is valid for a static bias and single-level molecular structure, and extends it to arbitrary time-dependent biases and arbitrarily large molecular structures.
Graphene Nanoribbon Superconductor
The possibility of the s-wave superconductive state in armchair graphene nanoribbons is studied within the attractive Hubbard model, standard BCS theory, and Green’s function approach. Bogoliubov de Gennes equations are derived for this system in the singlet state. A nonzero critical temperature is found which depends on the width of the system. This critical temperature decreases as the width of the system increases and for sufficiently large widths, its value reaches a constant amount which could be taken as the critical temperature of the graphene sheet. The critical temperature also depends on band-filling which, around half band-filling, shows a maximum. However, at half-filling, it drops to a lower value less than its maximum.
Quantum Fluctuations and Multifractally enhanced Superconductivity in Disordered Thin Films
The interplay between electron–electron interactions and weak localization (or anti-localization) phenomena in two-dimensional systems can significantly enhance the superconducting transition temperature. For this work, we develop the theory of quantum fluctuations within such multifractally enhanced superconducting states in thin films. In conditions of weak disorder, we employ the Finkel’stein nonlinear sigma model to derive an effective action for the superconducting order parameter and the quasiclassical Green’s function, meticulously accounting for the influence of quantum fluctuations. This effective action, applicable for interactions of any strength, reveals the critical role of well-known collective modes in a dirty superconductor, and its saddle-point analysis leads to modified Usadel and gap equations. These equations comprehensively incorporate the renormalizations stemming from the interplay between interactions and disorder, resulting in the non-trivial energy dependence of the gap function. Notably, our analysis establishes a direct relation between the self-consistent gap equation at the superconducting transition temperature and the known renormalization group equations for interaction parameters in the normal state.
A Study on the Wiedemann-Franz Law in a Granular s-Wave Superconductor, Given the Tunneling Between the Grains in Cooper Pair Fluctuation Propagator and Impurity Vertex
The present study tries to investigate Wiedemann-Franz law near and far from the critical temperatures, given the tunneling between the grains in Cooper pair fluctuation propagator and impurity vertex. By means of Dyson’s equation, the Cooper pair fluctuation propagator, L(qkΩ{sub μ}) and the Cooperon (impurity vertex), λ(q, k, ε{sub 1}, ε{sub 2}), are initially calculated in the presence of tunneling between the grains. Then, the three distinct contributions of density of states, Maki-Thompson, and Aslamazov-Larkin, are calculated in the frameworks of the Green’s functions formalism and the Kubo formula technique. The evaluation is conducted under the limited tunneling conductance between the grains. Findings show that although the tunneling is efficient near the critical temperature, it is not effective when it is far from the critical temperature Compared to that in high temperatures, moreover, the deviation from the Wiedemann-Franz law is much more evident in low temperatures.
Theoretical Model Study of Interplay of Coulomb Interaction and Electron-Phonon Interaction in the Thermal Properties of Monolayer Graphene
We propose here a tight-binding (TB) model Hamiltonian for monolayer graphene-on-substrate describing the nearest-neighbor-hopping, on-site Coulomb interaction on the sub-lattices and the electron-phonon interaction under the high-frequency limit of phonon vibration. Applying Lang-Firsov canonical transformation, the electron and phonon systems are decoupled in the atomic Hamiltonian, such that the effective Coulomb interaction and effective nearest-neighbor-hopping integral respectively appear as U-tilde =U−2t{sub 1}λ and t-tilde {sub 1}=t{sub 1}e{sup ((−t{sub 1}λ)/(ω{sub 0}))}, where U, t{sub 1}, λ and ω{sub 0} are respectively Coulomb energy, nearest-neighbor-hopping integral, electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling and phonon frequency. The effective Coulomb interaction in the Hamiltonian is considered within mean-field approximation. The Hamiltonian is solved by Zubarev’s Green’s function technique. The temperature-dependent electronic entropy and specific heat are calculated from the free energy of graphene system and are computed numerically. The temperature-dependent electronic specific heat exhibits a charge gap peak at room temperature arising due to the effect of Coulomb interaction and electron-phonon interaction. The evolution of these peaks in specific heat is investigated by varying the model parameters of the system.