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Shock wave structure in the Cygnus Loop

The interaction of a supernova remnant (SNR) blastwave with clouds of various sizes determines the appearance of the SNR in all wavelength bands, and it may determine the overall evolution of the remnant. The Cygnus Loop provides excellent examples of the interaction with both large and small clouds at various stages, and its brightness, large size and low reddening make it a natural target for study. We consider X-ray, optical and ultraviolet (UV) observations of features at the eastern edge of the Cygnus Loop to look for evidence of cloud evaporation, turbulent stripping from a cloud and pressure enhancement associated with the blastwave-cloud interaction. We consider the effects of the sputtering of dust grains on the temperature derived from Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) spectra and we briefly consider the clumpiness of H-alpha emission to be expected from compression of a turbulent magnetic field.

Raymond, J. C.↗

Waves, shocks and non-stationary phenomena in the outer solar atmosphere

The dynamics of the solar chromosphere, transition region and corona were investigated. The consequences of the solar dynamics on the formation of spectral features in solar atmosphere regions are discussed. Data mainly from the solar ultraviolet measurement of emitted radiation (SUMER) instrument, showing signatures of non-stationary processes, are presented. These data are compared to the predictions of numerical models of the chromosphere and transition region. The observations seem to support the importance of upwardly propagating acoustic shocks in the heating of the chromosphere.

Hansteen, V. H.↗

Shock Waves Mitigation at Blunt Bodies Using Needles and Shells Against a Supersonic Flow

The paper contains some experimental and numerical simulation test results on cylindrical blunt body drag reduction using thin spikes or shell mounted in front of a body against a supersonic flow. Experimental tests were conducted using the Aeromechanics and Gas Dynamics Laboratory facilities at the Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University (IMMSU). Numerical simulations utilizing NASA and IM/MSU codes were conducted at the Hampton University Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics Laboratory. The main purpose of this research is to examine the efficiency of application of multiple spikes for drag reduction and flow stability at the front of a blunt body in different flight conditions, i.e. Mach number, angle of attack, etc. The principal conclusions of these test results are: multiple spike/needle application leads to decrease of drag reduction benefits by comparison with the case of one central mounted needle at the front of a blunt body, but increase lift benefits.

Gilinsky, M.↗