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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Standardization of Smart Contracts for Energy Markets and Operation

This work presents a formal review of smart contracts, including definitions, technical requirements, and potential power and energy-related use cases. This includes in-depth discussions covering cybersecurity, legality and interoperability goals that must be taken into consideration by potential end-users. The paper presents a first attempt towards the standardization of smart contracts (SCs) within the field of power and energy as a work in progress activity under the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA) P2418.5 Working Group. This work also proposes a holistic, language-agnostic reference model that is intended to accelerate the adoption of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) by industry stakeholders by providing standardized processes. Finally, the paper discusses key takeaways that must continue to be developed to increase SC usage within the energy industry.

Blockchain, smart contracts, DLT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electric Vehicles at Scale (EVs@Scale) Laboratory Consortium

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Electric Vehicles at Scale Lab Consortium (EVs@Scale Lab Consortium) is accelerating research to support the establishment of a secure and scalable national network of charging infrastructure. This network will be critical to support tens of millions of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty EVs on American roads by 2030. The EVs@Scale Lab Consortium brings together national laboratories and key stakeholders to conduct infrastructure research and development (R&D) that advances innovations in, and sets unified standards for, high-power and wireless charging. The effort will also develop technologies to integrate vehicle charging with the power grid, and develop cybersecurity measures to protect drivers, vehicles, equipment, and the grid.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,POWER TRANSMISSION AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

AWC for Nuclear Material Transportation

Presentation to the Forefront22 Workshop in DC to NNSA DNN. Generalized presentation on Advanced Wireless Communications and areas where Nuclear Material Transportation may find interesting to investigate further for security and cybersecurity interests. Summary of the Forefront22 workshop Traditional wireless communication technologies, such as Wi-Fi and Cellular, have modernized industries worldwide. The Nuclear industry has also started to modernize its operations by utilizing wireless connectivity and is well poised to expand the use of wireless to an increasing number of use cases. The most recent cellular technology, called 5G for Fifth Generation, brings a transformation not only to wireless; but to industries worldwide by fueling the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT). Availability of additional spectrum e.g., use of millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum bands, is a critical boost to wireless growth. These advanced wireless technologies bring multiplicative gains in data rates, latency reduction, capacity growth, and localization accuracy, that can be harnessed for Nuclear Nonproliferation activities along with other mission critical applications. However, using these functional advances securely is of utmost important specially for these critical applications. The functional capabilities of these advanced technologies including 5G & Wi-Fi 6, and the associated security issues and mitigations will be discussed in this session. The future technologies including 6G which will follow 5G and newer versions of Wi-Fi will be also introduced.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Situational Awareness of Grid Anomalies (SAGA)

The modern power industry becomes more vulnerable to cyber events due to the growing interconnectivity, interdependence, and complexity of the electric power grid. High-fidelity modeling and simulation tools that support the preventative risk analysis on potential cyber-relevant events is essential for ensuring the situational awareness of the system operator as it provides an inexpensive and risk-free environment to test the system responses under various cyber-relevant events and hereby can support research on cyber anomaly detection, optimal protective resource allocation, and mitigation measures. In this webinar, we will share NREL's cybersecurity research capabilities by highlighting the development of a scalable cyber-physical event test bed and demonstration with real hardware in the loop. The developed cyber-physical event test bed is backboned by an integrated transmission, distribution, and communication dynamic co-simulation framework and a plug-and-play cyber event generation module. It is designed to be modular and compatible with parallel computing, and thereby supports large-scale system simulations at an affordable computation cost. The test bed can capture millisecond-to-minutes dynamic frequency and voltage responses under cyber events from the bulk transmission system to the active distribution systems and distributed energy resources at the grid edge.

co-simulation↗
DOE OSTI2023

Connecting the Dots: An Assessment of Cyber-risks in Networked Building and Municipal Infrastructure Systems

The buildings and city streets we walk down are changing. Driven by various data-driven use cases, there is increased interest in networking and integrating lighting and other building systems (e.g., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), security, scheduling) that were previously not internet-facing, and equipping them with sensors that collect information about their environment and the people that inhabit it. These data-enabled systems can potentially deliver improved occupant and resident experiences and help meet the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national energy and carbon reduction goals. Deploying connected devices new to being networked, however, is not without its challenges. This paper explores tools available to system designers and integrators that facilitate a cybersecurity landscape assessment – or more specifically the identification of threats, vulnerabilities, and adversarial behaviors that could be used against these networked systems. These assessments can help stakeholders shift security prioritization proactively toward the beginning of the development process.

cyber-risk assesment, adversarial behavior, MITRE ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Systems and methods for detecting and mitigating cyber attacks on power systems comprising distributed energy resources

Extensive deployment of interoperable distributed energy resources (DER) on power systems is increasing the power system cybersecurity attack surface. National and jurisdictional interconnection standards require DER to include a range of autonomous and commanded grid-support functions which can drastically influence power quality, voltage, and the generation-load balance. Investigations of the impact to the power system in scenarios where communications and operations of DER are controlled by an adversary show that each grid-support function exposes the power system to distinct types and magnitudes of risk. The invention provides methods for minimizing the risks to distribution and transmission systems using an engineered control system which detects and mitigates unsafe control commands.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Enabling the Write-Once Read-Many (WORM) Dashboard and Web Interface for HPC Data Storage

Idaho National Laboratory (INL), supported by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) through the Nuclear Science User Facilities, provides access to supercomputer systems and data storage along with support staff for system management, software installation, cybersecurity, and user support to the broader DOE-NE user community. A key component of this is providing long-term or perpetual data storage as part of efforts to improve reproducibility in modeling and simulation in addition to supporting simulations with regulatory compliance requirements. This milestone details the deployment of a new type of storage option for users requiring tamper resistant perpetual storage of data and the associated support for data control and release via the data storage web interface. The perpetual data storage system is integrated within the Open OnDemand framework deployed at INL and is called the ?WORM? in recognition of its write-once read-many characteristics.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Energy Systems Integration Facility Stewardship Summary: Fiscal Year 2022

A summary of NREL's good stewardship of the nationally unique Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) highlighting performance metrics, infrastructure and capability upgrades, and examples of R&D impact. In fiscal year 2022, ESIF researchers made breakthroughs in everything from long-duration energy storage and cybersecurity visualizations to a world record in heavy-duty hydrogen vehicle fueling, and built out research assets to advance microgrid operation and controls, renewable hydrogen production, electric vehicles, energy-efficient buildings, and more.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY CONSERVATION, C↗
DOE OSTI2023

Pillars of Innovation Across Southeast Idaho & the Interstate-15 Corridor

Since 1949, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been home to developing civilian and defense nuclear reactor technologies and managing spent nuclear fuel. Today, INL is the nation’s nuclear energy research laboratory, sustaining the safe and efficient operation of existing reactors, powering science in space, and breaking ground on the future fleet of advanced nuclear reactors. INL is only one of many rising technology resources in the region, however. Along the Interstate 15 (I-15) corridor, technology and cybersecurity industries and intellectual assets are rapidly expanding. Creating an innovation hub in this region would unite capabilities to solve current and future challenges in nuclear reactor sustainment and expanded deployment, integrated fuel cycle solutions, integrated energy systems, advanced materials and manufacturing for extreme environments, and secure and resilient cyber-physical systems.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

WETO Resilience Research: Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

INL focuses on resilience and cybersecurity for distributed wind under the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project. Following the development of a resilience framework, INL has developed an application for resilience planning that includes automated hazard simulations to evaluate performance of various configurations. Additionally, INL is exploring the resilience of advanced distributed wind systems that leverage advanced controls and hybrid resources.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Risk Analysis of Various Design Architectures for High Safety-significant Safety-related Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems of Nuclear Power Plants during Accident Scenarios

This report documents the plus-up activities performed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) during Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program, Risk Informed Systems Analysis (RISA) Pathway, digital instrumentation and control (DI&C) risk assessment project. In FY 2019, the RISA Pathway initiated a project to develop a risk assessment strategy for delivering a strong technical basis to support effective, licensable, and secure DI&C technologies for digital upgrades/designs. An integrated risk assessment technology for the DI&C systems was proposed for this strategy, which aims to (1) provide a best-estimate, risk-informed capability to quantitatively and accurately estimate the safety margin obtained from plant modernization, especially for the high safety-significant safety-related (HSSSR) DI&C systems, (2) support and supplement existing advanced risk-informed DI&C design guides by providing quantitative risk information and evidence, (3) offer a capability of design architecture evaluation of various DI&C systems to support system design decisions and diversity and redundancy applications, (4) assure the long-term safety and reliability of HSSSR DI&C systems, and (5) reduce uncertainty in costs and support integration of DI&C systems in the plant. To achieve these technical goals and deal with the expensive licensing justifications from regulatory insights, the LWRS-developed framework instructs nuclear vendors and utilities on how to effectively lower the costs associated with digital compliance and speed industry advances by: (1) defining an integrated risk-informed analysis process for DI&C upgrade, including hazard analysis, reliability analysis, and consequence analysis, (2) applying systematic and risk-informed tools to address common cause failures (CCFs) and quantify corresponding failure probabilities for DI&C technologies, particularly software CCFs, (3) evaluating the impact of digital failures at the component level, system level, and plant level, and (4) providing insights and suggestions on designs to manage the risks, thus to support the development, licensing, and deployment of advanced DI&C technologies on nuclear power plant (NPPs). Adding diversity within system or components is the main means to eliminate and mitigate CCFs, but diversity also increases plant complexity and errors and may not address all sources of systematic failures. How to optimize the diversity and redundancy applications for the safety-critical DI&C systems remains a challenge. To deal with the technical issues in addressing potential software CCFs in HSSSR DI&C systems of NPPs and supporting relevant design optimization, the framework provides: ? An integrated best-estimate, risk-informed capability to address new technical digital issues quantitatively, accurately, and efficiently in plan modernization progress, such as software CCFs in HSSSR DI&C systems of NPPs ? A common and a modularized platform for DI&C designers, software developers, cybersecurity analysts, and plant engineers to efficiently predict and prevent risk in the early design stage of DI&C systems ? Technical bases and risk-informed insights to assist U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and industry to address and fulfill the risk-informed alternatives for evaluation of CCFs in HSSSR DI&C systems of NPPs ? An integrated risk-informed tool that offers a capability of design architecture evaluation of various DI&C systems to support system design decisions in diversity and redundancy applications. The plus-up research and development efforts of this project in FY 2022 are focused on methodology improvement of software CCF modeling and estimation, prevention analysis, importance analysis and risk analysis of various design architectures of HSSSR DI&C systems. This work greatly enhances the capability of the LWRS-developed framework for the risk assessment and design optimization of safety-critical DI&C systems. It should be noted that all the analyses are performed for the demonstration of the LWRS-developed framework, not for the evaluation of relevant systems. Results are obtained based on very limited design information and testing data.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Blockchain applicability framework

Technology related to blockchain cybersecurity solutions and a blockchain applicability framework is disclosed. In one example of the disclosed technology, a system is configured to receive parameters for a blockchain candidate application and evaluate the parameters to determine a recommendation for types of blockchain to apply to the candidate application. The recommendation may be based on an evaluation of the parameters to determine a level of applicability of blockchain usage, a level of applicability of one or more blockchain privacy types, and a level of applicability of one or more blockchain consensus types. The system may be configured to calculate an overall percentage distribution of the levels of applicability and to output an indication of the overall percentage distribution.

Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta↗
DOE OSTI2023

EVs@Scale Lab Consortium Semi-Annual Stakeholder Meeting

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Electric Vehicles at Scale Lab Consortium (EVs@Scale Lab Consortium) is accelerating research to support the establishment of a secure and scalable national network of charging infrastructure. This network will be critical to support tens of millions of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty EVs on American roads by 2030. The EVs@Scale Lab Consortium brings together national laboratories and key stakeholders to conduct infrastructure research and development (R&D) that advances innovations in, and sets unified standards for, high-power and wireless charging. The effort will also develop technologies to integrate vehicle charging with the power grid, and develop cybersecurity measures to protect drivers, vehicles, equipment, and the grid. The first hybrid EVs@Scale Lab Consortium Semiannual Stakeholder Meeting was held at ANL on September 27-28, 2023, to identify research, development, and deployment needs to accelerate technology development for electric vehicles at scale and explore opportunities for collaboration across government, academia, and industry.

advanced charging and grid interface technologies↗
DOE OSTI2023

Formally Verified ZTA Requirements for OT/ICS Environments with Isabelle/HOL: Preprint

The clean energy transformation led to the integration of distributed energy resources on a top of the grid, and so a substantial increase in the complexity of power grids infrastructure and the underlying operational technology environment. Operational technology environments are becoming a system of systems, integrating heterogeneous devices which are software/hardware intensive, have ever increasing demands to exploit advances in commodity of software/hardware infrastructures, and this for good reasons - improving energy systems requirements such as cybersecurity and resilience. In such a setting, system requirements at different levels mix, thus undesirable outcomes will surely happen. The use of formal methods will remove ambiguity, increase automation and provide high levels of assurance and reliability. In this paper, we contribute a methodology and a framework for the system level verification of zero trust architecture requirements in operational technology environments. We define a formal specification for the core functionalities of operational technology environments, the corresponding invariants, and security proofs. Of particular note is our modular approach for the formal verification of asynchronous interactions in operational technology environments. The formal specification and the proofs have been mechanized using the interactive theorem proving environment Isabelle/HOL.

formal methods↗
DOE OSTI2023

Energy Systems Integration Facility Stewardship Summary: Fiscal Year 2023

A summary of NREL's good stewardship of the nationally unique Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) highlighting performance metrics, infrastructure and capability upgrades, and examples of R&D impact. In fiscal year 2023, ESIF installed its third-generation high-performance computer, expanded capabailities for validating building energy controls, and demonstrated a leap in scale through virtual networking with another national laboratory. ESIF researchers made breakthroughs in cybersecurity for energy systems, efficient high-powered electric vehicle charging, leveraging reinforcement learning for grid resilience, and more.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY CONSERVATION, C↗
DOE OSTI2023

Systems and methods for detecting and mitigating cyber attacks on power systems comprising distributed energy resources

Extensive deployment of interoperable distributed energy resources (DER) on power systems is increasing the power system cybersecurity attack surface. National and jurisdictional interconnection standards require DER to include a range of autonomous and commanded grid-support functions which can drastically influence power quality, voltage, and the generation-load balance. Investigations of the impact to the power system in scenarios where communications and operations of DER are controlled by an adversary show that each grid-support function exposes the power system to distinct types and magnitudes of risk. The invention provides methods for minimizing the risks to distribution and transmission systems using an engineered control system which detects and mitigates unsafe control commands.

Johnson, Jay Tillay↗
DOE OSTI2020

Panel Session 68: Key EFCOG Actions: Risk Communication, Supply Chain Management, Human Capital and More

Overview on the Energy Facility Contractor Group's (EFCOG) most recent work in partnership with DOE to improve performance and EFCOG's mission is to ensure safety, security, and quality across the US DOE complex. Best practices were highlighted in discussions with US DOE/ NNSA leaders and key project executives. EFCOG's key priorities for 2020 were featured in the panel discussions to include: addressing human capital issues to ensure future mission needs can be met; addressing supply chain issues for nuclear projects; improving the data quality and performance assurance; and improving risk communication and stakeholder relations. EFCOG accomplishes its mission through working groups that provide forums to address common challenges and exchange proven techniques and other management and technical information among member contractors. Panelists with presentations: WM EFCOG Panel Slides (Morgan Smith); EFCOG DOE Supply Chain Initiative (SCI) - Enabling The DOE Mission - (Darrell Graddy); Data Quality and Performance Assurance (JD Dowell); Risk Communication - Different Events - Very Different Responses from the Community (Rick McLeod); Current State of Cybersecurity (Liz Porter)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗