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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 901 records · Page 50
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Thematic mapper study of Alaskan ophiolites

LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM) images were used to produce improved geologic maps of the ophiolites of the Brooks Range, and to recognize regional-scale structures that might affect the spatial distribution of the ophiolites. From the TM data, significant information was obtained concerning the distribution of rock types and structures that could not easily be acquired with conventional geologic studies. The information obtained from the TM data, in combination with other geologic data, is being used to further the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Brooks Range. Results of the work in the Maiyumerak Mountains area are used to illustrate the information being obtained with the LANDSAT TM data, and the way that the information is being integrated with other geologic data.

Bird, John M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Incompressible Navier-Stokes solutions for a sharp-edged double-delta wing

An implicit finite-difference scheme is used to compute the incompressible laminar vortical flow around a double-delta wing with an aspect ratio of 2.06. By adding a time derivative of the pressure to the continuity equation, the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations can be integrated like a conventional parabolic time-dependent system of equations. The flux-difference split scheme combines approximate factorization in crossflow planes with a symmetric planar Gauss-Seidel relaxation in the remaining spatial direction. The trajectory of the vortical core is well predicted in comparison with experimental data.

Hsu, Chung-Hao↗
NASA NTRS1990

Downdating a time-varying square root information filter

A new method to efficiently downdate an estimate and covariance generated by a discrete time Square Root Information Filter (SRIF) is presented. The method combines the QR factor downdating algorithm of Gill and the decentralized SRIF algorithm of Bierman. Efficient removal of either measurements or a priori information is possible without loss of numerical integrity. Moreover, the method includes features for detecting potential numerical degradation. Performance on a 300 parameter system with 5800 data points shows that the method can be used in real time and hence is a promising tool for interactive data analysis. Additionally, updating a time-varying SRIF filter with either additional measurements or a priori information proceeds analogously.

Muellerschoen, Ronald J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

On the Response of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager to the Marine Environment: Implications for Atmospheric Parameter Retrievals

A reasonably rigorous basis for understanding and extracting the physical information content of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite images of the marine environment is provided. To this end, a comprehensive algebraic parameterization is developed for the response of the SSM/I to a set of nine atmospheric and ocean surface parameters. The brightness temperature model includes a closed-form approximation to microwave radiative transfer in a non-scattering atmosphere and fitted models for surface emission and scattering based on geometric optics calculations for the roughened sea surface. The combined model is empirically tuned using suitable sets of SSM/I data and coincident surface observations. The brightness temperature model is then used to examine the sensitivity of the SSM/I to realistic variations in the scene being observed and to evaluate the theoretical maximum precision of global SSM/I retrievals of integrated water vapor, integrated cloud liquid water, and surface wind speed. A general minimum-variance method for optimally retrieving geophysical parameters from multichannel brightness temperature measurements is outlined, and several global statistical constraints of the type required by this method are computed. Finally, a unified set of efficient statistical and semi-physical algorithms is presented for obtaining fields of surface wind speed, integrated water vapor, cloud liquid water, and precipitation from SSM/I brightness temperature data. Features include: a semi-physical method for retrieving integrated cloud liquid water at 15 km resolution and with rms errors as small as approximately 0.02 kg/sq m; a 3-channel statistical algorithm for integrated water vapor which was constructed so as to have improved linear response to water vapor and reduced sensitivity to precipitation; and two complementary indices of precipitation activity (based on 37 GHz attenuation and 85 GHz scattering, respectively), each of which are relatively insensitive to variations in other environmental parameters.

Petty, Grant W.↗
NASA NTRS1991

An integrated autonomous rendezvous and docking system architecture using Centaur modern avionics

The avionics system for the Centaur upper stage is in the process of being modernized with the current state-of-the-art in strapdown inertial guidance equipment. This equipment includes an integrated flight control processor with a ring laser gyro based inertial guidance system. This inertial navigation unit (INU) uses two MIL-STD-1750A processors and communicates over the MIL-STD-1553B data bus. Commands are translated into load activation through a Remote Control Unit (RCU) which incorporates the use of solid state relays. Also, a programmable data acquisition system replaces separate multiplexer and signal conditioning units. This modern avionics suite is currently being enhanced through independent research and development programs to provide autonomous rendezvous and docking capability using advanced cruise missile image processing technology and integrated GPS navigational aids. A system concept was developed to combine these technologies in order to achieve a fully autonomous rendezvous, docking, and autoland capability. The current system architecture and the evolution of this architecture using advanced modular avionics concepts being pursued for the National Launch System are discussed.

Nelson, Kurt↗
NASA NTRS2000

Estimates of Internal Tide Energy Fluxes from Topex/Poseidon Altimetry: Central North Pacific

Energy fluxes for first-mode M(sub 2) internal tides are deduced throughout the central North Pacific Ocean from Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeter data. Temporally coherent internal tide signals in the altimetry, combined with climatological hydrographic data, determine the tidal displacements, pressures, and currents at depth, which yield power transmission rates. For a variety of reasons the deduced rates should be considered lower bounds. Internal tides were found to emanate from several large bathymetric structures, especially the Hawaiian Ridge, where the integrated flux amounts to about six gigawatts. Internal tides are generated at the Aleutian Trench near 172 deg west and propagate southwards nearly 2000 km.

Ray, Richard D.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Pushing the Limits of Cubesat Attitude Control: A Ground Demonstration

A cubesat attitude control system (ACS) was designed at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to provide sub-degree pointing capabilities using low cost, COTS attitude sensors, COTS miniature reaction wheels, and a developmental micro-propulsion system. The ACS sensors and actuators were integrated onto a 3D-printed plastic 3U cubesat breadboard (10 cm x 10 cm x 30 cm) with a custom designed instrument board and typical cubesat COTS hardware for the electrical, power, and data handling and processing systems. In addition to the cubesat development, a low-cost air bearing was designed and 3D printed in order to float the cubesat in the test environment. Systems integration and verification were performed at the MSFC Small Projects Rapid Integration & Test Environment laboratory. Using a combination of both the miniature reaction wheels and the micro-propulsion system, the open and closed loop control capabilities of the ACS were tested in the Flight Robotics Laboratory. The testing demonstrated the desired sub-degree pointing capability of the ACS and also revealed the challenges of creating a relevant environment for development testin

Sanders, Devon S.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Advanced Stirling Convertor Dual Convertor Controller Testing at NASA Glenn Research Center in the Radioisotope Power Systems System Integration Laboratory

NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) developed a non-nuclear representation of a Radioisotope Power System (RPS) consisting of a pair of Advanced Stirling Convertors (ASC), a Dual Convertor Controller (DCC) EM (engineering model) 2 & 3, and associated support equipment, which were tested in the Radioisotope Power Systems System Integration Laboratory (RSIL). The DCC was designed by the Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) to actively control a pair of Advanced Stirling Convertors (ASC). The first phase of testing included a Dual Advanced Stirling Convertor Simulator (DASCS) which was developed by JHU/APL and simulates the operation and electrical behavior of a pair of ASC's in real time via a combination of hardware and software. RSIL provides insight into the electrical interactions between a representative radioisotope power generator, its associated control schemes, and realistic electric system loads. The first phase of integration testing included the following spacecraft bus configurations: capacitive, battery, and supercapacitor. A load profile, created based on data from several missions, tested the RPS and RSIL ability to maintain operation during load demands above and below the power provided by the RPS. The integration testing also confirmed the DCC's ability to disconnect from the spacecraft when the bus voltage dipped below 22 V or exceeded 36 V. Once operation was verified with the DASCS, the tests were repeated with actual operating ASC's. The goal of this integration testing was to verify operation of the DCC when connected to a spacecraft and to verify the functionality of the newly designed RSIL. The results of these tests are presented in this paper.

systems integration↗
DOE OSTI2023

Aligning Standards Communities for Omics Biodiversity Data: Sustainable Darwin Core-MIxS Interoperability

The standardization of data, encompassing both primary and contextual information (metadata), plays a pivotal role in facilitating data (re-)use, integration, and knowledge generation. However, the biodiversity and omics communities, converging on omics biodiversity data, have historically developed and adopted their own distinct standards, hindering effective (meta)data integration and collaboration. In response to this challenge, the Task Group (TG) for Sustainable DwC-MIxS Interoperability was established. Convening experts from the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) and the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) alongside external stakeholders, the TG aimed to promote sustainable interoperability between the Minimum Information about any (x) Sequence (MIxS) and Darwin Core (DwC) specifications. To achieve this goal, the TG utilized the Simple Standard for Sharing Ontology Mappings (SSSOM) to create a comprehensive mapping of DwC keys to MIxS keys. This mapping, combined with the development of the MIxS-DwC extension, enables the incorporation of MIxS core terms into DwC-compliant metadata records, facilitating seamless data exchange between MIxS and DwC user communities. Through the implementation of this translation layer, data produced in either MIxS- or DwC-compliant formats can now be efficiently brokered, breaking down silos and fostering closer collaboration between the biodiversity and omics communities. To ensure its sustainability and lasting impact, TDWG and GSC have both signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on creating a continuous model to synchronize their standards. These achievements mark a significant step forward in enhancing data sharing and utilization across domains, thereby unlocking new opportunities for scientific discovery and advancement.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2011

Integrating Data from GRACE and Other Observing Systems for Hydrological Research and Applications

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission provides a unique view of water cycle dynamics, enabling the only space based observations of water on and beneath the land surface that are not limited by depth. GRACE data are immediately useful for large scale applications such as ice sheet ablation monitoring, but they are even more valuable when combined with other types of observations, either directly or within a data assimilation system. Here we describe recent results of hydrological research and applications projects enabled by GRACE. These include the following: 1) global monitoring of interannual variability of terrestrial water storage and groundwater; 2) water balance estimates of evapotranspiration over several large river basins; 3) NASA's Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) state of the global water budget project; 4) drought indicator products now being incorporated into the U.S. Drought Monitor; 5) GRACE data assimilation over several regions.

Rodell, M.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Combination of searches for heavy vector boson resonances in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

A combined statistical analysis of searches for heavy vector boson resonances decaying into pairs of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as into quark pairs $\left(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}},\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}},\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}},\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\right)$ or lepton pairs ℓ + ℓ – , ℓ$\bar{v}$, with ℓ = e, μ, τ, is presented. The results are based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 , collected by the CMS experiment from 2016 to 2018. No significant deviation from the expectations of the standard model is observed. The results are interpreted in the simplified heavy vector triplet (HVT) framework, setting 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross sections and on the coupling strengths of the HVT bosons to standard model particles. The results exclude HVT resonances with masses below 5.5 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.8 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 2.0 TeV in the case of production via vector boson fusion. The combination provides the most stringent constraints to date on new phenomena predicted by the HVT model.

beyond Standard Model↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Operational and Archive Data Records: Surface Elevation Measurements of Lakes, Wetlands, and Rivers for Resources and Hazards

A NASA/USDA funded program offers satellite-derived products for lakes, reservoirs, river reaches, and wetland zones. These are currently being derived from the 10-day and monthly-resolution radar altimeter series. However, observational parameters from the laser based ICESat-2 mission, and the enhanced SWOT KaRIn instrument will also be integrated to meet various end user requirements. The resulting measurements will ultimately be a combination of surface water level and slope, surface water extent, water storage and basin bathymetry, plus a suite of Status Indicators which highlight deviations from long-term and seasonal averages. The main stakeholders are the USDA/Foreign Agricultural Service, the US Geological Survey, USACE/NGA, and various Wetland-related organizations. Applications centre on water and energy resources and fish-catch potential, and on natural hazards (floods and droughts). There is a demand for a global monitoring service, but primary focus is on regions where gauge measurement access is restricted or delayed, or where gauge deployment is hazardous. Ongoing surface acquisition checks and feedback to CNES focusses on the success or failure of the on-board DEM’s on a case-by-case basis. Multiple projects are also underway to improve the surface elevations measurements and the along track resolution (minimum water body width) via exploration of the high resolution (Doppler) Range estimates, the FF-SAR technique, and the high- resolution radiometer based wet tropospheric correction. And while Level3+4 surface water products are being directed by end user requirements, the overriding NASA objectives are the formation of high quality Earth Data Records with high accuracy and uniformity across multiple decades.

Lakes↗
NASA NTRS2010

Monitoring System for Storm Readiness and Recovery of Test Facilities: Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) Approach

Severe weather events are likely occurrences on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. It is important to rapidly diagnose and mitigate the effects of storms on Stennis Space Center's rocket engine test complex to avoid delays to critical test article programs, reduce costs, and maintain safety. An Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) approach and technologies are employed to integrate environmental (weather) monitoring, structural modeling, and the suite of available facility instrumentation to provide information for readiness before storms, rapid initial damage assessment to guide mitigation planning, and then support on-going assurance as repairs are effected and finally support recertification. The system is denominated Katrina Storm Monitoring System (KStorMS). Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) describes a comprehensive set of capabilities that provide insight into the behavior the health of a system. Knowing the status of a system allows decision makers to effectively plan and execute their mission. For example, early insight into component degradation and impending failures provides more time to develop work around strategies and more effectively plan for maintenance. Failures of system elements generally occur over time. Information extracted from sensor data, combined with system-wide knowledge bases and methods for information extraction and fusion, inference, and decision making, can be used to detect incipient failures. If failures do occur, it is critical to detect and isolate them, and suggest an appropriate course of action. ISHM enables determining the condition (health) of every element in a complex system-of-systems or SoS (detect anomalies, diagnose causes, predict future anomalies), and provide data, information, and knowledge (DIaK) to control systems for safe and effective operation. ISHM capability is achieved by using a wide range of technologies that enable anomaly detection, diagnostics, prognostics, and advise for control: (1) anomaly detection algorithms and strategies, (2) fusion of DIaK for anomaly detection (model-based, numerical, statistical, empirical, expert-based, qualitative, etc.), (3) diagnostics/prognostics strategies and methods, (4) user interface, (5) advanced control strategies, (6) integration architectures/frameworks, (7) embedding of intelligence. Many of these technologies are mature, and they are being used in the KStorMS. The paper will describe the design, implementation, and operation of the KStorMS; and discuss further evolution to support other needs such as condition-based maintenance (CBM).

Figueroa, Fernando↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mobility Energy Productivity Evaluation of Prediction-Based Vehicle Powertrain Control Combined with Optimal Traffic Management

Transportation vehicle and network system efficiency can be defined in two ways: 1) reduction of travel times across all the vehicles in the system, and 2) reduction in total energy consumed by all the vehicles in the system. The mechanisms to realize these efficiencies are treated as independent (i.e., vehicle and network domains) and, when combined, they have not been adequately studied to date. This research aims to integrate previously developed and published research on Predictive Optimal Energy Management Strategies (POEMS) and Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS), to address the need for quantifying improvement in system efficiency resulting from simultaneous vehicle and network optimization. POEMS and ITS are partially independent methods which do not require each other to function but whose individual effectiveness may be affected by the presence of the other. In order to evaluate the system level efficiency improvements, the Mobility Energy Productivity (MEP) metric is used. MEP specifically measures the connectedness of a system while accounting for time and energy externalities of modes that provide mobility in a given location. A SUMO model is developed to reflect real traffic patterns in Fort Collins, Colorado and data is collected by a probe SUMO vehicle which is validated against data collected on a real vehicle driving the same routes through the city. Individual vehicle and system level efficiencies are calculated using SUMO outputs for scenarios which integrate POEMS and ITS independently as well as jointly. Results from application of POEMS and ITS show improvement in energy consumption and travel times respectively when compared to the respective baseline scenarios. Our conclusion is that there are promising synergistic benefits to travel time and energy efficiency when POEMS and ITS are combined.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of Λ transverse polarization in e+e− collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 3.68 − 3.71 GeV

Abstract With data samples collected with the BESIII detector at seven energy points at$$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 3.68−3.71 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 333 pb −1 , we present a study of the Λ transverse polarization in thee + e − →$$ \Lambda \overline{\Lambda} $$ Λ Λ ¯ reaction. The significance of polarization by combining the seven energy points is found to be 2.6σincluding the systematic uncertainty, which implies a non-zero phase between the transition amplitudes of the$$ \Lambda \overline{\Lambda} $$ Λ Λ ¯ helicity states. The modulus ratio and the relative phase of EM-psionicform factors combined with all energy points are measured to beR Ψ =$$ {0.71}_{-0.10}^{+0.10} $$ 0.71 − 0.10 + 0.10 ±0.03 and ∆Φ Ψ =$$ {23}_{-8.0}^{+8.8} $$ 23 − 8.0 + 8.8 ±1.6°, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Post-Minkowskian effective field theory for conservative binary dynamics

We develop an Effective Field Theory (EFT) formalism to solve for the conservative dynamics of binary systems in gravity via Post-Minkowskian (PM) scattering data. Our framework combines a systematic EFT approach to compute the deflection angle in the PM expansion, together with the ‘Boundary-to-Bound’ (B2B) dictionary introduced. Due to the nature of scattering processes, a remarkable reduction of complexity occurs both in the number of Feynman diagrams and type of integrals, compared to a direct EFT computation of the potential in a PM scheme. We provide two illustrative examples. Firstly, we compute all the conservative gravitational observables for bound orbits to 2PM, which follow from only one topology beyond leading order. The results agree with those, obtained through the ‘impetus formula’ applied to the classical limit of the one loop amplitude. For the sake of comparison we reconstruct the conservative Hamiltonian to 2PM order, which is equivalent to the one derived from a matching calculation. Secondly, we compute the scattering angle due to tidal effects from the electric- and magnetic-type Love numbers at leading PM order. Using the B2B dictionary we then obtain the tidal contribution to the periastron advance. We also construct a Hamiltonian including tidal effects at leading PM order. Although relying on (relativistic) Feynman diagrams, the EFT formalism developed here does not involve taking the classical limit of a quantum amplitude, neither integrals with internal massive fields, nor additional matching calculations, nor spurious (‘super-classical’) infrared singularities. By construction, the EFT approach can be automatized to all PM orders.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Potassium carbonate decomposition modeling within rotating detonation engines for direct power extraction applications

We report that recently, there has been a significant interest in detonation-based combustion systems, such as rotating detonation engines (RDE), due to potential performance advantages in propulsion and energy applications. This includes improvements in thermodynamic efficiency, inherently high gas velocities, and the possibility of achieving an increase in total pressure (i.e. pressure gain) through the combustion process. Due to approximating a constant volume combustion process, these devices also tend to exhibit extremely high local gas temperatures relative to a comparable constant pressure combustor. These advantages overlap well with desirable performance characteristics of direct power extraction (DPE) technologies, such as a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator. Typically, in DPE systems hot combustion products are seeded with an easily ionizable material such as potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) in order to boost the electrical conductivity. However, due to the short gas residence times within an RDE, it was unclear whether forming an electrically conductive combustion plasma would be feasible for integration with a downstream MHD generator. A model is presented which describes the heating, decomposition, and ionization of solid K 2 CO 3 particles and aqueous solutions of K 2 CO 3 in water, for a given initial particle diameter. This model was combined with available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data for an oxygen-methane RDE in a one-way coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian framework to predict particle trajectories and the corresponding heating, decomposition, and ionization histories. Electrical conductivities were computed using a previously developed model, and a method was proposed to determine an equivalent average electrical conductivity. Results show that particle sizes below ~30 µm are able to fully decompose before reaching the exit of the RDE. While the one-way coupled nature of the simulations precluded rigorous evaluation of the effects of seed material on detonability, a substantial temperature reduction is expected at the detonation wave front due to heating and decomposition. A preliminary comparison is presented between the RDE and an equivalent constant pressure adiabatic combustor, showing a potential performance advantage for the RDE.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of simplified template cross sections of the Higgs boson produced in association with W or Z bosons in the H → b b ¯ decay channel in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

Differential cross sections are measured for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with vector bosons (W, Z) and decaying to a pair of b quarks. Measurements are performed within the framework of the simplified template cross sections. The analysis relies on the leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons, resulting in final states with 0, 1, or 2 electrons or muons. The Higgs boson candidates are either reconstructed from pairs of resolved b-tagged jets, or from single large-radius jets containing the particles arising from two b quarks. Proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018 and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb -1 , are analyzed. The inclusive signal strength, defined as the product of the observed production cross section and branching fraction relative to the standard model expectation, combining all analysis categories, is found to be μ = $1.15^{+0.22}_{-0.20}$. This corresponds to an observed (expected) significance of 6.3 (5.6) standard deviations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗