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Results for “Solubility”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Differences in soluble organic carbon chemistry in pore waters sampled from different pore size domains
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Structural Basis for VEGF-C Binding to Neuropilin-2 and Sequestration by a Soluble Splice Form
Abstract not provided
The potential reproductive, neurobehavioral and systemic effects of soluble sodium tungstate exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats
The debate on tungsten (W) is fostered by its continuous usage in military munitions. Reports demonstrate W solubilizes in soil and can migrate into drinking water supplies and, therefore, is a potential health risk to humans. This study evaluated the reproductive, systemic and neurobehavioral effects of sodium tungstate (NaW) in rats following 70 days of daily pre-and postnatal exposure via oral gavage to 5, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg/day of NaW through mating, gestation and weaning (PND 0-20). Daily administration of NaW produced no overt evidence of toxicity and had no apparent effect on mating success or offspring physical development. Distress vocalizations were elevated in F{sub 1} offspring from the high dose group, whereas righting reflex showed unexpected sex differences where males demonstrated faster righting than females; however, the effects were not dose-dependent. Locomotor activity was affected in both low and high-dose groups of F{sub 1} females. Low-dose group showed increased distance traveled, more time in ambulatory movements and less time in stereotypic behavior than controls or high dose animals. The high-dose group had more time in stereotypical movements than controls, and less time resting than controls and the lowest exposure group. Maternal retrieval was not affected by NaW exposure. Tungsten analysis showed a systemic distribution of NaW in both parents and offspring, with preferential uptake within the immune organs, including the femur, spleen and thymus. Histopathological evidence suggested no severe chronic injury or loss of function in these organs. However, the heart showed histological lesions, histiocytic inflammation from minimal to mild with cardiomyocyte degeneration and necrosis in several P{sub 0} animals of 125 mg NaW dose group. The result of this study suggests that pre and postnatal exposure to NaW may produce subtle neurobehavioral effects in offspring related to motor activity and emotionality.
Stability of highly soluble ferrocyanides at neutral pH for energy-dense flow batteries
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Redox Active Polymers as Soluble Nanomaterials for Energy Storage
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Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Component Interactions Monitored by [superscript 19]F NMR
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Kinetics of Calcite Nucleation onto Sulfated Chitosan Derivatives and Implications for Water–Polysaccharide Interactions during Crystallization of Sparingly Soluble Salts
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Identification of Electrolyte-Soluble Organic Cross-Talk Species in a Lithium-Ion Battery via a Two-Compartment Cell
Electrode cross-talk in lithium-ion batteries has been increasingly recognized in recent years as an explanation for several performance trends during cycling. However, little is known about the nature of such cross-talk species/reactions. In an attempt to further that understanding, we constructed a two-compartment lithium-ion cell using a solid-state lithium-ion conductor as the separator to block the movement of species generated at one electrode to the other. After a long-term hold at a high voltage, the electrolytes extracted from each side were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We compared these results with those from a coin cell made with a regular porous separator. Extra species were present in the coin cell, which were absent in both compartments of the two-compartment cell, and we identified them as cross-talk species. We propose chemical structures for such species and show that these species likely have carbon carbon double bonds and fluorinated carbons. Finally, we also confirm that the organophosphate-type species proposed by several groups previously are indeed generated at the anode.
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Biomass: Physical Properties, Solubility Mechanisms, and Their Interactions
As the most accessible and abundant renewable resource on earth, lignocellulosic biomass mainly consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin with a small amount of protein, pectin, minerals, and extractives (e.g., tannins, lipids, and resins). Lignocellulosic biomass has gained extensive attention in industry and research owing to its renewability, availability, and low cost. However, achieving efficient fractionation of lignocellulose components and all-component utilization in a green and cost-effective manner remains a challenge dueto biomass recalcitrance. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have received considerable attention because they are biocompatible, inexpensive, biodegradable, have low toxicity, and are easy to prepare and recycle; these characteristics strongly depend on individual components involved in DESs preparation. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the fractionation of carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicelluloses) and lignin from biomass using DESs, with particular emphasis on the effects of DES types and pretreatment parameters on fractionation efficiency. The subsequent conversion and upgrading of the DES-fractionated products (i.e., carbohydrates and lignin) are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of lignocellulose biomass fractionation using DESs are proposed in view of the existing limitations. This review provides an in-depth understanding of lignocellulose biomass fractionation during DESs processing, offering insights to improve current pretreatment methods and/or to explore new pretreatment methods aimed at mitigating the global energy crisis.
Structure-Solubility Relationships in Coal, Petroleum, and Immature Source-Rock-Derived Asphaltenes
Abstract not provided
CO 2 -Soluble Nonionic Surfactants for Enhanced CO 2 Storage via In Situ Foam Generation
Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is a rapidly evolving technology with the potential to reduce the environmental impact of fos-sil fuels. Saline aquifers, which comprise a sandstone matrix with brine in the pores, make up much of the pore space availa-ble for CO 2 storage in the United States. When CO 2 is injected in saline aquifers, however, capillary fingering occurs and only a small percentage of the pore space is filled with CO 2 . This is due to the low viscosity of CO 2 , which is roughly ten times less viscous than brine. To address this problem, we tested the ability of inexpensive, commercially available nonionic surfactants to be dissolved in the injected CO 2 and increase the apparent viscosity of CO 2 by generating CO 2 -in-water foams in situ.