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At least 901 records · Page 50

Compatibility of global NPDF analyses of neutrino DIS and charged-lepton DIS data

The neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data is very interesting for global analyses of proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) since they provide crucial information on the strange quark distribution in the proton and allow for a better flavor decompositon of the PDFs. In order to use neutrino DIS data in a global analysis of proton PDFs nuclear effects need to be understood. We study these effects with the help of nuclear PDFs extracted from global analyses of charged-lepton DIS, Drell-Yan and neutrino DIS data at next-to-leading order in QCD.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Disconnected Quark Loop Contributions to Nucleon Structure

We calculate the disconnected contribution to isoscalar nucleon charges for scalar, axial and tensor channels of light and strange quarks. The calculation has been done with the Clover valence quarks on the MILC N f = 2+1+1 HISQ lattices whose light quark masses corresponding to the pion masses of 305MeV and 217MeV at a ≈ 0:12fm and 312MeV at a ≈ 0:09fm. All-modeaveraging technique is used for the evaluation two-point functions. Disconnected quark loops are estimated by using the truncated solver method with Gaussian random noise sources. Contamination from the excited states is removed by fitting the results of various source-sink separations and operator insertions to the formula including up to the first excited state, simultaneously.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

TASI Lectures on Applications of Gauge/Gravity Duality

We introduce the gauge/gravity, or AdS/CFT, correspondence with an eye towards its application to strongly coupled systems. We provide an overview of the duality, including the AdS/CFT dictionary and holographic renormalization. We then discuss simple correlation functions in the context of renormalization group flow geometries, holographic thermodynamics and an application to the phase diagram of QCD, real-time correlators and the shear viscosity of strongly coupled field theories, holographic superconductors, and the application of holographic fermionic response to strange metals. These lectures were delivered at TASI 2017.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Baryon $\sigma$ terms in SU(3) BChPT x 1/N c

ChPT and the 1/N c expansion provide systematic frameworks for the strong interactions at low energy. A combined framework of both expansions has been developed and applied for baryons with three light-quark-flavors. The small scale expansion of the combined approach is identified as the ξ-expansion, in which the power counting of the expansions is linked according to O(p) = O(1/N c ) = O(ξ). The physical baryon masses as well as lattice QCD baryon masses for different quark mass masses are analyzed to O(ξ 3 ) in that framework. σ terms are addressed using the Feynman Hellmann theorem. For the nucleon, a useful connection between the deviation of the Gell-Mann-Okubo relation and the σ term σ 8N associated with the scalar density $\bar{u}u+\bar{d}d-2\bar{s}s$ is identified. In particular, the deviation from the tree level relation σ 8N = $\frac{1}{3}$(2m N -m Σ -m Ξ ), which gives rise to the so called σ-term puzzle, is studied in the ξ-expansion. A large correction non-analytic in ξ results for that relation, making plausible the resolution of the puzzle. Issues with the determination of the strangeness σ terms are discussed, emphasizing the need for lattice calculations at smaller m s for better understanding the range of validity of the effective theory. The analysis presented here leads to σ πN = 69(10) MeV and σ πΔ = 60(10) MeV.

Fernando, Ishara P.↗

nCTEQ PDFs at the LHC: Vector Boson Production in Heavy Ion Collisions

Extraction of the strange quark PDF is a long-standing puzzle. We use the nCTEQ nPDFs with uncertainties to study the impact of the LHC W/Z production data on both the flavor differentiation and nuclear corrections; this complements the information from neutrino-DIS data. As the proton flavor determination is dependent on nuclear corrections (from heavy target DIS, for example), LHC heavy ion measurements can also help improve proton PDFs. We introduce a new implementation of the nCTEQ code (nCTEQ++) based on C++ which has a modular strucure and enables us to easily integrate programs such as HOPPET, APPLgrid, and MCFM. Using ApplGrids generated from MCFM, we use nCTEQ++ to perform a preliminary fit including the pPb LHC W/Z vector boson data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Update on flavor diagonal nucleon charges

This talk provides an update on the calculation of matrix elements of flavor diagonal axial, scalar and tensor quark bilinear operators between the nucleon ground state. The simulations are done using Wilson-clover fermions on a sea of eight 2+1+1-flavor HISQ ensembles generated by the MILC collaboration. We discuss the signal in the sum of the connected and disconnected contributions for the up, down and strange quarks, control over fits to remove excited state contamination, and the simultaneous chiral-continuum fit used to extract the charges.

Park, Sungwoo↗

Form factors for semi-leptonic $B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)}^∗\ell \nu_\ell$ decays

Semileptonic $B_{(s)}$ decays are of great phenomenological interestbecause they allow to extract CKM matrix elements or test lepton flavouruniversality. Taking advantage of existing data, we explore extractingform factors for vector final states using the narrow widthapproximation. Based on RBC/UKQCD's set of 2+1 flavour gauge fieldensembles with Shamir domain-wall fermion and Iwasaki gauge fieldaction, we study semileptonic $B_{(s)}$ decays using domain-wallfermions for light, strange and charm quarks, whereas bottom quarks aresimulated with the relativistic heavy quark (RHQ) action. Exploratoryresults for $B_s \to D_s^* \ell \nu_\ell$ are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Initializing BSQ with Open-Source ICCING

While it is well known that there is a significant amount of conserved charges in the initial state of nuclear collisions, the production of these due to gluon splitting has yet to be thoroughly investigated. The ICCING (Initial Conserved Charges in Nuclear Geometry) algorithm reconstructs these quark distributions, providing conserved strange, baryon, and electric charges, by sampling a given model for the g → qq¯ splitting function over the initial energy density, which is valid at top collider energies, even when µB = 0. The ICCING algorithm includes fluctuations in the gluon longitudinal momenta, a structure that supports the implementation of dynamical processes, and the c++ version is now open-source. A full analysis of parameter choices on the model has been done to quantify the effect these have on the underlying physics. We find there is a sustained difference across the different charges that indicates sensitivity to hot spot geometry.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Progress in the dynamical parton distributions

The present status of the (JR) dynamical parton distribution functions is reported. Different theoretical improvements, including the determination of the strange sea input distribution, the treatment of correlated errors and the inclusion of alternative data sets, are discussed. Highlights in the ongoing developments as well as (very) preliminary results in the determination of the strong coupling constant are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Bulk viscosity of two-flavor color superconducting quark matter in neutron star mergers

This work investigates the bulk viscosity of warm, dense, neutrino-transparent, color-superconducting quark matter, where damping of density oscillations in the kHz frequency range arises from weak-interaction-driven direct Urca processes involving quarks. We study the two-flavor red-green paired color-superconducting (2SC) phase, while allowing for the presence of unpaired strange quarks and blue color light quarks of all flavors. Our calculations are based on the SU(3) Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model, extended to include both vector interactions and the ‘t Hooft determinant term. The primary focus is on how variations in the NJL Lagrangian parameters—specifically, the diquark and vector coupling strengths—affect both the static properties of quark matter, such as its equation of state and composition, and its dynamical behavior, including bulk viscosity and associated damping timescales. We find that the bulk viscosity and corresponding damping timescale can change by more than an order of magnitude upon varying the vector coupling by a factor of two at high densities and by a lesser degree at lower densities. This sensitivity primarily arises from the susceptibility of 2SC matter, with a smaller contribution from modifications to the weak interaction rates. In comparison, changes in the diquark coupling have a more limited impact. The damping of density oscillations in 2SC matter is similar quantitatively to nucleonic matter and can be a leading mechanism of dissipation in merging hybrid stars containing color superconducting cores.

Gravitational Waves↗

Collective Excitation in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions—In Memory of Professor Lianshou Liu

We celebrate the legacies of our friend and mentor Professor Lianshou Liu who was one of the pioneers for the phenomenology of multi-particle interactions and initiated the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions in China. In this article, we discuss some of the recent exciting experimental observations on the collective phenomena including collectivity, chirality, criticality, strangeness production, and thermal equilibrium in high-energy nuclear collisions. Future directions, especially the physics at high baryon density, will be discussed with a focus on the first-order phase boundary and hyperon–nucleon interactions.

Huang, Huan Zhong↗

Supersymmetric and Conformal Features of Hadron Physics

The QCD Lagrangian is based on quark and gluonic fields—not squarks nor gluinos. However, one can show that its hadronic eigensolutions conform to a representation of superconformal algebra, reflecting the underlying conformal symmetry of chiral QCD. The eigensolutions of superconformal algebra provide a unified Regge spectroscopy of meson, baryon, and tetraquarks of the same parity and twist as equal-mass members of the same 4-plet representation with a universal Regge slope. The predictions from light-front holography and superconformal algebra can also be extended to mesons, baryons, and tetraquarks with strange, charm and bottom quarks. The pion q q ¯ eigenstate has zero mass for m q = 0 . A key tool is the remarkable observation of de Alfaro, Fubini, and Furlan (dAFF) which shows how a mass scale can appear in the Hamiltonian and the equations of motion while retaining the conformal symmetry of the action. When one applies the dAFF procedure to chiral QCD, a mass scale κ appears which determines universal Regge slopes, hadron masses in the absence of the Higgs coupling. One also predicts the form of the nonperturbative QCD running coupling: α s ( Q 2 ) ∝ e − Q 2 / 4 κ 2 , in agreement with the effective charge determined from measurements of the Bjorken sum rule. One also obtains viable predictions for spacelike and timelike hadronic form factors, structure functions, distribution amplitudes, and transverse momentum distributions. The combination of conformal symmetry, light-front dynamics, its holographic mapping to AdS 5 space, and the dAFF procedure thus provide new insights, not only into the physics underlying color confinement, but also the nonperturbative QCD coupling and the QCD mass scale.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

THE EXTENDED HIGH A ( V ) QUASAR SURVEY: SEARCHING FOR DUSTY ABSORBERS TOWARD MID-INFRARED-SELECTED QUASARS

We present the results of a new spectroscopic survey for dusty intervening absorption systems, particularly damped Ly α absorbers (DLAs), toward reddened quasars. The candidate quasars are selected from mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer combined with optical and near-infrared photometry. Out of 1073 candidates, we secure low-resolution spectra for 108 using the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma, Spain. Based on the spectra, we are able to classify 100 of the 108 targets as quasars. A large fraction (50%) is observed to have broad absorption lines (BALs). Moreover, we find six quasars with strange breaks in their spectra, which are not consistent with regular dust reddening. Using template fitting, we infer the amount of reddening along each line of sight ranging from A ( V ) ≈ 0.1 to 1.2 mag (assuming a Small Magellanic Cloud extinction curve). In four cases, the reddening is consistent with dust exhibiting the 2175 Å feature caused by an intervening absorber, and for two of these, an Mg ii absorption system is observed at the best-fit absorption redshift. In the rest of the cases, the reddening is most likely intrinsic to the quasar. We observe no evidence for dusty DLAs in this survey. However, the large fraction of BAL quasars hampers the detection of absorption systems. Out of the 50 non-BAL quasars, only 28 have sufficiently high redshift to detect Ly α in absorption.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Muon Bundles as a Sign of Strangelets from the Universe

Recently, the CERN ALICE experiment observed muon bundles of very high multiplicities in its dedicated cosmic ray (CR) run, thereby confirming similar findings from the LEP era at CERN (in the CosmoLEP project). Originally, it was argued that they apparently stem from the primary CRs with a heavy masses. We propose an alternative possibility arguing that muonic bundles of highest multiplicity are produced by strangelets, hypothetical stable lumps of strange quark matter infiltrating our universe. We also address the possibility of additionally deducing their directionality which could be of astrophysical interest. Significant evidence for anisotropy of arrival directions of the observed high-multiplicity muonic bundles is found. Estimated directionality suggests their possible extragalactic provenance.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Bridged HPSi and Linear HSiP as Probes of the SiP Radical in Astrophysical/Interstellar Media

The SiP radical has a X-tilde {sup 2}Π ground state and a low-lying A{sup 2}Σ{sup +} state with a transition wavelength of greater than 20 μm. However, this transition has a near-zero oscillator strength making it all but unobservable. Addition of a hydrogen atom to the system creates the strangely bent HPSi molecule and also the linear HSiP isomer, lying 0.50 eV above the bent. The electron-deficient P–Si π cloud in X-tilde {sup 2}Π SiP is stabilized by the addition of the hydrogen atom, making this isomer the preferred form of HPSi. The HSiP linear isomer can be formed from A{sup 2}Σ{sup +} SiP. As a result, the [HPSi]/[HSiP] ratio could serve as tracer of the otherwise unobservable but low-lying A{sup 2}Σ{sup +}← X-tilde {sup 2}Π electronic transition of SiP. The high-level quantum chemical computations employed here imply that the rotational lines of HPSi and HSiP will overlap extensively, but the vibrational frequencies, especially the hydride stretch, are significantly separated. The hydride stretches are in the 5 μm range, making them excellent candidates for mid-IR observations with the Stratsopheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy or with the James Webb Space Telescope. Furthermore, the rotational constants and vibrational frequencies of X-tilde {sup 2}Π SiP, A{sup 2}Σ{sup +} SiP, and X-tilde {sup 1}Σ{sup +} SiP{sup −} are also provided in addition to the relative energies of all five species.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Simultaneous Constraints on the Mass and Radius of Aql X–1 from Quiescence and X-Ray Burst Observations

The measurement of neutron star mass and radius is one of the most direct ways to distinguish between various dense matter equations of state. The mass and radius of accreting neutron stars hosted in low-mass X-ray binaries can be constrained by several methods, including photospheric radius expansion from type I X-ray bursts and from quiescent spectra. In this paper, we apply for the first time these two methods simultaneously to constrain the mass and radius of Aql X–1. The quiescent spectra from Chandra and XMM-Newton , and photospheric radius expansion bursts from RXTE are used. The determination of the mass and radius of Aql X–1 is also used to verify the consistency between the two methods and to narrow down the uncertainties of the neutron star mass and radius. It is found that the distance to Aql X–1 should be in the range of 4.0–5.75 kpc, based on the overlapping confidence regions between photospheric radius expansion burst and quiescent spectra methods. In addition, we show that the mass and radius determined for the compact star in Aql X–1 are compatible with strange star equations of state and conventional neutron star models.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

An Improved Method for Coupling Hydrodynamics with Astrophysical Reaction Networks

Reacting astrophysical flows can be challenging to model, because of the difficulty in accurately coupling hydrodynamics and reactions. This can be particularly acute during explosive burning or at high temperatures where nuclear statistical equilibrium is established. We develop a new approach, based on the ideas of spectral deferred corrections (SDC) coupling of explicit hydrodynamics and stiff reaction sources as an alternative to operator splitting, that is simpler than the more comprehensive SDC approach we demonstrated previously. We apply the new method to a double-detonation problem with a moderately sized astrophysical nuclear reaction network and explore the time step size and reaction network tolerances, to show that the simplified-SDC approach provides improved coupling with decreased computational expense compared to traditional Strang operator splitting. This is all done in the framework of the Castro hydrodynamics code, and all algorithm implementations are freely available.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

A Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Electron Broadening in Strong Magnetic Fields. II. Large Enhancements due to Exchange Interactions

We present a quantum treatment of atom–electron collisions in magnetic fields, demonstrating the significant importance of including the effect of exchange that arises from two interacting electrons. We find strange behaviors that are not encountered in collisions without a magnetic field. In high magnetic fields, exchange can lead to orders of magnitude enhancements of collision cross sections. Additionally, the elastic collision cross sections that involve the ground state become comparable to those involving excited states, and states with large orbits have the largest contribution to the collisions. We anticipate significant changes to spectral line broadening in neutron star surfaces and atmospheres.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗