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At least 901 records · Page 50

Superconductivity with T c ≈ 7 K under pressure for Cu- and Au-doped BaFe 2 As 2

It is noteworthy that chemical substitution of BaFe 2 As 2 (122) with the noble elements Cu and Au gives superconductivity with a maximum T c ≈ 3 K, while Ag substitution (Ag-122) stays antiferromagnetic. For Ba(Fe 1–x TM x ) 2 As 2 , TM = Cu, Au, or Ag, and by doping an amount of x = 0.04, a-lattice parameter slightly increases (0.4%) for all TM dopants, while c-lattice decreases (–0.2%) for TM = Cu, barely moves (0.05%) for Au, and increases (0.2%) for Ag. Despite the naive expectation that the noble elements of group 11 should affect the quantum properties of 122 similarly, they produce significant differences extending to the character of the ground state. For the Ag-122 crystal, evidence of only a filamentary superconductivity is noted with pressure. However, for Au and Cu doping (x ≈ 0.03) we find a substantial improvement in the superconductivity, with T c increasing to 7 K and 7.5 K, respectively, under 20 kbar of pressure. As with the ambient pressure results, the identity of the dopant therefore has a substantial impact on the ground state properties. Further, density functional theory calculations corroborate these results and find evidence of strong electronic scattering for Au and Ag dopants, while Cu is comparatively less disruptive to the 122 electronic structure.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

First principles band structure of interacting phosphorus and boron/aluminum δ -doped layers in silicon

Silicon can be heavily doped with phosphorus in a single atomic layer (a δ layer), significantly altering the electronic structure of the conduction bands within the material. Recent progress has also made it possible to further dope silicon with acceptor-based δ layers using either boron or aluminum, making it feasible to create devices with interacting δ layers with opposite polarity. Using density functional theory, we calculate the electronic structure of a phosphorus-based δ layer interacting with a boron or aluminum δ layer, varying the distances between the δ layers. At separations 1 nm and smaller, the dopant potentials overlap and largely cancel each other out, leading to an electronic structure closely mimicking intrinsic silicon. At separations greater than 1 nm, the two δ layers behave independently of one another, with an equivalent electronic structure to a p–n diode with an intrinsic layer taking the place of the depletion region. One mechanism for charge transfer between δ layers at larger distances could be tunneling, where we see a tunneling probability exceeding what would be seen for a standard silicon 1.1 eV triangular barrier, indicating that the interaction between delta layers may enhance tunneling compared to a traditional junction.

delta layers↗

Xenon doping of liquid argon in ProtoDUNE single phase

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be the next generation long-baseline neutrino experiment. The far detector is designed as a complex of four LAr-TPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) modules with 17 kt of liquid argon each. The development and validation of the first far detector technology is pursued through ProtoDUNE Single Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP), a 770 t LAr-TPC at CERN Neutrino Platform. Crucial in DUNE is the photon detection system that will ensure the trigger of non-beam events — proton decay, supernova neutrino burst and BSM searches — and will improve the timing and calorimetry for neutrino beam events. Doping liquid argon with xenon is a known technique to shift the light emitted by argon (128 nm) to a longer wavelength (178 nm) to ease its detection. The largest xenon doping test ever performed in a LAr-TPC was carried out in ProtoDUNE-SP. From February to May 2020, a gradually increasing amount of xenon was injected to also compensate for the light loss due to air contamination. The response of such a large TPC has been studied using the ProtoDUNE-SP Photon Detection System (PDS) and a dedicated setup installed before the run. With the first it was possible to study the light collection efficiency with respect to the track position, while with the second it was possible to distinguish the xenon light (178 nm) from the LAr light (128 nm). The light shifting mechanism proved to be highly efficient even at small xenon concentrations (<20 ppm in mass) furthermore it allowed recovering the light quenched by pollutants. The light collection improved far from the detection plane, enhancing the photon detector response uniformity along the drift direction and confirming a longer Rayleigh scattering length for 178 nm photons, with respect to 128 nm ones. The charge collection by the TPC was monitored proving that xenon up to 20 ppm does not impact its performance.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Optical characterizations of densely doped Tm 3+ :KYW crystals at low temperatures

Abstract We investigate the optical lifetime, decay characteristics, spectral linewidth and energy level properties of thulium ions doped in a KY(WO 4 ) 2 crystal at 4 K temperature. High doping concentration of thulium ions with inhomogeneous broadening allow us to study nonradiative behaviors, instantaneous spectral diffusion, and spectral power broadening in this solid-state material. The theoretical consideration of ion–ion interactions is shown to accurately characterize the absorption, decay and other spectral behaviors of Tm 3 + ions. We observe more than ten-fold reduction in the decay time of 3 H 4 state and about three-fold reduction in the spectral-hole lifetime as we approach the center of the inhomogeneous broadening, corresponding to higher optical densities.

Lei, Yisheng (ORCID:0009000410141189)↗

Gallium-doped zinc oxide: nonlinear reflection and transmission measurements and modeling in the ENZ region

Abstract Strong nonlinear materials have been sought after for decades for applications in telecommunications, sensing, and quantum optics. Gallium-doped zinc oxide is a II–VI transparent conducting oxide that shows promising nonlinearities similar to indium tin oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide for the telecommunications band. Here we explore its nonlinearities in the epsilon near zero (ENZ) region and show n 2,eff values on the order of 4.5 × 10 −3 cm 2 GW −1 for IR pumping on 200–300 nm thin films. Measuring nonlinear changes in transmission and reflection with a white light source probe in the near-IR while exciting in the near-IR provides data in both time and wavelength. Three films varying in thickness, optical loss, and ENZ crossover wavelength are numerically modeled and compared to experimental data showing agreement for both dispersion and temporal relaxation. In addition, we discuss optimal excitation and probing wavelengths occur around ENZ for thick films but are red-shifted for thin films where our model provides an additional degree of freedom to explore. Obtaining accurate nonlinear measurements is a difficult and time-consuming task where our method in this paper provides experimental and modeled data to the community for an ENZ material of interest.

Ball, Adam (ORCID:0000000318167813)↗

Prototype reactor-antineutrino detector based on 6 Li-doped pulse-shape-discriminating plastic scintillator

An aboveground 60-kg reactor-antineutrino detector prototype, comprising a two-dimensional array of 36 6 ⁢Li-doped pulse-shape-sensitive plastic scintillator bars, is described. Each bar is 50 cm long with a square cross section of 5.5 cm. Doped with 6 ⁢Li at 0.1% by mass, the detector is capable of identifying correlated energy depositions for the detection of reactor antineutrinos via the inverse-𝛽-decay (IDB) reaction. Each bar is wrapped with a specular reflector that directs photons toward photomultiplier tubes mounted at both ends of the bar. Here, this paper highlights the construction, key features, and main performance characteristics of the system. The system, which relies on multiple observables such as pulse-shape discrimination, energy, position, and timing, is capable of detecting IBD-like neutron-correlated backgrounds, long-lived decay chains, and cosmogenic isotopes.

Physics↗

Quadrupolar interactions between acceptor pairs in $\mathcal{p}$-doped semiconductors

Here, we consider the interaction between acceptor pairs in doped semiconductors in the limit of large interacceptor separation relevant for low doping densities. Modeling individual acceptors via the spherical model of Baldereschi and Lipari, we calculate matrix elements of the quadrupole tensor between the four degenerate ground states and show that the acceptor has a nonzero quadrupole moment. As a result, the dominant contribution to the large-separation acceptor-acceptor interaction comes from direct (charge-density) terms rather than exchange terms. The quadrupole is the leading nonzero moment, so the electric quadrupole-quadrupole interaction dominates for large separation. We calculate the matrix elements of the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction Hamiltonian in a product-state basis and diagonalize, obtaining a closed-form expression for the energies and degeneracies of the sixteen-state energy spectrum. All dependence on material parameters enters via an overall prefactor, resulting in surprisingly simple and universal results. This simplicity is due, in part, to a mathematical happenstance, the nontrivial vanishing of a particular Wigner 6-$\mathcal{j}$ symbol, $^\{\frac{^2_3}{\small2} \frac{^2_3}{\small2} \frac{^2_3}{\small2}$$^\}$ = 0. Results are relevant to the control of two-qubit interactions in quantum computing implementations based on acceptor spins, as well as calculations of the thermodynamic properties of insulating $\mathcal{p}$-type semiconductors.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Emergence of p+ip superconductivity in two-dimensional doped Dirac systems

Searching for the $p + ip$ superconducting (SC) state has become a fascinating subject in condensed matter physics recently, as a dream application awaiting in topological quantum computation. Unfortunately, so far there is no universal principle for realizing $p + ip$ in generic solid-state systems. Here we report a theoretical discovery of a $p + ip$ SC ground state (coexisting with ferromagnetic order) in the honeycomb lattice Hubbard model in the extremely strong-coupling limit (e.g., infinite U) at low doping $(δ < 0.2)$, by using both the state-of-art Grassmann tensor product state approach and a continuum quantum field theory approach. Our discovery suggests a mechanism for the $p + ip$ SC state in generic strongly correlated systems based on spin-charge separation and the charge current–current coupling scenario, which opens a door towards experimental realization. The $p + ip$ SC state has an instability towards a potential non-Fermi liquid with a large but finite U . Nevertheless, by applying an in-plane Zeeman field, such a $p + ip$ SC state can be stabilized with finite U in a very wide range of doping. Relevant realistic materials are also proposed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Linear dichroism infrared resonance in overdoped, underdoped, and optimally doped cuprate superconductors

By measuring the polarization changes in terahertz, infrared, and visible radiation over an extended energy range (3–2330 meV), we observe symmetry breaking in cuprate high-temperature superconductors over wide energy, doping, and temperature ranges. We measure the polarization rotation (Re[$θ_F$]) and ellipticity (Im[$θ_F$]) of transmitted radiation through thin films as the sample is rotated. We observe a twofold rotational symmetry in $θ_F$, which is associated with linear dichroism (LD) and occurs when electromagnetic radiation polarized along one direction is absorbed more strongly than radiation polarized in the perpendicular direction. Such polarization anisotropies can be generally associated with symmetry breakings. We measure the amplitude of the LD signal and study its temperature, energy, and doping dependence. The LD signal shows a resonant behavior with a peak in the few hundred meV range, which is coincident with the midinfrared optical feature that has been associated with the formation of the pseudogap state. In this work, the strongest LD signal is found in underdoped films, although it is also observed in optimally and overdoped samples. The LD signal is consistent with an electronic nematic order which is decoupled from the crystallographic axes as well as novel magnetoelectric effects.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Two phase transitions driven by surface electron doping in WTe 2

WTe 2 is a multifunctional quantum material exhibiting numerous emergent phases in which tuning of the carrier density plays an important role. In this work, we demonstrate two nonmonotonic changes in the electronic structure of WTe 2 upon in situ electron doping. The first phase transition is interpreted in terms of a shear displacement of the top WTe 2 layer, which realizes a local crystal structure not normally found in bulk WTe 2 . The second phase transition is associated with stronger interactions between the dopant atoms and the host, both through hybridization and electric field. These results demonstrate that electron doping can drive structural and electronics changes in bulk WTe 2 with implications for realizing nontrivial band-structure changes in heterointerfaces and devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Study of spin symmetry in the doped t-J model using infinite projected entangled pair states

We study the two-dimensional t-J model on a square lattice using infinite projected entangled pair states (iPEPS). At small doping, multiple orders, such as antiferromagnetic order, stripe order and superconducting order, are intertwined or compete with each other. We demonstrate the role of spin symmetry at small doping by either imposing SU(2) spin symmetry or its U(1) subgroup in the iPEPS ansatz, thereby excluding or allowing spontaneous spin-symmetry breaking, respectively, in the thermodynamic limit. From a detailed comparison of our simulations, we provide evidence that stripe order is pinned by long-range antiferromagnetic order. We also find SU(2) iPEPS, enforcing a spin-singlet state, yields a uniform charge distribution and favors d-wave singlet pairing.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Spin waves in doped graphene: A time-dependent spin density functional approach to collective excitations in paramagnetic two-dimensional Dirac fermion gases

In spin-polarized itinerant electron systems, collective spin-wave modes arise from dynamical exchange and correlation (xc) effects. We consider here spin waves in doped paramagnetic graphene with adjustable Zeeman-type band splitting. The spin waves are described using time-dependent spin density functional response theory, treating dynamical xc effects within the Slater and Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjölander approximations. We obtain spin-wave dispersions and spin stiffnesses as a function of doping and spin polarization, and we discuss the prospects for their experimental observation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Relaxation and darkening of excitonic complexes in electrostatically doped monolayer $\mathrm{WSe_2}$: Roles of exciton-electron and trion-electron interactions

Here we present photoluminescence measurements in monolayer $\mathrm{WSe_2}$, which point to the importance of the interaction between charged particles and excitonic complexes. The theoretical analysis highlights the key role played by exchange scattering, referring to cases wherein the particle composition of the complex changes after the interaction. For example, exchange scattering renders bright excitonic complexes dark in monolayer $\mathrm{WSe_2}$ on accounts of the unique valley-spin configuration in this material. In addition to the ultrafast energy relaxation of hot excitonic complexes following their interaction with electrons or holes, our analysis sheds light on several key features that are commonly seen in the photoluminescence of this monolayer semiconductor. In particular, we can understand why the photoluminescence intensity of the neutral bright exciton is strongest when the monolayer is hole doped rather than charge neutral or electron doped. Similarly, we can understand the reason for the dramatic increase of the photoluminescence intensity of negatively charged excitons (trions) as soon as electrons are added to the monolayer. To self-consistently explain the findings, we further study the photoluminescence spectra at different excitation energies and analyze the behavior of the elusive indirect exciton.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Doping-driven resistive collapse of the Mott insulator in a minimal model for VO 2

Here we study the resistive collapse of the Mott insulator state in the dimer Hubbard model. This minimal model has been used to describe the physics of VO 2 , and should be relevant to other strongly correlated materials. It incorporates the physics of correlated dimers and the explicit competition between on-site Coulomb repulsion and magnetic exchange interactions. Our results unveil that between the Mott insulator at half filling and the Fermi liquid metal at high doping there is an intermediate bad metallic phase with exotic features such as a pseudogap, orbital selectivity, and a first-order metal-metal transition. The model is solved within dynamical mean field theory by means of quantum Monte Carlo, which provides the numerically exact solution of the model in the limit of large lattice dimensionality. This model can be considered as a minimal one that captures exotic phenomena associated to the physics of a doped Mott insulator, shading light on their basic physical mechanism.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Intrinsic and doping-enhanced superconductivity in monolayer 1 H − TaS 2 : Critical role of charge ordering and spin-orbit coupling

The interplay of superconductivity with charge density wave (CDW) in metallic transition-metal dichalcogenides has been widely debated, and viable strategies manipulating these quantum states in the two-dimensional (2D) limit remain unclear. Using the ab initio anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory, we successfully explain the superconductivity observed in monolayer 1H-TaS 2 by simultaneously determining its precise CDW structure and treating the marked modification of electron-phonon interaction and critical temperature T c by spin-orbit coupling effects. With this paradigm, we further show that electron doping weakens the CDW order leading to increased T c up to 11 K, along with a single-gap to two-gap superconductivity transition due to the suppression of the CDW gap. By contrast, a low hole doping barely affects the CDW but still yields a significantly enhanced superconducting order, implying their good coexistence. Combined with the synergistic behavior of CDW and superconductivity, which cooperate upon TaS 2 thickness reduction causing an unusual rise of T c , our results unravel diversified interactions between the two collective orders in ultrathin TaS 2 , being competition, coexistence or cooperation depending on external stimuli, which provide key clues for controlling correlated states in devices based on 2D CDW superconductors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Superconductivity in electron-doped PbBi 2 ⁢Te 4

Single crystals of In-doped PbBi 2 ⁢Te 4 are synthesized via a conventional solid-state method. Chemical analysis and Hall measurements indicate that In replaces Pb, introducing n-type carriers, creating Pb 1–x ⁢In x ⁢Bi 2 ⁢Te 4 . A superconducting transition is observed with a maximum transition temperature around 2.06 K for Pb 1–x⁢ In x ⁢Bi 2 ⁢Te 4 . Field-dependent transport measurements reveal type-II superconductivity and yield a maximum upper critical field around 1.55 T. Thermodynamic data indicates bulk superconductivity in the BCS weak-coupling limit. Finally, our findings establish an ambient-pressure superconducting system in the AM 2 ⁢X 4 family, and doped PbBi 2 ⁢Te 4 as a promising platform for the study of topological superconductivity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Antiferromagnet to ferromagnet crossover driven by nonmagnetic Co doping in heavy-fermion YbRh 3 Si 7

YbRh 3 ⁢Si 7 is a heavy fermion compound that stands out among Yb-based heavy fermions, with its relatively high magnetic ordering temperature and large Yb-Yb distance. To investigate the origin of the magnetic properties in this compound, we synthesized Co doped YbRh 3⁢ Si 7 , achieving a record-high ferromagnetic ordering temperature T C =15.6K, only limited by the Co solubility of 20%. Furthermore, we find a crossover from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order with Co doping. Additionally, the specific heat and magnetotransport measurements show heavy fermion behavior and the persistence of Kondo latticelike behavior in the Yb⁢(Rh 1-x Co x ) 3⁢ Si 7 series.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Stabilization of collinear ferromagnetic order in Ir-doped triple-layer ruthenate Sr 4 Ru 3 O 10

The triple-layer Sr 4 Ru 3 O 10 is a spin-orbit-coupled metal featuring an intriguing combination of ferromagnetic and metamagnetic states. Here we report a comprehensive study of single-crystal neutron and x-ray diffraction on Sr 4 Ru 3 O 10 with 4% iridium doping. The system crystallizes in an orthorhombic Bbem structure in which two triple layers are related by a base centering symmetry operation within one unit cell. The 4% Ir doping at the Ru site sensitively alters the structural balance between the RuO 6 layers, as such the two outer-layer octahedra rotate 6.7° about the c axis, while the central-layer one rotates in the opposite direction by 11.0°. The increased lattice distortion stabilizes a collinear ferromagnetic state with magnetic moments fully aligned along the c axis. The emerging perpendicular magnetic anisotropy naturally increases the critical field for the inplane metamagnetic transition to 4.5 Tesla. All results highlight the critical linkage between the magnetic properties and underlying lattice through orbital degrees of freedom, as well as the enhanced spin orbit coupling due to heavier 5d ions. Our observation provides a viable route for an efficient manipulation of the magnetic states with functionalities.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗