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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 901 records · Page 50
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Imaging electron motion in graphene

A cooled scanning probe microscope (SPM) is an ideal tool to image electronic motion in graphene: the SPM tip acts as a scanning gate, which interacts with the electron gas below. We introduce the technique using our group's previous work on imaging electron flow from a quantum point contact in a GaAs 2DEG and tuning an InAs quantum dot in an InAs/InP nanowire. Carriers in graphene have very different characteristics: electrons and holes travel at a constant speed with no bandgap, and they pass through potential barriers via Klein tunneling. In this paper, we review the extension of SPM imaging techniques to graphene. We image the cyclotron orbits passing between two narrow contacts in a single-atomic-layer graphene device in a perpendicular magnetic field. Magnetic focusing produces a peak in transmission between the contacts when the cyclotron diameter is equal to the contact spacing. The charged SPM tip deflects electrons passing from one contact to the other, changing the transmission when it interrupts the flow. By displaying the change in transmission as the tip is raster scanned above the sample, an image of flow is obtained. In addition, we have developed a complementary technique to image electronic charge using a cooled scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) that uses a sensitive charge preamplifier near the SPM tip to achieve a charge noise level 0.13 e Hz -1/2 with high spatial resolution 100 nm. The cooled SPM and SCM can be used to probe the motion of electrons on the nanoscale in graphene devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1994

Quantitative 3-D imaging topogrammetry for telemedicine applications

The technology to reliably transmit high-resolution visual imagery over short to medium distances in real time has led to the serious considerations of the use of telemedicine, telepresence, and telerobotics in the delivery of health care. These concepts may involve, and evolve toward: consultation from remote expert teaching centers; diagnosis; triage; real-time remote advice to the surgeon; and real-time remote surgical instrument manipulation (telerobotics with virtual reality). Further extrapolation leads to teledesign and telereplication of spare surgical parts through quantitative teleimaging of 3-D surfaces tied to CAD/CAM devices and an artificially intelligent archival data base of 'normal' shapes. The ability to generate 'topogrames' or 3-D surface numerical tables of coordinate values capable of creating computer-generated virtual holographic-like displays, machine part replication, and statistical diagnostic shape assessment is critical to the progression of telemedicine. Any virtual reality simulation will remain in 'video-game' realm until realistic dimensional and spatial relational inputs from real measurements in vivo during surgeries are added to an ever-growing statistical data archive. The challenges of managing and interpreting this 3-D data base, which would include radiographic and surface quantitative data, are considerable. As technology drives toward dynamic and continuous 3-D surface measurements, presenting millions of X, Y, Z data points per second of flexing, stretching, moving human organs, the knowledge base and interpretive capabilities of 'brilliant robots' to work as a surgeon's tireless assistants becomes imaginable. The brilliant robot would 'see' what the surgeon sees--and more, for the robot could quantify its 3-D sensing and would 'see' in a wider spectral range than humans, and could zoom its 'eyes' from the macro world to long-distance microscopy. Unerring robot hands could rapidly perform machine-aided suturing with precision micro-sewing machines, splice neural connections with laser welds, micro-bore through constricted vessels, and computer combine ultrasound, microradiography, and 3-D mini-borescopes to quickly assess and trace vascular problems in situ. The spatial relationships between organs, robotic arms, and end-effector diagnostic, manipulative, and surgical instruments would be constantly monitored by the robot 'brain' using inputs from its multiple 3-D quantitative 'eyes' remote sensing, as well as by contact and proximity force measuring devices. Methods to create accurate and quantitative 3-D topograms at continuous video data rates are described.

Altschuler, Bruce R.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Organic light emitting device with conducting cover

The claimed invention was made by, on behalf of, and/or in connection with one or more of the following parties to a joint university corporation research agreement: Princeton University, The University of Southern California, The University of Michigan and Universal Display Corporation. The agreement was in effect on and before the date the claimed invention was made, and the claimed invention was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the agreement.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2021

AIAA Ascend 2021 Conference On Demand Manufacturing of Electronics Panel Abstract

1. Session Proposal o Session Title NASA’s In Space Manufacturing and the On Demand Manufacturing of Electronics o Session Topic Primary -- Space Logistics, Autonomy, and Robotics; Secondary – Transformative Research and Technologies o Session Format: Panel Discussion. o Requested Session Duration: 60 minutes o Short Session Description: The goal of NASA’s On Demand Manufacturing of Electronics project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a low-gravity, on-demand manufacturing system for flexible hybrid electronic devices on the International Space Station. This panel will feature several key collaborators and team members from the commercial sector, academia, and internal to NASA, each of which are contributing an unique and vital role to the design and implementation of this new technology system. o Extended Session Description (Please describe in detail the activity proposed, including how you intend to use the requested session duration. This session description will be provided to the reviewers for consideration and will not be displayed in the online agenda.): The session will be moderated by Curtis Hill, the Project Lead for the On Demand Manufacturing of Electronics (ODME), and he will start by giving a brief introduction to the ODME project which is working to produce a demo system for the manufacturing of electronic devices on the International Space Station. Panelists consisting of collaborators and team members to the ODME project will then give a brief (~5 min) introduction highlighting their contributions to the project, followed by time for Q&A from the audience. The panel will consist of: 1. Kenneth Church, nScrypt. nScrypt is a leader in multi-material printing with a modular system that incorporates a direct write thick film print head, a polymer fused filament fabrication print head, a laser sintering attachment, a drill head attachment for milling, and a pick and place. The system can print a layer and scan for accuracy of prints. The combination of multiple print heads and scanning allows for the on-demand production of intricate electronic components. 2. Andy Kurk, TechShot, Inc. Techshot, Inc. has collaborated extensively with NASA on the in space manufacturing of both printed electronics and fused metal materials. They are currently working to develop and integrate a test system for printed electronics, and a flight demonstration on the International Space Station is anticipated in 2024. 3. Ed Hendricks, NextFlex. NextFlex has the goal of advancing the manufacture of flexible hybrid electronics in the U.S. They are working with ODME on the development of AstroSense, an additively manufactured, wireless, flexible, and wearable health sensor. 4. Dr. Pradeep Lall, Auburn University. Professor Lall is the MacFarlane Endowed Distinguished Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering with a Courtesy Joint Appointment in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and a Courtesy Joint Appointment in the Department of Finance. He is collaborating with NASA’s ODME project to develop multilayer printable devices and to develop techniques to test the quality of a printed electronic device. 5. Dr. Wei Gao, California Institute of Technology. Professor Gao is an Assistant Professor of Medical Engineering. His group is developing fully printed, flexible, and wearable biosensors for crew health monitoring in collaboration with NASA’s ODME project. In addition, they are working on using sweat to power biofuel cells for wearable, self-powered electronic devices. 6. Beth Paquette, NASA Goddard. The ODME branch at NASA Goddard is spearheading a sounding rocket flight demo to prove the capability of a printed electronic device with multiple sensors. In addition, they focus on thin film and flexible energy storage evaluations. o Session Goal(s)/Outcome(s): Please list the learning objectives and/or tangible outcomes (technical paper or other publication). The goal of this session is to highlight the internal and collaborative efforts of NASA’s On Demand Manufacturing of Electronics project to develop a system for printing electronics that will be tested on the International Space Station in 2024. In addition, the session with facilitate discussion with the community on the state of the art of printable electronics, current challenges, and new avenues for collaboration.

Jennifer McInnis Jones↗
NASA NTRS1994

A PC based time domain reflectometer for space station cable fault isolation

Significant problems are faced by astronauts on orbit in the Space Station when trying to locate electrical faults in multi-segment avionics and communication cables. These problems necessitate the development of an automated portable device that will detect and locate cable faults using the pulse-echo technique known as Time Domain Reflectometry. A breadboard time domain reflectometer (TDR) circuit board was designed and developed at the NASA-JSC. The TDR board works in conjunction with a GRiD lap-top computer to automate the fault detection and isolation process. A software program was written to automatically display the nature and location of any possible faults. The breadboard system can isolate open circuit and short circuit faults within two feet in a typical space station cable configuration. Follow-on efforts planned for 1994 will produce a compact, portable prototype Space Station TDR capable of automated switching in multi-conductor cables for high fidelity evaluation. This device has many possible commercial applications, including commercial and military aircraft avionics, cable TV, telephone, communication, information and computer network systems. This paper describes the principle of time domain reflectometry and the methodology for on-orbit avionics utility distribution system repair, utilizing the newly developed device called the Space Station Time Domain Reflectometer (SSTDR).

Pham, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2021

All-Dielectric Meta-Optics for High-Efficiency Independent Amplitude and Phase Manipulation

Optical metasurfaces, composed of subwavelength scattering elements, demonstrate remarkable control over the transmitted amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. However, manipulating the amplitude upon transmission, without the use of surface waves, requires loss if a single metasurface is used. Herein, high-efficiency independent manipulation of the amplitude and phase of a beam is described using two lossless phase-only metasurfaces separated by a distance. With this configuration, optical components such as combined beam-forming and splitting devices are experimentally demonstrated, as well as those for forming complex-valued, 3D holograms. The compound meta-optic platform provides a promising approach for achieving high-performance holographic displays and compact optical components, while exhibiting a high overall efficiency.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

What limits the efficiency of GaN-based superluminescent light-emitting diodes (SLEDs)?

Gallium-nitride-based SLEDs are attractive light sources for augmented reality displays and other applications. However, the electrical-to-optical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of SLEDs is still far below the record-high values reported for LEDs. Utilizing advanced numerical device simulation, this paper investigates the internal physical processes that cause the low PCE of SLEDs. The poor hole conductivity strongly reduces the electrical efficiency, similar to laser diodes. However, in contrast to laser diodes, the rising carrier density in the active layers is identified as main reason for enhanced Auger recombination that severely limits the internal quantum efficiency. Design improvement options are demonstrated.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data Visualization: Augmented Reality

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in developing new technologies for automated characterization and visualization of condition monitoring data. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that is being developed to improve such data visualization. Augmented reality has been defined as a technology that merges virtual and physical components in real-time, and in three dimensions. Wearable, commercially-available AR devices allow onsite engineers and technicians to perform inspection tasks with significantly more available information such as comparisons of past and present sensor and imager data, onsite data analysis and result displays, and various forms of metadata including technical drawings, previous inspection reports and maintenance histories, operation manuals, codes and standards, and holograms representing data analysis results superimposed onto the in situ monitored system.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1971

Multispectral infrared imaging interferometer

Device permitting simultaneous viewing of infrared images at different wavelengths consists of imaging lens, Michelson interferometer, array of infrared detectors, data processing equipment for Fourier transformation of detector signal, and image display unit. Invention is useful in earth resources applications, nondestructive testing, and medical diagnoses.

Potter, A. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

G-load indicator and warning device for aircraft

Device facilitates pilot control of g-load maneuvers and provides immediate indication of g-load constraint violations. It may be used in test flights, in aircraft simulators, or in displays of performance of remotely piloted aircraft.

Howard, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Design parameters for rotating cylindrical filtration

Rotating cylindrical filtration displays significantly reduced plugging of filter pores and build-up of a cake layer, but the number and range of parameters that can be adjusted complicates the design of these devices. Twelve individual parameters were investigated experimentally by measuring the build-up of particles on the rotating cylindrical filter after a fixed time of operation. The build-up of particles on the filter depends on the rotational speed, the radial filtrate flow, the particle size and the gap width. Other parameters, such as suspension concentration and total flow rate are less important. Of the four mechanisms present in rotating filters to reduce pore plugging and cake build-up, axial shear, rotational shear, centrifugal sedimentation and vortical motion, the evidence suggests rotational shear is the dominant mechanism, although the other mechanisms still play minor roles. The ratio of the shear force acting parallel to the filter surface on a particle to the Stokes drag acting normal to the filter surface on the particle due to the difference between particle motion and filtrate flow can be used as a non-dimensional parameter that predicts the degree of particle build-up on the filter surface for a wide variety of filtration conditions. c2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Non-NASA Center↗
DOE OSTI2018

Three-dimensional hierarchical and interconnected honeycomb-like porous carbon derived from pomelo peel for high performance supercapacitors

The urgent need for sustainable development of human society has forced material scientists to explore novel materials starting from cheap natural precursors for next-generation energy storage devices by using environmentally friendly strategies. In this work, heteroatom-functionalized porous carbonaceous materials with 3D hierarchical and interconnected honeycomb-like structure have been successfully synthesized by using waste biomass pomelo peel as raw material through the combination of hydrothermal carbonization and followed KOH activation procedure. Benefiting from the unique honeycomb-like structure and high specific surface area, the as-obtained carbon material exhibits satisfactory capacitive behavior: 374 F/g at 0.1 A/g; excellent cycling stability of 92.5% capacitance retention over continuous 5000 cycles. More importantly, the as-assembled symmetric supercapacitors based on as-prepared electrode material can deliver high gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 20 W h/kg and 18.7 W h/L in 6 M KOH, respectively, as well as outstanding cycling stability. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility for taking full advantage of sustainable and large scale advanced carbon materials by choosing waste biomass, particularly the pomelo peel as a raw material. - Graphical abstract: 3D hierarchical and interconnected honeycomb-like porous carbonaceous materials (HPGC) from waste biomass (pomelo peels) were successfully prepared through the combination of hydrothermal carbonization and followed KOH activation procedure. The as-obtained carbon material exhibits satisfactory capacitive behavior. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility for taking full advantage of sustainable carbon materials by choosing biomass waste provided by nature as raw materials. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Pomelo peel was utilized to fabricate heteroatom-functionalized porous carbonaceous materials. • The as-prepared carbon materials contains 3D hierarchical and interconnected honeycomb-like structure. • The obtained carbon material and symmetric device exhibits superior electrochemical performances for supercapacitor.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Spatially controlled doping of two-dimensional SnS 2 through intercalation for electronics

Doped semiconductors are the most important building elements for modern electronic devices. In silicon-based integrated circuits, facile and controllable fabrication and integration of these materials can be realized without introducing a high-resistance interface. Besides, the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials enables the realization of atomically thin integrated circuits. However, the 2D nature of these materials precludes the use of traditional ion implantation techniques for carrier doping and further hinders device development10. Here, we demonstrate a solvent-based intercalation method to achieve p-type, n-type and degenerately doped semiconductors in the same parent material at the atomically thin limit. In contrast to naturally grown n-type S-vacancy SnS 2 , Cu intercalated bilayer SnS 2 obtained by this technique displays a hole field-effect mobility of ~40 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , and the obtained Co-SnS 2 exhibits a metal-like behaviour with sheet resistance comparable to that of few-layer graphene. Combining this intercalation technique with lithography, an atomically seamless p–n–metal junction could be further realized with precise size and spatial control, which makes in-plane heterostructures practically applicable for integrated devices and other 2D materials. Therefore, the presented intercalation method can open a new avenue connecting the previously disparate worlds of integrated circuits and atomically thin materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Centimeter-Scale and Visible Wavelength Monolayer Light-Emitting Devices

Monolayer 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have shown great promise for optoelectronic applications due to their direct bandgaps and unique physical properties. In particular, they can possess photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY) approaching unity at the ultimate thickness limit, making their application in light-emitting devices highly promising. In this research, large-area WS 2 grown via chemical vapor deposition is synthesized and characterized for visible (red) light-emitting devices. Detail optical characterization of the synthesized films is performed, which show peak PL QY as high as 12%. Electrically pumped emission from the synthetic WS 2 is achieved utilizing a transient-mode electroluminescence device structure, which consists of a single metal–semiconductor contact and alternating gate fields to achieve bipolar emission. Utilizing this aforementioned structure, a centimeter-scale ( ≈ 0.5 cm 2 ) visible (640 nm) display is demonstrated, fabricated using TMDCs to showcase the potential of this material system for display applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

High-performance nanodevices based on WGe 2⁢ N 4 monolayer

Two-dimensional (2D) 𝑀⁢𝐴 2 ⁢𝑍 4 -family monolayers (MLs) have emerged as promising semiconductors due to their element tunability and rich electronic and optoelectronic properties. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic, mechanical, transport, and optoelectronic properties of WGe 2⁢ N 4 ML with a small indirect bandgap. Various nanodevices based on WGe 2 ⁢N 4 ML are studied, including pn-junction diodes, pin-junction field-effect transistors (FETs), and phototransistors. The present results reveal that the WGe 2⁢ N 4 ML exhibits high rigidity, thermal stability, and remarkable light absorption. These nanodevices demonstrate excellent performance: (1) the pn-junction diode shows a high rectification ratio and a near-Shockley-limit ideality factor, (2) the pin-junction FET exhibits significant gate voltage modulation capability with subthreshold swing as low as 71 mV/dec (close to the theoretical limit calculated based on the Boltzmann distribution), and (3) the phototransistor displays strong optoelectronic responses in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Furthermore, these findings establish WGe 2 ⁢N 4 ML as a versatile platform for developing high-performance, multifunctional nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices, significantly expanding the application potential of 𝑀⁢𝐴 2⁢ 𝑍 4 -family materials.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2022

Entanglement Verification of Hyperentangled Photon Pairs

In this work, we experimentally investigate the properties of hyperentangled states displaying simultaneous entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom and find that Bell tests beyond the standard Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality can reveal a higher-dimensional nature in a device-independent way. Specifically, we show that hyperentangled states possess more than just simultaneous entanglement in separate degrees of freedom but also entanglement in a higher-dimensional Hilbert space. We also verify the steerability of hyperentangled quantum states by steering different photonic degrees of freedom.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1973

Digital hardware and computer system for a digital image recorder.

Description of the digital memory and related computer system used at the Palomar Mountain Observatory. The memory was designed to have a large number of pixels, a high capacity for each pixel, and fast access for use with a variety of image sensors. As an image integration and storage device, this memory is shown to possess ideal properties, namely, it is strictly linear, has a wide dynamic range, and the image does not deteriorate with time. The observer has a visual display which enables him to monitor the image as it is being integrated.-

Dennison, E. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Interactive data analysis for astronomy Shuttle experiments at Goddard Space Flight Center

The eye as an efficient selection device for determining what is important in astronomical imagery can be greatly aided by the computer. A suitable facility, called the Interactive Astronomical Data Analysis Facility (IADAF), has been developed for the display and analysis of astronomical imagery by the Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics. The Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics currently has approval to fly two experiments on Spacelab. The Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope (SEUTS) is to be used for the study of several fundamental problems of solar physics. The Ultraviolet Image Telescope for Astronomical Investigations (UIT) is to provide direct imagery of selected fields of view throughout the sky. A description is given of IADAF, taking into account its 16-bit computer and the COMTAL image processing display system. The use of IADAF by SEUTS and UIT is discussed.

Klinglesmith, D. A., III↗